• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 1990

In every reciprocal crosses of self pollination, interspecific pollination through ordinary stigma pollination of L. longiflorum and $L.{\;}{\times}{\;}elegans$, pollen vigorously germinated in stigma, and pollen tube was growing. But, 5 days after pollination, pollen tube stopping their growth in the same style as was observed in the cross of self pollination and interspecific pollination. Intrastylar pollination of $L.{\;}{\times}{\;}elegans$ and L. longiflorum passed stylar cannal through the basal part of styles. But, pollen tube that was growing to the ovule of the ovary was extremely small. In morphogical observation of ovary 10 days after pollination, it was observed, that every reciprocal crosses of L. longiflorum ${\times}$ L. ${\times}$ elegans was fertilized through intrastylar pollination, so that this technique was used to overcome cross incompatibilities.lities.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.657-663
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• 2005

Under the minimum risk point estimation formulation of Robbins(1959), we consider the sequential point estimation problem for normal population $N({\theta},\;{\theta})$ with unknown parameter ${\theta}$. In the case of completely unknown ${\theta}$, Stein's(1945) two-stage procedure is known to enjoy the consistency property, but it is not even first-order efficient. In the case when ${\theta}>{\theta}_L\;where\;{\theta}_L(>0)$ is known, the revised two-stage procedure is shown to enjoy all the usual second-order properties.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.106-109
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• 1995

Optimum relocation of the brake relative to the accelerator can reduce stopping diatance and may mean the difference between an accident and a near-accident. A driving simulator was used to examine effiency of brake time. Brake time was measured for 30 participants in six conditions. Brake times were shown to improve as a result of moving the brake pedal from its typical heights above the accelerator to positions below the accelerator.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2007

보다 안전하고 효율적인 교차로 신호운영을 위해서는 보행자의 횡단시간뿐만 아니라 자전거 이용자 특성에 따른 횡단시간을 고려한 신호운영이 필요하며. 특히 보행자와 물리적으로 분리 운영되는 교차로의 경우에는 자전거 횡단시간을 고려한 최소녹색시간 및 소거손실시간 계획이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 보행자와 마찬가지로 자전거 이용자가 교차로를 안전하게 횡단할 수 있는 시간(최소녹색시간. 소거손실시간 등)을 자전거 이용수요가 많은 현장에서 자전거 이용자의 횡단특성에 따라 조사 분석하였으며, 횡단유형은 크게 3가지로 정지한 상태에서 출발하는 형태(Stopping), 주행중인 속도로 횡단하는 형태(Riding), 자전거를 끌고 가는 형태(Pulling) 등으로 구분하였다. 조사 분석결과, 최소 녹색시간 산정시 고려 될 수 있는 횡단유형별 속도는 Stopping의 경우 1.36($15^{th}$ percentile), 1.60m/sec($25^{th}$ percentile), Pulling의 경우에는 0.75($15^{th}$ percentile), 0.87m/sec($25^{th}$ percentile) 라 할 수 있겠으며, 소거손실시간의 경우에는 자전거 이용자 형태 중 Riding의 경우로 2.51($15^{th}$ percentile), 2.79m/sec($25^{th}$ percentile)를 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.675-682
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of auditory biofeedback training and kicking training on walking times in patients with hemiplegia to determine if the effects of such training would be maintained even after stopping the intervention. Thirty hemiplegia patients were selected and randomly assigned to a control group of 10 patients to receive general exercise treatment; an auditory biofeedback training group of 10 patients to receive auditory biofeedback training, along with general exercise; and a kicking training group to receive kicking training, along with general exercise. All the patients received their respective training 12 times in total, three times per week for four weeks. In addition, all those in the control and experimental groups received the same general exercise treatment 12 times in total, three times per week for four weeks, and underwent follow-up tests thereafter. The patients' 10m walking times were measured using a stopwatch. The significance was analyzed using repeated-ANOVAs. In cases where there were interactions between measuring times and groups, in each group were examined using repeated-ANOVAs. In cases where there were differences, post-hoc tests were conducted using repeated of contrast test. The 10m walking times of the control and experimental groups were significant differences in 10m walking times were shown between measurement times(p<.05), and significant differences in the interactions between measuring times and groups were shown between the groups(p <.05). However, no significant differences in 10m walking times were shown between the groups(p>.05). The auditory biofeedback training group showed significant decreases in walking times four weeks after the beginning of the intervention(p<.05) and significant increases eight weeks after the beginning of the intervention(p<.05). The kicking training group showed significant decreases in walking time four weeks after the beginning of the intervention(p<.05) and maintained the walking times without showing any significant differences eight weeks after the beginning of the intervention(p>.05). The walking speeds of only the kicking training group were maintained until eight weeks after the beginning of the intervention.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to identify the smoking patterns and their relevant factors of the public officials who are placed to guide people's way of thinking as conservative middle-income group and thereupon, provide for basic data which can be used to reduce the diseases and death rate caused by smoking in terms of preventive medicine. For this purpose, 170 public officials working for the government agencies located in seoul were surveyed for Jan. 10-Jan. 20, 1995. The results of survey can be analyzed/summarized as follows; 1. In terms of daily smoking frequencies, 50 officials $(29.4\%)$ are driven by stress to smoke. Among these offcials, 250nes $(50.0\%)$ smoke 20-30 times a day. Meanwhile, 22 officials $(12.9\%)$ answered that they smoke for pleasure and comfort, and among them 6 officials $(21.4\%)$ smoke 20-30 times a day. 26 officials $(15.3\%)$ are found to be nicotine­addicted physically or psychologically, and to 10 of them $(35.7\%)$ smoke 20-30 times a day. On the other hand, 10 officials $(5.9\%)$ have habit of smoking and 4 of them $(40.0\%)$ smoke 20-30 times a day. 2. Out of 50 officials $(24.9\%)$ who began smoking on impulse, 44 actually stopped smoking, and the rest 6 officials did not even implement their plan. In view of successful cigarette-stopping, only 8 officials $(15.4\%)$ out of 44 impulse-driven smokers succeeded in stopping cigarettes, while the rest 36 failed all. Meanwhile, out of those 84 officials $(64.6\%)$. Who smoked for reduced stress, 28 ones succeeded, while the rest 56 ones failed. Out of 20 officials who were nicotine-addicted but attempted to stop smoking, only 2 smokers succeeded and the rest 18 were all failures. 3. Factors involving smoking and Their patterns 1) By age group (30's, 40's and 50's), the smoking patterns can be grouped into stress-removing, nocotine-addictive and habitual ones, respectively. 2) By acadeic background, our officials smoke on impulse or due to nocotine addition. 3) The length of career is co-related with nicotine addition. 4) The ownership of house is related with smoking for comfort or less stress. 5) The number of children is related with impulse-driven smoking or smoking for comfort.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2014

