• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the real status of the utilization of Korean medicine (KM) treatment among children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods : In a prospective observational multicenter study for children with CP aged from 6 months to 78 months, we analyzed 69 questionnaires of children currently receiving or have received KM treatment such as acupuncture and Korean herbal medicine for CP. Results : Of all the 170 participants, 32 children was currently getting KM treatment and they were getting acupuncture therapy 2.5 times per week on average. The mean expenditure per month for acupuncture and herbal medicine was respectively 32,000won and 501,000won. 37 children have discontinued KM treatment. The most frequent reason for quitting acupuncture therapy was 'inconvenience' (40.7%), followed by 'suffering of children' (33.3%). The average duration of taking Korean herbal medicine was 3.78 months and the highest reason of stopping medicine was 'rejection of children' (32.3%), followed by the 'cost burden' (22.6%). 75% of currently KM using group answered they have experienced positive effect of KM and the rate was 48.6% among the group who have ceased KM. There was a significant difference between the two groups(p=0.025). Conclusions : Further study will be required to increase the therapeutic effect and utilization of KM among the children with CP. More efforts should be made to develop less invasive acupuncture method and various shape of KM herbal medicine and to expand the insurance coverage of KM for children with CP.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.7-10
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• 1993

ELISA법을 zearalenone 생성균주 검색에 응용하였다. 먼저 zearalenone에 대한 항체를 500배 희석한 후 microtiter well에 $125\;{\mu}l$씩 주입하여 $40^{\circ}C$에서 overnight시켜 coating하고, 시료용액과 enzyme을 $37^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 반응시켰다. 배양후 washing buffer로 6회 세척한 다음 plate에 2,2'-azino-di-3-ethyl-benzthiazoline sulfonic acid(ABTS) 용액을 $100\;{\mu}l$씩 첨가하여 15분간 발색시킨 다음 반응 정지액 $100\;{\mu}l$씩을 가해 반응을 정지시키고 ELISA Reader로서 흡광도(410 nm)를 측정하였다. 그 결과 zearalenone 생성이 확인된 19 균주 중 분리균 R-5, C-46 및 S-134가 50 ng/ml 이상의 zearalenone을 생성하였다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2015

PURPOSES : This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of safety with the standard for threshold zone luminance as specified in the Recommendation for Lighting of Traffic Tunnel, which has been widely adopted worldwide. METHODS : A driving test of the subject in a full-scale road tunnel was conducted. The adaptation luminance and threshold zone luminance, which should be known for the driver to perceive an object within stopping sight distance, were obtained. These values were compared with the adaptation luminance and threshold zone luminance obtained by the existing reduced model test and tunnel lighting standard that has served as a guideline for the current threshold zone luminance standard. RESULTS : According to this study, threshold zone luminance should be increased to at least 1.8 times the value proposed in the existing studies and to twice the domestic tunnel lighting standard (KS C 3703: 2014). CONCLUSIONS : The threshold zone luminance proposed in this study differs largely from that obtained from indoor tests and from the current tunnel lighting standard used worldwide; this difference may be attributed to the fact that the indoor tests did not incorporate driving workload, non-uniformity of luminance distribution in terms of sight, and factors that reduce the visibility of the driver, such as the light reflected into the driver's eyes. Hence, it is necessary to further review the factors that reduce the visibility of drivers approaching tunnels in order to determine the rational tunnel threshold zone luminance.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 송 수신 차량이 편도 2차선의 일반국도를 80[km/h]의 속도로 주행하고, 곡선 반경은 교통사고율이 높은 통계자료를 근거하여 280[m], 직선도로의 길이는 정지시거를 고려하여 140[m], 곡선의 길이는 90[m], 곡선도로를 11.25[m] 간격으로 8개 지점을 선정하여 시뮬레이션 하였다. 그 결과 송 수신 차량간 거리가 111[m] 이상이 될 경우에는 좌, 우측 반사체에 의해 이루어지는 반사파의 전파경로 보다는 인접한 차량들에 의해 이루어지는 반사파의 전파 경로가 반복 반사수가 증가함으로 더 갈어지게 된다. 송 수신차량간 거리가 111[m] 미만인 경우에는 수신차량에 전파가 도달하기 위한 반복 반사는 $1{\sim}2$[회]정도 이었으며 송 수신 차량이 위치한 차선에 관계없이 인접한 차량에 의해 발생하는 반사파 보다는 좌, 우측 반사체를 경유하여 수신하게 되는 반사파의 전파경로가 $1{\sim}1.5[m]$정도 더 큼을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7859-7863
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• 2015

