• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2010

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is designed to find a single global optimal point. However, the PSO needs to be modified in order to find multiple optimal points of a multimodal function. These modifications usually divide a swarm of particles into multiple subswarms; in turn, these subswarms try to find their own optimal point, resulting in multiple optimal points. In this work, we present a new PSO algorithm, called coupling PSO to find multiple optimal points of a multimodal function based on coupling particles. In the coupling PSO, each main particle may generate a new particle to form a couple, after which the couple searches its own optimal point using non-stop-moving PSO algorithm. We tested the suggested algorithm and other ones, such as clustering PSO and niche PSO, over three analytic functions. The coupling PSO algorithm was also applied to solve a significant benchmark problem, the TEAM workshop problem 22.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1448-1453
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• 2006

The Seoul Metro Line No.1 is a very complex service line which carries over 620 thousand passengers a day as a linked line to the satellites of the Seoul Metropolitan. Since the Line No.1 had its voyage service in 1974. it has been aged by the time, which resulted in the needs for the refurbishment to the new system, and as its system refurbishment was suggested to be implemented without any stop of the service, the signaling system interoperability was planned for this refurbishment, and finally it became a desirable reference of the metro signaling system overall refurbishment

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 저지대역에서 하모닉과 불요특성을 효과적으로 제거하기 위한 목적으로 박막 혹은 후박 저항을 이용한 새로운 형태의 마이크로스트립 형태의 저역통과 필터를 제안한다. 제안한 필터는 기존의 마이크로스트림형태의 저역통과 필터에 비해 20dB 이상의 불요파 제거 효과를 보인다. 설계된 저역통과 필터는 Ku 대역 위성중계기용 국부발진기의 하모닉 제거 필터로 사용되어질 수 있다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.258-259
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• 2007

In this paper, the secant method is adopted to improve a transfer function required by specific filtration properties. It is advantageous over the conventional and widely used 'Template method' in that it enables users to seek the position of a pole which will turn out to meet well the requirements of in-band insertion loss as well as stop-band rejection even after a small number of iterative steps. For validating the proposed method, the transfer function of a 4-pole waveguide filter is targeted.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2014년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.401-402
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• 2014

State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) are the key issues for the application of Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM) type battery in Idle Start Stop (ISS) system which is popularly integrated in Electric Vehicles (EVs). However, battery parameters strongly depend on SOC, current rate and temperature and significantly change over the battery life cycles. In this research, a novel method for SOC, SOH estimation which combines the Auto Regressive with external input (ARX) method using for online parameters prediction and Dual Extended Kalman Filter (DEKF) algorithm considering hysteresis is proposed. The validity of the proposed algorithm is verified by the simulation and experiments.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술회의 논문집 정보 및 제어부문 B
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• pp.727-730
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• 2003

Electric pulp test is a method to examine the vitality of dental pulp using the electrical stimulation. During the pulp test, the current stimulates intradental nerve, and makes patients painful. Some studies were accomplished to measure the responses of subjects by stimulating over the sensory threshold. In this study, we examined the time delay between pain feeling and stimulation stop in clinical situation. And we measured the activated responses(EMG in anterior belly of digastric muscle, voice, and finger span). As a result, it was verified that the minimum and maximum delay was EMG and voice, respectively. By reducing the excessive stimulus time, the unnecessary pain can be minimized using EMG that has the minimum delay.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.1471-1475
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• 2007

In this paper, a novel embedded ultra wideband (UWB) band-pass filter is presented on a FR-4 package substrate including high Dk resin coated copper (${\varepsilon}_r=30$) film. The proposed UWB filter is comprised of a parallel resonator with meander-type uniform impedance resonator (UIR) and two series resonators with high Q circular stacked spiral inductor and metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor. In order to obtain excellent attenuation characteristics by generating attenuation poles in lower and upper stop bands, a single MIM capacitor is added to each resonator. The fabricated FR-4 embedded UWB filter has insertion loss of -1.0dB and return loss of -11dB, respectively. It has also extremely wide bandwidth (over 50%) and small size ($3.7{\times}4{\times}0.77\;mm^3$) which is compatible with LTCC devices.

