• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2014

According to the technical guideline of water pollutant load management, the rainfall captured ratio which can be estimated by the empirical formula is an important element to estimate reduction loads of non-point pollutants water quality control basin. In this study, the rainfall captured ratio is altered to stormwater captured ratio considering its meaning in the technical guideline of water pollutant load management, and the new empircal formula of stormwater captured ratio is suggested. In order to do this, we calculate stormwater captured ratio by using the hourly rainfall data of seven urban weather stations (Busan, Daegu, Daejeon, Gangreung, Seoul, Gwangju, and Jeju) for 43 years. The regression coefficients of the existed empirical formula cannot reflect the catchment properties at all, because they are fixed values regardless of regions. However the empirical formula of stormwater captured ratio has flexible regression coefficients by runoff coefficient(C), so it is allowed to consider the characteristics of runoff in catchment. It is expected that reduction loads of storage based water quality control basin can be more reasonably estimated than before.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.399-415
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• 2014

The intensity of stormwater runoff is particularly acute across cities located in arid climates. During flash floods loose sediment and pollutants are typically transported across sun-hardened surfaces contributing to widespread degradation of water quality. Rapid, dense urbanization exacerbates the problem by creating continuous areas of impervious surfaces, perforated only by a few green patches. Our work demonstrates how the latest techniques in remote sensing can be used to routinely measure urban land cover types, impervious cover, and vegetated areas. In addition, multiple regression models can then infer relationships between urban land use and land cover types with stormwater quality data, initially sampled at discrete monitoring sites, and then extrapolated annually across an arid city; in our case, the city of Phoenix in Arizona, USA. Results reveal that from 30 storm event samples, solids and heavy metal pollutants were found to be highly related with general impervious surfaces; in particular, with industrial and commercial land use types. Repercussions stemming from this work include support for public policies that advocate environmental sustainability and the more recent focus on urban livability. Also, advocacy for new urban construction and re-development that both steer away from vast unbroken impervious surfaces, in place of more fragmented landscapes that harmonize built and green spaces.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2007

The Kuem-River, one of the largest rivers in Korea, is the primary water source for more than 4 million people in Kongju city and surrounding area. To study the effect of stormwater runoff to CSOs, twelve monitoring sites were selected in two large cities (City of Kongju and City of Buyeo) near the Kuem-River. Monitoring was reformed by collecting grab samples, measuring flow rates during dry and wet seasons during over two rainy seasons. Generally the flow rate of wastewater in combined sewers was rapidly decreased after 23:00 P.M. and gradually increased from 06:30 A.M. in all sites during the dry season. The concentrations of pollutant increase approximately 5 to 7 fold for TSS and 1.5 to 2.5 fold for BOD during the rainy season. Monitoring and statistical analysis show that the groundwater contributes on sewage volume increase (average 25-45% more) during dry periods and the stormwater runoff contributes approximately 51-72% increase during rainy periods. Generally the concentrations of combined sewage were more polluted during the first flush period than after the first flush during a storm event.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.415-426
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• 2001

