• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2004

The industrialization of central Europe more than 100 ago marked the beginning of densely concentrated buildings in quickly growing cities. A cheap type of roofing material of that time was tar. But it was dangerous because it was high inflammable. Then some roofer had a splendid idea. They used sandy material as a final layer atop the impermeable tar layer. These roofs were much more fire resistant than the typical roofs. In this sandy layer some plant species began to grow spontaneously. This was the beginning of the green roof history of modern Europe. A number of these green roofs survived both world wars. In the early 80's in Berlin alone, 50 such buildings existed and they continued to be waterproof until the present day. Since the 1992 Earth Summit of 1992 in Rio de Janeiro(http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/html/basic_info/unced.html) the term "sustainable development" became of central interest of urban designers. In city regions green roofs had become synonymous with this term. With a small investment, long-lasting roofs can be created. Further back in history, more exciting examples of green roofs can be found. The hanging gardens of antiquity are well-known. There are also green roofs built as insulation against cold and heat all over the world. For over 20 years, roof greening in central Europe has been closely examined for various reasons. Roof greening touches several different disciplines. Of primary interest is the durability of the roofs. But ecologists are also interested in green roofs, for instance in biodiversity research. The beneficial effect of greening on water proofing was also proven. For some time, the issue of fire protection was investigated. According to tests, green roofs received a harsh careful rating. Their fire protective property is considered similar to that of tile roofs. Another recent impulse for the green roof movement in Germany has come from the evident improvement of storm water retention and the reduced burden on the sewer system. The question of whether and how much energy green roofs can save has become an urgent question. The state of the research and also various open questions from a central European point of view will be discussed in the context of international collaboration. Apart from academic considerations, those who involve themselves in this issue take a predominantly positive view of the numerous existing green roofs in Germany. In some cities, green roofs are the typical construction technique for new buildings. A few outstanding examples will conclude this review. In Germany, about 20 companies, some of which operate internationally, specialize in green roof consulting. Learning from each other in an open-ended way with respect to different construction techniques and applications in various climatic regions can only be accomplished through such international collaboration as is taking place here.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.418-434
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 곡성천을 대상으로 강우 유출수와 함께 배출되는 비점오염물질을 평가하기 위하여 산지 계류와 인위적인 영향이 큰 하류 지점의 유출특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 곡성천 수질형성에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인은 농경지와 주거지 등에서 유출되는 비점오염원에 기인할 것으로 생각된다. 강우 유출수는 시가지의 직접 유출성분과 농경지의 월류수가 빠르게 개입한 하류부의 유량이 상류 계류부보다 신속하게 반응하였다. 비점오염원에 의한 오염물질의 발생은 강우강도가 증가함에 따라 전반적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 계류부의 SS, BOD, COD, T-P와 하류부의 BOD, COD, T-N이 초기 강우의 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 나타났다. 하류부의 평균수질농도는 계류부에 비해 약 3-315배 증가하였으며, 특히 SS와 T-P의 배출이 극단적으로 증가하였다. 계류부의 강우 유출수 중 지표 유출수가 4.7%에 지나지 않는 반면에 하류부의 지표 유출수는 29%를 차지하고 있어 EMC증가의 중요한 요인으로 간주된다. 그리고 토지이용 형태에 따라 강우시 유출수의 증감의 변화에 따른 수질변화가 복잡하게 나타나고 있었으며, 비점오염원 관리에 있어서 무엇보다도 중요한 것은 초기 유출수의 저감방안의 해결이 가장 중요하다고 판단된다.