• 수완나부미
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.7-33
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• 2023

Numerous journalistic and literary writings about the Indian writer Rabindranath Tagore, the first Asian awardee of the Nobel Prize for Literature (1913), appeared in newspapers of colonial Vietnam. His stop-over in Saigon (Cochin China) in 1929 created political discussions in contemporary journalism and other publications. Tagore and his visit to Saigon inspired Vietnamese intellectuals and stirred diverse anti-colonial thought. This paper examines writings and images about Tagore in colonial Vietnamese journals and newspapers, reconstructing how intellectuals recalled and imagined him as they also engaged with anti-colonial thought, particularly anti-colonial modernity and anti-capitalism. Contextualizing the reception of Tagore in colonial projects of modernizing the Vietnamese colony, the paper argues that discussions inspired by Tagore's visit embody contemporary nationalist ideology.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2003

문턱 전류에서 여러 가지 kL과 양 단면 반사율 조합에 대하여 IC DFB 레이저의 파워 추출 효율과 발진 파장 분포를 구하였고 문턱 전류 이상에서의 결과와 비교하였다 양 단면 반사율의 비대칭성이 커질수록 파워 추출 효율이 큼을 알 수 있었다. 문턱 전류 이상에서 파워 추출 효율은 문턱 전류에 비하여 약간 증가하였다. kL이 커질수록 중앙 부분의 광자 밀도가 상대적으로 증가되기 때문에 파워 추출 효율은 감소하였다. 양 단면 반사율 조합의 비대칭성이 증가할수록 모드 degeneracy가 완화되어 발진 파장의 분포는 금지 대역 내에 전체적으로 고르게 분포하였다. 양 단면 반사율 조합이 AR-HR인 경우 문턱 전류와 문턱 전류 이상에서 발진 파장의 분포는 비슷한 형태를 나타냈다. 반면에 양 단면 반사율 조합이 대칭인 AR-AR인 경우 문턱 전류에서의 발진 파장의 분포는 장파장 모드와 단파장 모드 근처에 존재하였으나 문턱 전류 이상에서는 SHB 현상으로 인하여 장파장 모드에 집중적으로 분포하였다. kL이 증가할수록 금지 대역의 폭이 넓어져 발진 파장의 분포도 넓은 영역에 분포함을 알 수 있었다. AR 단면의 반사율에 따른 파워 추출 효율의 변화와 발진 파장의 분포의 변화는 매우 작았다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.237.1-237.1
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• 2014

Etching is one of the most important steps in semiconductor manufacturing. In etch process control a critical task is to stop the etch process when the layer to be etched has been removed. If the etch process is allowed to continue beyond this time, the material gets over-etched and the lower layer is partially removed. On the other hand if the etch process is stopped too early, part of the layer to be etched still remains, called under-etched. Endpoint detection (EPD) is used to detect the most accurate time to stop the etch process in order to avoid over or under etch. The goal of this research is to develop a hardware and software system for EPD. The hardware consists of an Optical Plasma Monitor (OPM) sensor which is used to continuously monitor the plasma optical emission intensity during the etch process. The OPM software was developed to acquire and analyze the data to perform EPD. Our EPD algorithm is based on the following theory. As the etch process starts the plasma generated in the vacuum is added with the by-products from the etch reactions on the layer being etched. As the endpoint reaches and the layer gets completely removed the plasma constituents change gradually changing the optical intensity of the plasma. Although the change in optical intensity is not apparent, the difference in the plasma constituents when the endpoint has reached leaves a unique signature in the data gathered. Though not detectable in time domain, this signature could be obscured in the frequency spectrum of the data. By filtering and analysis of the changes in the frequency spectrum before and after the endpoint we could extract this signature. In order to do that, first, the EPD algorithm converts the time series signal into frequency domain. Next the noise in the frequency spectrum is removed to look for the useful frequency constituents of the data. Once these useful frequencies have been selected, they are monitored continuously in time and using a sub-algorithm the endpoint is detected when significant changes are observed in those signals. The experiment consisted of three kinds of etch processes; ashing, SiO2 on Si etch and metal on Si etch to develop and evaluate the EPD system.