재해영향평가제도가 시행된 이후 평가서에는 홍수량 산정 및 개발로 인해 증가된 유출량에 대한 대처방안으로 저류지용량을 산정할 때 임계지속기간의 개념을 도입하여 각종 수문량이 산정된다. 임계지속기간은 수공구조물의 종류, 유역특성과 계획강우의 시간적분포 및 재현기가, 유출모형에 따라 변화한다. 본 연구에서는 저류지 설계시 소요용량을 결정하기 위해 기존 연구에서 제안한 바 있는 저류비의 개념을 이용하여 산정된 저류지용량과 강우지속기간에 따른 저류지용적이 최대가 되는 때의 저류지용적 등을 비교·분석함으로써 저류지 설계시 적정용량을 산정하는 방법을 제안하였다. 추후 유출수문곡선으로부터 최대부하를 야기시키는 계획강우의 임계지속기간을 정하는 문제는 다양한 유출모형과 실적자료를 통한 강우-유출해석과 연계시켜야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 특별관리해역인 시화호 유역의 산업단지 하천에 강우 시 비점오염의 형태로 유입되는 중금속의 유출 특성 파악 및 오염원 파악을 하천 토구를 통해 배출되는 강우유출수 내 용존 및 입자성 중금속(Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb)을 조사하였다. 용존성 Co와 Ni은 강우 초반에 고농도로 유출된 후 시간에 따라 감소하는 결과를 보였으나, 대부분의 원소는 조사시기별 강우량 및 유량 변화에 따라 각각 다른 특징을 보였다. 입자성 중금속의 경우, 시간에 따른 부유물질의 농도 변화와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 강우유출수 내 존재하는 중금속 중 Co, Ni, Zn는 용존 상태로 유출되는 비율이 높았고, Cr, Cu, Pb은 입자상 유출 비율이 상대적으로 높았다. 입자 상태로 유출되는 중금속의 인위적 오염도를 평가하기 위해 농집지수를 계산한 결과, Cu, Zn, Cd은 very highly polluted에 해당하는 심각한 오염수준으로 나타났다. 연구지역인 3간선수로 유역 인근의 도로먼지 중 125 ㎛ 이하에서의 중금속 농도와 비교한 결과, 강우유출수 내 Cu, Zn, Cd의 중금속이 금속제조관련 시설에서 절삭 혹은 가공 중에 발생하여 산업시설 표면에 축적되어 있는 금속물질이 강우유출수와 함께 수환경으로 유출된 것을 알 수 있었다. 강우유출수 내 총중금속 평균 유출부하량은 1회 강우 시 Cr 128 g, Co 12.35 g, Ni 98.5 g, Cu 607.5 g, Zn 8,429.5 g, As 6.95 g, Cd 3.7 g, Pb 251.75 g으로 금속제조와 관련된 산업시설이 주로 존재하는 유역의 특성을 잘 반영한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2017

도시지역은 인구가 집중되어 토지이용이 집약적이며 불투수면의 비율이 높아 강우시 비점오염에 의한 영향이 높은 지역이다. 비점오염원은 강우시 다양한 토지이용으로부터 발생되며 수계에 직접적인 영향을 미치고 오염물질의 종류와 양에 따라 불확실성이 높은 오염원이므로 점오염원과 함께 관리가 필요하다. 이러한 비점오염원을 관리하기 위한 방안으로 국내 외에서는 자연적인 기작을 이용한 비점오염원 관리기법인 저영향개발기법 (Low impact development, LID)을 도입하였으며 침투도랑, 식생체류지, 인공습지 등 다양한 요소기술이 포함된다. 이중 인공습지는 수질정화 (비점오염물질 저감)와 더불어 물을 저류하는 기능을 가진 친환경적인 시설로 잘 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 비점오염원 관리를 위한 LID 기술의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었으며 도시지역에 조성된 두 종류의 인공습지를 운영한 결과를 분석하고 평가하고자 한다. 연구대상 인공습지는 HSSF형과 Hybrid형으로 두 시설 모두2010년에 조성되어 현재까지 운영 중에 있으며 본 논문에서는 2010년부터 2015년까지의 총 42회의 모니터링 결과를 이용하였다. 분석결과, 두 인공습지를 통해 강우유출유출량을 평균 37~41% 범위로 저감되였으며 오염물질별 저감효율의 경우 TSS는 63~79%, TN은 38~54%, TP는 54%, 중금속은 32~81% 범위로 나타나 도시지역내 인공습지 적용시 비점오염원 저감에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2004

