• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.233-237
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the seedling establishment and yield of direct-sown Platycodon grandiflorus seeds cultured by three ridge width, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 m and four mulching materials, rice straw, rice bran, black plastic film, and no mulching in upland. Seedling establishment rate (70%) was the highest in rice straw mulched plot of 500 seeds/$m^2$ sowed and root yield after one year was also the highest in rice straw mulched treatment and followed by rice bran, no mulching, and black plastic film treatment. In this result, ridge width 120cm and rice straw mulching combined treatment was best for getting the highest seedling establishment ratio and seedling numbers per area. However, ridge width and mulching materials should be considered soil moisture content and weed population for saving labor cost.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1999

An experiment was carried out using pots to investigate the effects of Chinese milk vetch on the seedling establishment and growth in rice. Four irrigations with five-day intervals and three different levels of vetch straw were investigated. Significantly higher panicle numbers were obtained in vetch-treated pots. Vetch levels were non-treatment as checks, vetch with top removed, root plus shoot 7.5 ton/ha, and root plus shoot 3.0 ton/ha. The time for complete degradation of vetch straws was reduced from 10 days to 5 days as submerged time was delayed, and was affected by the amount of mulched vetch straws. As the mulched vetch amount increased, the time for a complete degradation was extended from 4 days to 12 days. Grain yield and its components were significantly affected by irrigation time and mulched vetch amount. Effectively controlled, lowered reduction damage from the degrading vetch straw, irrigation date and vetch amount were the most important factors for the improving of seedling establishment in direct-sown rice.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of various types of mulching materials for cutflower cultivation in statice. The results obtained were as follows ; The soil temperature mulched by black polyethylene film or rice straw was lower as 3$^{\circ}C$ than that of soil mulched by transparent polyethylene film or non - mulching in plastic house. The weed yield occurrenced on the soil mulched by black polyethylene film was lower than that mulched by transparent polyethyl one film and rice straw or non-mulching. The growth characteristics, those are plant height, leaf length and leaf width were not different among the mulching materials but in flower quality and yield of first grade, black polyethylene film produced better than others.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.466-470
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• 2010

We investigated the effects of organic mulches on the tree and fruit qualities of "Niitaka" (Pyrus pyriforia) pear trees. Trees grown with rice straw mulch had significantly greater potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) concentrations in leaves compared with control trees and those mulched using bark or polyethylene, but the concentrations were below the recommended levels for these nutrients in pear leaves. Bark mulch increased fruit firmness and soluble solid (SS) levels, compared with rice straw mulch. The fruit of trees grown with bark mulch had a higher ratio of SS to total acidity in fresh fruit, and the fruit was dark red in color. The K and Ca concentrations were highest in fruit grown on trees mulched with rice straw and bark, respectively, and competition between the levels of these cations was evident in fresh fruit. Bark and rice straw mulches increased overall fruit quality, and reduced fruit stone size, whereas a polyethylene mulch, devoid of organic material, resulted in a fruit stone size similar to that of the control.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 1999

No-till direct seeding cultivation of rice has major advantages such as saving of labor and cost by eliminating tillage, preparation of seed bed and trans-planting procedure compared to the conventional transplanting cultivation. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of straw treatment and nitrogen levels on the rice growth in no-till direct-seeding cultivation. Rice straw, vetch straw, and the mixture of both of the straws were mulched on the surface of soil before seeding while 4 levels of nitrogen fertilizer, 0, 7, 9, and 11 kkg/10a respectively, were applied at 3 split times, 3-weeks after sowing, 5-weeks after sowing and the panicle initiation stage. Mulching of vetch straw significantly reduced seedling establishment of rice which may be attributed to low oxidation-reduction potential of soil by vetch mulching treatment. Vetch straw increased the concentration of soil ammonium leading to an extension of the greenish leaf to panicle initiation stage. Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (AD $E_{N}$) in heavy-mixed straw mulching plots was lower than other treatments. Grain yield and AU $E_{N}$ in the vetch treatment were less affected by fertilized N levels. Conclusively, it is suggested that heavy straw mulching was not efficient for rice seedling establishment and nitrogen usage.e.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.505-513
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the variation of chemical components in stagnant water under different mulching amount of barley straw after combine harvesting and the effect of stagnent water on the germinatidn and seedling elongation at early growth stage in rice. pH was lower in barley straw mulching than non-mulching and decreased with increasing of mulched barley straw but was not different among treatments in stagnant water at 15 days after flooding. Dissolved oxygen decreased with the increasing of mulched barley straw and increased with the passing of time, while saline content increased with the increasing of mulched barley straw, showing significant difference among treatments, was peaked at 15 days after flooding and thereafter, decreased. NH4-N was higher 5 days after flooding with thicker barley straw mulching but was not different at 10 days. N $O_3$-N increased up to 10 to 15 days after flooding and increased with thicker barley straw mulching. Water soluble phosphorus and cation content ( $K^{+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$)were higher in thicker barley straw mulching and peaked at 10 and 15 days after flooding. Germination rate was decreased by thicker straw mulching and was high in order of medium late, medium and early maturing rice variety. Keumobyeo, Gancheokbyeo, Ilpumbyeo, Dongjinbyeo and Gyehwabyeo showed higher germination rate. Seedling elongation at early growth stage was poorer with increasing of barley. straw mulching. Ilpumbyeo had good seedling elongation in one time amount of barley straw mulching and Shinunbongbyeo, Unjangbyeo, Nonganbyeo and Dongjinbyeo had poorer, in two times.mes.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2005