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine versus docetaxel in a second-line setting of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients previously treated with platin-based combination chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 57 patients treated with single agent gemcitabine or docetaxel in second-line setting of advanced NSCLC who received one prior platinum-based therapy. Results: The mean age was $56.7{\pm}8.39$ years with 55 (96.5%) males and two (3.5%) females. Forty of them received docetaxel and 17 gemcitabine. The mean number of chemotherapy cycles was $6.8{\pm}4.0$ in the gemcitabine group, while it was $4.6{\pm}3.0$ in the docetaxel group. Overall response rates were 8% and 12% (P=0.02) for gemcitabine and docetaxel, respectively. The median survival time was 22 versus 21 months for gemcitabine and docetaxel, respectively. The median times to progression were 8 and 5 months. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of incidence of adverse affects (40% vs 47.1%). All of the hematological side effects were grade 1/2. No major toxicity was encountered necessitating stopping the drug for either group. Conclusions: Treatment with gemcitabine demonstrated clinically equivalent efficacy with a significantly improved safety profile compared with those receiving docetaxel in the second-line setting for advanced NSCLC in this study. Based on these results, treatment with gemcitabine should be considered a standard treatment option for second-line NSCLC.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2008

In this inquiry, I would suggest jet ventilation system for effective elimination of welding flaw at machinery material welding shop on plant and evaluate the airstream on inner space and property of welding flaw's density through the examination. We can know outer atmosphere inflows at the speed of about 0.05m/s from western entrance in case of stopping the jet ventilation system, but airstream is accumulated on entire space. At height of worker's breathing surface(Ground Level = 1.5 m, below of GL) and welding work center, density of welding flaw on upper part(GL = 12m) is appeared 4 times higher than outer atmosphere at surplus range besides nearby of western entrance. At operation of jet ventilation system, since the smooth air current transfer at inner space and exhaust effect the wind speed is maintained at 0.932 m/s at the point of height of worker's breathing surface on inner space and it's concluded about the working conditions have been better than before operation of jet ventilation system because of that results show that inner space density of welding flaw at height of worker's breathing surface is 40.5%, and in the work shop, it is 20.3% at upper part.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2006

Purpose : To assess the duration of the therapeutic effect and recurrence symptoms after stopping Herb Medication therapy for climacteric womens. Methods : 28 climacteric womens received only Daejo-hwan(DJH): 2pills(4g) a time, three times a day for a total 8 weeks as maintenance therapy and were followed up for 3 months. Grading of climacteric symptoms were measured by Kupperman's index(K.I.), Greene scale(G.S.) and MRS. Results : The results were as follows. 1. After DJH-treatment, the climacteric symptoms were improved and each mean score of K.I., G.S., and MRS reduced significantly. 2. At 3 months after the end of treatment(EOT), each mean score of K.1., G.S., and MRS reduced significantly as compared with Baseline, and increased significantly as compared with EOT. 3. At 3 months after EOT, each climacteric symptoms kept up the favorable turn and the mean score of MRS reduced significantly as compared with Baseline, but made no significant difference as compared with EOT. Conclusion : In this study, we can consider the DJH-treatment therapeutic effect was kept up for 3 months after EOT and recurrence symptoms did not appeared after EOT to climacteric womens.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2007