For the last two decades, Seoul has always been affected by large floods. As climate change causes more frequent localized heavy rains exceeding the capacity of sewer or river to discharge water, flood damage is expected to increase. Under the situation, detention facilities for lacking capacity of sewers can control stormwater runoff to reduce flood damage in urbanized areas. In this study, in order to reduce flood damage in Cheonggyecheon areas, the capacity of detention facilities was decided to make up for the lacking capacity of main sewers in case of the rainfall in July, 2001 as large flood. The average amount of stormwater detained in eight Cheonggyecheon drainage areas is $235.09m^3/ha$. Location and size of stormwater detention facilities is designed to have effects in short term by targeting the reduction of flood damage. Schools and parks are suggested as optimal locations where detention facilities are constructed in drainage areas.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2011

This study assessed the subsurface runoff and peak flow reduction in rain gardens. The results showed that the highest water retention was found in rain garden mesocosms in which Rhododendron lateritium and Zoysia japonica were planted, followed by mesocosms in which either R. lateritium or Z. japonica was planted, and the lowest water retention rate was found in non-vegetated control treatment mesocosms(${\alpha}$ < 0.05). Although higher rainfall intensity caused a decrease of peak flow reduction in both vegetated and non-vegetated treatments, peak flow reduction was the greatest in mesocosms with mixed plants. A rain garden can be an effective tool for environment-friendly stormwater management and improving ecological functions in urban areas. Depending on the purpose such as delaying runoff or increasing infiltration, various plant types should be considered for rain garden designing.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2024

This study investigated the chemical properties of Organic Soil Amendments (OSAs) made from organic waste. It also assessed the effectiveness of using these OSAs in the soil layer of Green Infrastructure (GI) to reduce stormwater runoff and non-point source pollutants. The goal was to improve the national environmental value through resource recycling and contribute to the circular economy transformation and carbon neutrality of urban GI. The OSAs used in this study consisted of spent coffee grounds and food waste compost. They were found to be nutrient-rich and stable as artificial soils, indicating their potential use in the soil layer of GI facilities. Applying OSAs to bio-retention cells and permeable pavement resulted in a reduction of approximately 11-17% in stormwater runoff and a decrease of about 16-18% in Total Phosphorus (TP) discharge in the target area. Increasing the proportion of food waste compost in the OSAs had a positive impact on reducing stormwater runoff and pollutant emissions. This study highlights the importance of utilizing recycled resources and can serve as a foundation for future research, such as establishing parameters for assessing the effectiveness of GI facilities through experiments. To enable more accurate analysis, it is recommended to conduct studies that consider both the chemical and biological aspects of substance transfer in OSAs.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2020년도 학술발표회
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• pp.325-325
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• 2020

Low impact development (LID) is a widely used technology that aims to reduce the peak flow volume and amount of pollutants in stormwater runoff while introducing physicochemical, biological or a combination of both mechanisms in order to improve water quality. This research aimed to determine the effect of hydrologic factors in removing the pollutants on stormwater runoff by an LID facility. Monitored storm events from 2010-2018 were analysed to evaluate the hydraulic and hydrological performance of a small constructed wetland (SCW). Standard methods for the examination water and wastewater were employed to assess the water quality of the collected samples (APHA et al, 1992). Primary hydrologic data were obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration. The recorded average rainfall intensity and antecedent dry days (ADD) of SCW were 5.26 mm/hr and 7 days respectively. During the highest rainfall event (27 mm/hr), the removal efficiency of SCW for all the pollutants was ranging from 67% to 91%. While on the lowest rainfall event (0.7 mm/hr), the removal efficiency was ranging from -36% to 62%. Rainfall intensity has a significant effect to the removal efficiencies of each facility due to its dilution factor. In addition to that, there was no significant correlation of ADD to the mean concentrations of pollutants. Generally, stormwater runoff contains significant amount of pollutants that can cause harmful effects to the environment if not treated. Also, the component of this LID facility such as pre-treatment zone, media filters and vegetation contributed to the effectivity of the LID facilities in reducing the amounts of pollutants present in stormwater runof.