• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.18-25
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• 2005

Stochastic ground-motion method is adopted to simulate horizontal PGA values for the offshore Uljin earthquake recorded at nationwide seismic stations. For this purpose, the Fourier spectra are calculated at every stations based on comprehensive results of wave propagation and site effect which were previously revealed through inversion process applied to large accumulated spectral D/B. In addition, the apparent source spectrum of the offshore Uljin earthquake is estimated by removing the path and site response from the observed spectra. The distance dependent time-duration model is revised by iteratively fitting the PGA values generated by using the raw spectra data to the observed PGA data. The stochastic ground-motion method predicts the observed PGA values within a error of ${\sigma}_{log10}=0.1$. Transfer functions of a site relative to another site are estimated based on the error residual of the inversion results and used to convert PGA values at multiple stations to expected PGA values at a reference station of TJN. The converted PGA values can be used as basic data to evaluate the ground-motion attenuation relations developed for seismic hazard analysis that concerns the large damaging earthquakes.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1988

The stochastic variations were analyzed periodicity by autocorrelation, variance spectrum and Fourier series. These time series included hourly and hourly mean observations on DO, water temperature and air temperature which measured by automatic recording instrument at Guii from 1, Jan., 1986 to 23, Feb., 1986. The results of study were as follows: l. Autocorrelation coef. (lag time 120) DO($\varrho_1$= 0.9705), WT($\varrho_1$ = 0.9890), and AT($\varrho_1$ = 0.9874) were deeply related. DO and AT clearly showedr 24-hour periodicities while WT showed 23-26 hour periodicity. 2. Spectral density showed high at 24 hour in eech item and all of them showed weak peak at 12 hour. 3. The explained variance, which was a measure of the contribution of periodic function to the original time series, varied high 90.8 - 94.7%. This results showed that water qualities at Guii were affected deterministic components.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.175-184
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• 1997

The objective of this paper is to study arelationship between maximum response and its standard deviation of rotational shells that are subjected to uneven settlements. For this, the ratio, .eta, of the maximum response to standard deviation and it's approximate, .eta./sub apr/, are investigated by stochastic methods. Also, an equation for .eta./sub apr/, that is a function of predominant harmonic number is suggested. The settlements are represented by the Fourier series. Each term in the series contains two coefficients; the amplitude and the phase angle. It is assumed that phase angles are random variables and amplitudes are deterministic. To investigate the characteristics of .eta. and .eta./sub apr/, 100 phase angles for two types of artificial amplitudes spectra are used in the analysis. .eta. and .eta./sub apr/, are almost constant regardless of amplitude type, position of a shell or type of responses; they fall into from 2.0 to 2.5. .eta./sub apr/ is always close to .eta., but tends to be somewhat greater. It may be concluded that a maximum responses of rotational shells subjected to uneven settlements are .eta./sub apr/ (about 2.5) times of its standard deviation. It is considered that this result is used when we design rotational shell structures subjected to differential settlements.

• Water for future
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.23-36
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• 1982

The stochastic variations and structures of time series data on water quality were examined by employing the techniques of autocorrelation function, variance spectrum, Fourier series, autoregressive model and ARIMA model. These time series included hourly and daily observation on DO, turbidity, conductivity pH and water temperature. The measurement was made by automatic recording instrument at Noryangjin and Dook-do located in the downstream part of Han River during 1975 and 1976. Hourly water quality time series varied with the dominant 24-hour periodicity, and the 12-hour periodicity was also observed. An important factor affecting 24-hour periodic variation of DO is believed to be photosynthesis by algae. These phenomena might be attributable to periodic discharges of municipal sewage. Noryangjin site showed the more distinct 12-hour periodicity than Dook-do site did, and tidal effect might be responsible for the difference. The water quality, as measured by DO and turbidity, was better in the afternoon compared with the quality in the morning. This change can be explained by the periodic variation of DO, temperature and the amount of municipal wewage discharge. It was also observed that the water temperature at Noryangjin was higher than the temperature at Dook-do. This difference might have been caused by the pollutants that were added to the section between two sites. The correlation coefficients between some of the variables were fairly high. For example, the coefficient was -0.88 between DO and water temperature, 0.75 between turbidity and river flow, and 0.957 between water temperature and air temperature. The lag time of heat transfer from the air to the water was estimated as 24 days. The first order auto-regressive model was appropriate for explaning standardized hourly DO time series. The ARIMA model of (1, 0, 0) type provided relatively satisfactory results for daily DO time series after the removal of significant harmonic value.

• Water for future
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.201-211
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• 1989

Using the storm data which was augmented by the stochastic correlation with it's neighbors, the multiquadric equation of random surface of total storm depth is constructed. And to separate the local components from it's regionals and find the regional characteristics, a double Fourier analysis was applied to the total depths of storm data. The local components, storm residuals of each storm was assumed to be homogeneous random field and investigated with it's autocorrelation function. For the practical application, isotropic was assumed and that was identified with emprical data. Coefficients of normalized autocorrelation for all storms showed similar apperance. Using this emprical result, an example of the radial spectral distribution function which represints the spatial characteristics of rainfall over Han River Basin during 1975-1983 is presented.