Anatomy: The rotator cuff comprises four muscles-the subscapularis, the supraspinatus, the infraspinatus and the teres minor-and their musculotendinous attachments. The subscapularis muscle is innervated by the subscapular nerve and originates on the scapula. It inserts on the lesser tuberosity of the humerus. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus are both innervated by the suprascapular nerve, originate in the scapula and insert on the greater tuberosity. The teres minor is innervated by the axillary nerve, originates on the scapula and inserts on the greater tuberosity. The subacromial space lies underneath the acromion, the coracoid process, the acromioclavicular joint and the coracoacromial ligament. A bursa in the subacromial space provides lubrication for the rotator cuff. Etiology: The space between the undersurface of the acromion and the superior aspect of the humeral head is called the impingement interval. This space is normally narrow and is maximally narrow when the arm is abducted. Any condition that further narrows this space can cause impingement. Impingement can result from extrinsic compression or from loss of competency of the rotator cuff. Syndrome: Neer divided impingement syndrome into three stages. Stage I involves edema and/or hemorrhage. This stage generally occurs in patients less than 25 years of age and is frequently associated with an overuse injury. Generally, at this stage the syndrome is reversible. Stage II is more advanced and tends to occur in patients 25 to 40 years of age. The pathologic changes that are now evident show fibrosis as well as irreversible tendon changes. Stage III generally occurs in patients over 50 years of age and frequently involves a tendon rupture or tear. Stage III is largely a process of attrition and the culmination of fibrosis and tendinosis that have been present for many years. Treatment: In patients with stage I impingement, conservative treatment is often sufficient. Conservative treatment involves resting and stopping the offending activity. It may also involve prolonged physical therapy. Sport and job modifications may be beneficial. Nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs(NSAIDS) and ice treatments can relieve pain. Ice packs applied for 20 minutes three times a day may help. A sling is never used, because adhesive capsulitis can result from immobilization.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.506-511
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• 2003

DSC를 이용하여 acom starch와 com starch 및 starch-saccharide-water system 의 겔화와 노화에 관한 열적 메카니즘을 알아보았다. 전분에 fructose와 maltose를 첨가한 starch-saccharide-water 계의 엔탈피를 측정한 결과, 당을 첨가하지 않은 경우의 엔탈피 값보다 컸으며 겔화 온도 역시 증가하였는데 이는 당이 물과 상호 작용하여 비결정성 영역에 흡수된 자유수가 감소하고 결정부분이 안정화되어 겔화가 일어나는 것을 지연시키기 때문이라고 생각되었다. 노화 엔탈피는 acorn starch 와 com starch에 대해 1일 ∼ 14일까지 저장시간에 따르는 변화를 관찰한 결과, 저장시간이 길어짐에 따라 엔탈피 값이 유의성 있게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 이는 amylopectin 의 재결정화가 서서히 일어나기 때문으로 보였다. 또한 s-s-w system의 노화과정을 관찰한 결과, 저장시간이 길어짐에 따라 엔탈피 값이 증가하다가 7일이 지나면서부터는 일정해졌다. 이는 당이 amylopectin의 재결정화를 정지시켜서 노화를 지연시키기 때문으로 판단되었다. 당의 첨가가 노화에 미치는 영향은 fructose와 maltose 중에서 maltose의 노화지연 효과가 더 컸는데 이는 전분 겔 계를 안정시키는 junction zone의 수와 equatorial OH 수 및 활동적인 수화상태가 증가되는 요인을 maltose가 fructose보다 더 많이 갖고 있기 때문인 것으로 설명할 수 있었다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 1998

The absolute absorbed dose can be determined according to the measurement conditions ; measurement material, detector, energy and calibration protocols. The purpose of this study is to compare the absolute absorbed dose due to the differences of measurement condition and calibration protocols for photon beams. Dosimetric measurements were performed with a farmer type PTW and NEL ionization chambers in water, solid water, and polystyrene phantoms using 6MV photon beams from Siemens linear accelerator. Measurements were made along the central axis of $10{\times}10cm$ field size for constant target to surface distance of 100cm for water, solid water and polystyrene phantom. Theoretical absorbed dose intercomparisons between TG21 and IAEA protocol were performed for various measurement combinations on phantom, ion chamber, and electrometer. There were no significant differences of absorbed dose value between TG2l and IAEA protocol. The differences between two protocols are within $1\%\;while\;the\;average\;value\;of\;IAEA\;protocol\;was\;0.5\%$ smaller than TG2l protocol. For the purpose of comparison, all the relative absorbed dose were nomalized to NEL ion chamber with Keithley electrometer and water phantom, The average differences are within $1\%,\;but\;individual\;discrepancies\;are\;in\;the\;range\;of\;-2.5\%\;to\;1.2\%$ depending upon the choice of measurement combination. The largest discrepancy of $-25\%$ was observed when NEL ion chamber with Keithley electrometer is used in solid water phantom. The main cause for this discrepancy is due to the use of same parameters of stopping power, absorption coefficient, etc. as used in water phantom. It should be mentioned that the solid water phantom is not recommended for absolute dose calibration as the alternative of water, since absorbed dose show some dependency on phantom material other than water. In conclusion, the trend of variation was not much dependent on calibration protocol. However, It shows that absorbed dose could be affected by phantom material other than water.