• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 1991

Activated carbons from rice-straw can be used as an adsorbents for the purification of water were prepared and evaluated. The adsorptive capacities of activated carbons were measured by iodine, potassium permangante, phenol and metals. It was observed by electron microscope (SEM) and IR spectrum that organic components in the rice-straw and its carbonization product were disappeared. Slit-shaped and porousstructures were formed by activation. There was no relationship between temperature and adsorption of iodine but adsorption of potassium permanganate increased as temperature rose. The adsorption of the phenol was greater than 99%. The adsorption data of phenol at $25^\circ{C}$ obeyed the Freundlich's isotherm. Various metals except sodium were not removed by activated carbon.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 1991

Rumen liquor characteristics and disappearance rate of dry matter were studied in Kedah-Kelantan cattle and swamp buffaloes fed grass of rice straw-based diet. Cobalt-EDTA and chromium mordented fibres prepared from the faecal material were used to determine the liquid and solid particles movement in both animal species fed with rice straw. Swamp buffaloes showed a more intense rumen fermentation activity than Kedah-Kelantan cattle when both species were fed straw-based diet. The buffaloes also demonstrated faster rates of grass and straw degradation in situ. The fluid outflow rate from the rumen of buffalo ($1.06{\pm}0.19l/h$) was observed to be slower than that of cattle ($1.55{\pm}0.01l/h$). No significant differences between cattle and buffaloes were observed in rumen fluid volume and passage rate of small particles from the rumen.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.107-114
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• 2003

This study was performed to develop the plantable concrete block using rice straw ash and apply for inclined plane. For the planting, plantable concrete block needs infiltration of water and air through void of block. The materials used for plantable concrete block are cement, rice straw ash, and coarse aggregate (5-10, 10-20 mm). Plantable block size is $23\times23\times4$ cm, and species of planting are Tall fescue, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Lespedeza cuneata. At the 6 months after seeding, germination ratio and grown-up length of Tall fescue, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Lespedeza cuneata are shown in 90%, 60%, 50%, and 40~50 cm, 90~120 cm, 60~75 cm, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.311-314
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• 1989

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.287-288
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• 1989

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.493-496
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• 1989

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.421-423
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• 1989

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.429-431
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• 1989

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.960-964
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• 2014

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diets containing coarse-texture rice straw and small particle size alfalfa pellets as a part of total mixed ration (TMR) on milk productivity and chewing activity in lactating dairy cows. Sixteen multiparous Holstein dairy cows ($670{\pm}21kg$ body weight) in mid-lactation ($194.1{\pm}13.6$ days in milk) were randomly assigned to TMR containing 50% of timothy hay (TH) or TMR containing 20% of rice straw and 30% of alfalfa pellet mixture (RSAP). Geometric mean lengths of TH and RSAP were found to be 5.8 and 3.6, respectively. Dry matter intake, milk yield and milk composition were measured. Moreover, eating and ruminating times were recorded continuously using infrared digital camcorders. Milk yield and milk composition were not detected to have significant differences between TH and RSAP. Dry matter intake (DMI) did not significantly differ for cows fed with TH or RSAP. Although particle size of TH was larger than RSAP, eating, ruminating and total chewing time (min/d or min/kg of DMI) on TH and RSAP were similar. Taken together, our results suggest that using a proper amount of coarse-texture rice straw with high value nutritive alfalfa pellets may stimulate chewing activity in dairy cows without decreasing milk yield and composition even though the quantity of rice straw was 40% of TH.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.641-649
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the yield of bio-ethanol produced by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) with the pretreated rapeseed straw (RS) using crude enzyme of Cellulomonas flavigena and Saccharomyces cereviase. Crude enzyme of C. flavigena showed enzymatic activity of 14.02 U/mL for CMC 133.40 U/mL, for xylan 15.21 U/mL, for locust gum and 15.73 U/mL for rapeseed straw at pH 5.0 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. The hemicellulose contents of RS was estimated to compromise 36.62% of glucan, 43.20% of XMG (xylan + mannan + galactan), and 2.73% of arabinan by HPLC analysis. The recovering ratio of rapeseed straw were investigated to remain only glucan 75.2% after 1% $H_2SO_4$ pretreatment, glucan 45.44% and XMG 32.13% after NaOH, glucan 44.75% and XMG 5.47% after $NH_4OH$, and glucan 41.29% and XMG 41.04% after hot water. Glucan in the pretreatments of RS was saccharified to glucose of 45.42 - 64.81% by crude enzyme of C. flavigena while XMG was made into to xylose + mannose + galactose of 58.46 - 78.59%. Moreover, about 52.88 - 58.06 % of bio-ethanol were obtained from four kinds of saccharified solutions by SHF using S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, NaOH pretreatment was determined to show the highest mass balance, in which 21.22 g of bio-ethanol was produced from 100 g of RS. Conclusively, the utilization of NaOH pretreatment and crude enzyme of Cellulomonas flavigena was estimated to be the best efficient saccharification process for the production of bio-ethanol with rapeseed straw by SHF.