Three new rice farming systems, i.e. (1) straw-mulched no-till rice cropping system(SMNTRCS), (2)straw-mulched no-till rice-vetch cropping system (SMNTRWCS), (3)conventional rice-barley cropping system(CRVCS) have been established and compared with (4)conventional rice cropping system(CRCS). Grain appearance of brown rice of Korean native rice cultivars in SMNTRCS and SMNTRVCS were better than those in CRBCS and CRCS. Grain appearance of milled rice in SMNTRCS was better than those of other cropping systems. Korean native rice cultivars showed more white belly and broken rice than those of recommended rice cultivars. Mg and K contents of Korean native rice cultivars were the highest in SMNTRVCS. Protein contents of all the cultivars tested were the highest in SMNTRCS. Protein contents of Korean native cultivars were higher than those of recommended cultivars. Amylose contents of the cultivars tested were from 16 to 22 percent, while those of Aedal and Jenmjo were significantly higher than those of the other cultivars. Alkali digestibility values(ADV) of milled rice grain, tested in $1.2\%$ potassium hydroxide for 23 h at $30^{\circ}C$, showed varietal differences and the cultivars grown in CRBCS were the highest and the lowest in CRCS.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 1998

When rice straw was mulched, the inhibition of weed growth was observed in the barley field. This study was carried to indentify the influence of rice straw extract on germination, shoot and root growth of barley and water foxtail, according to extraction rate, temperature, growth stage, variety and soaking time. The inhibition rate of germination, shoot and root length of barley and water foxtail was higest in rice straw extract of $24^{\circ}C$, 5hours, 10%(w/v). Daerimbyeo's extract among 17 rice varieties inhibited growth of barley most, but Anjoongbyeo's was lowest. Among five growth stages, extract at seedling stages inhibited growth of barly and water foxtail most. Among 10 barley varieties, Seaolbori showed the greatest growth inhibition by rice straw extract.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 1997

When the rice straw mulched, the inhibition of weed growth was observed in the paddy field. If we use these allelopathic effect of decreased weed establishment, we can save labor, and protect environment. Aqueous extract of rice straw were bioassayed using water foxtail seeds to investigate chair effects on the germination and the growth, and to identify allelopathic compounds. The major results obtained were summarized as follows : Aqueous extract was fractioned by solvent, among various fractions, II-3, II-4 fractions inhibited the coleoptile and the radical of water foxtail, by 100%, respectively. There were fumaric acid and 4 unknown organic acids. Seven organic acids including fumaric acid inhibited the growth and germination of water foxtail in $10^{-2}$M solution. One of the most effective allelopathic compounds in rice straw was identified the unknown organic acid, as molecular weight 253, by GC/MS.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 1976

This experiment was conducted for the control of summer depression of cool-season pasture plant. Orchard grass, tall fescue, red clover, alfalfa, and crabgrass were mulched by barley straw with depths of $100g/m^2$, $200g/m^2$ and $300g/m^2$ for 45 days -from July 1, to August 14-, and the effects on growth, yield and chemical composition were observed. The results obetain were as follow: Temperature decrease of $1.0{\sim}3.04^{\circ}C$ was followed after barley straw mulching on the grassland as compared with the control. The growth of the grasses after mulching was hastened, i. e. plant height was increasd 6.0~45% as compared with the control. Barley straw mulching with $100g/m^2$ supported the increase in yield of the grasses with an average of 32.77%, however, average yield was decreased by 7.75% with $300g/m^2$ mulching, apparently due to the rottening of grasses. Chemical compositions of mulched grasses were varied; contents of crude protein and nitrogen free extract were higher, but crude fats, fibre, and ashes were lower than those of the control.