Platelets are derived from the fragments that are formed from the cytoplasm of bone marrow megakaryocytes-small irregularly shaped anuclear cells. Platelets respond to vascular damage, contracts blood vessels, and attaches to the damaged region, thereby stopping bleeding, together with the action of blood coagulation factors. Platelet activation is known to affect genes associated with vascular risk factors, as well as with arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study with 352,228 single-nucleotide polymorphisms typed in 8,842 subjects of the Korea Association Resource (KARE) project and replicated the results in 7,861 subjects from an independent population. We identified genetic associations between platelet count and common variants nearby chromosome 4p16.1 ($p=1.46{\times}10^{10}$, in the KIAA0232 gene), 6p21 ($p=1.36{\times}10^{-7}$, in the BAK1 gene), and 12q24.12 ($p=1.11{\times}10^{-15}$, in the SH2B3 gene). Our results illustrate the value of large-scale discovery and a focus for several novel research avenues.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.202-207
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• 2023

태양광과 풍력발전의 잉여전기를 공급받아 수전해를 구동하는 경우 날씨 변동에 따라 구동과 정지를 반복해야한다. 수전해를 구동하다 정지하면 잔류 수소와 산소에 의해 PEM 연료전지와 같은 상태가 되고, 구동 중 형성된 수전해의 높은 전위 때문에 전극과 고분자막이 정지 중에도 열화될 가능성이 높다. 본 연구에서는 PEM 수전해가 구동/정지 반복과정에서 전극과 고분자막의 열화가 얼마나 진행되는지 확인하고자, 144시간 동안에 구동/정지 횟수를 변화시키며 성능 감소를 측정하였다. 전극 촉매 활성면적 변화와 고분자막의 수소투과도와 불소유출속도 등을 분석해 전극과 고분자막의 특성 변화를 측정했다. 전체적으로 정지 횟수가 증가할수록 PEM 수전해 성능이 감소했다. 144시간동안에 5회 정지했을 때 IrO_x 촉매 활성이 30% 이상 감소하였고, 수소투과도는 80% 증가해서 전극과 고분자막이 모두 열화됨을 확인했다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.393-397
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• 2012

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to measure passengers' exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) and to determine effects of fuel, operating condition and position of seat. Method: UFP exposures in front and back seats of the Elephant vehicle in Seoul Grand Park were simultaneously measured by a condensation particle counter (P-Trak model 8525, TSI). The measurements were conducted 7 times with diesel-powered vehicle and 3 times with electricity vehicle in one day. The vehicle stopped at 3 locations along with 2.2 km of driving route. Results: UFP concentration in diesel-powered vehicle was significantly higher than electricity vehicle. At front seat of diesel-powered vehicle, average UFP exposure during stopping was significantly higher than during moving. When diesel-powered vehicle moved, UFP exposure in back seat was significantly higher than in front seat. Conclusions: Passengers in the diesel-powered Elephant vehicle could be exposed to high level of UFP. The UFP exposure was associated with operation condition and position of seat.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2020

Systems such as database and socal network systems have been broadly used, and their unexpected failure, with great losses and sometimes a social confusion, has received attention in recent years. Therefore, it is an important issue to find optimal maintenance plans for such kind of systems from the points of system reliability and maintaining cost. However, it is difficult to maintain a system during its working cycle, since stopping works might incur users some troubles. From the above viewpoint, this paper discusses minimal repair maintenance policy with periodic replacement, while considering the random working cycles. The random working cycle and periodic replacement policies with minimal repair has been discussed in traditional literatures by usually analyzing cases for the nonstopping works. However, maintenance can be more conveniently done at discrete time and even during the working cycle in real applications. So, we propose that periodic replacement is planned at discrete times while considering the random working cycle, and moreover provide a model in which system, with a minimal repair at failures between replacements, is replaced at the minimum of discrete times KT and random cycles Y. The average cost rate model is used to determine the optimal number of periodic replacement.