• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.785-809
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• 2014

In this paper, an Adaptive nerou-based inference system (ANFIS) is being used for the prediction of shear strength of high strength concrete (HSC) beams without stirrups. The input parameters comprise of tensile reinforcement ratio, concrete compressive strength and shear span to depth ratio. Additionally, 122 experimental datasets were extracted from the literature review on the HSC beams with some comparable cross sectional dimensions and loading conditions. A comparative analysis has been carried out on the predicted shear strength of HSC beams without stirrups via the ANFIS method with those from the CEB-FIP Model Code (1990), AASHTO LRFD 1994 and CSA A23.3 - 94 codes of design. The shear strength prediction with ANFIS is discovered to be superior to CEB-FIP Model Code (1990), AASHTO LRFD 1994 and CSA A23.3 - 94. The predictions obtained from the ANFIS are harmonious with the test results not accounting for the shear span to depth ratio, tensile reinforcement ratio and concrete compressive strength; the data of the average, variance, correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation (CV) of the ratio between the shear strength predicted using the ANFIS method and the real shear strength are 0.995, 0.014, 0.969 and 11.97%, respectively. Taking a look at the CV index, the shear strength prediction shows better in nonlinear iterations such as the ANFIS for shear strength prediction of HSC beams without stirrups.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.849-864
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• 2019

One way to achieve sustainable construction is to reduce concrete consumption by use of more sustainable and higher strength concrete. Modern building codes do not cover the use of ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC) in the design of composite structures. Against such background, this paper investigates experimentally the mechanical properties of steel fibre-reinforced UHSC and then the structural behaviors of UHSC encased steel (CES) members under both concentric and eccentric compressions as well as pure bending. The effects of steel-fibre dosage and spacing of stirrups were studied, and the applicability of Eurocode 4 design approach was checked. The test results revealed that the strength of steel stirrups could not be fully utilized to provide confinement to the UHSC. The bond strength between UHSC and steel section was improved by adding the steel fibres into the UHSC. Reducing the spacing of stirrups or increasing the dosage of steel fibres was beneficial to prevent premature spalling of the concrete cover thus mobilize the steel section strength to achieve higher compressive capacity. Closer spacing of stirrups and adding 0.5% steel fibres in UHSC enhanced the post-peak ductility of CES columns. It is concluded that the code-specified reduction factors applied to the concrete strength and moment resistance can account for the loss of load capacity due to the premature spalling of concrete cover and partial yielding of the encased steel section.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2015

KCI 2012와 ACI318-11에서 확대머리 이형철근에 대한 정착길이 산정식을 제시하고 있지만 확대머리 이형철근을 이용한 겹침이음상세에 대한 규정은 없다. 또한, 정착길이 산정에 있어서 횡보강근 효과는 고려하지 않고 있다. 본연구에서는 400MPa과 500MPa 설계기준항복강도를 가지는 확대머리 이형철근에 대하여 겹침이음구간에 대한 구속상세를 평가하기 위하여 겹침이음실험을 실시하였다. 겹침이음 구간내 적용되는 구속상세는 스터럽과 Tie-down 철근이다. 실험결과, 스터럽만으로 보강된 실험체들에서 겹침이음강도 증가에 큰 영향이 없어 취성적인 파괴를 나타낸 반면에, 스터럽과 Tie-down 철근으로 보강된 실험체들은 공칭휨강도 이상의 실험휨강도와 휨거동을 나타내었다. 따라서 스터럽과 Tie-down 철근 상세는 400MPa과 500MPa의 확대머리 이형철근에 대한 겹침이음 성능향상에 기여할 수 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제18권
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 경주 금관총에서 출토된 비단벌레장식 마구류의 제작 기법에 대해 비단벌레 날개를 중심으로 조사하였다. 비단벌레 날개는 상단 골격부를 제거한 후 금동투조판 아래에 놓여 장식으로 사용되었으며, 부착성 증대를 위한 가공 흔적 등은 확인되지 않는다. 금관총에서 출토된 비단벌레장식 마구류는 안교, 등자, 행엽, 죽제장니가 있으나 등자를 제외한 마구류는 대부분 파손·유실되어 전체적인 제작방법을 확인하는데 어려움이 있었다. 비단벌레 날개의 고정 방법은 바탕재에 따라 달라지며, 목심을 바탕재로 사용하는 등자와 안교는 소형정을 사용하고 죽제장니나 철제를 바탕재로 사용하는 유물은 옻칠을 사용하여 고정 후 금동투조판으로 압착하여 결합한 것으로 확인된다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.399-409
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• 2021

The existing method to improve the coordination performance of the inner and outer parts of concrete-encased concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) composite columns by increasing the volume-stirrup ratio causes difficulties in construction due to over-dense stirrups. Thus, this paper proposes an open polygonal composite stirrup with high strength and high ductility CRB600H reinforced rebar, and seventeen specimens were constructed, and their axial compressive performance was tested. The main parameters considered were the volume-stirrup ratio, the steel tube size, the stirrup type and the stirrup strength. The test results indicated: For the specimens restrained by open octagonal composite stirrups, compared with the specimen of 0.5% volume-stirrup ratio, the compressive bearing capacity increased by 14.6%, 15.7% and 21.5% for volume-stirrup ratio of 0.73%, 1.07% and 1.61%, respectively. For the specimens restrained by open composite rectangle stirrups, compared with the specimen of 0.79% volume-stirrup ratio, the compressive bearing capacity increased by 7.5%, 6.1%, and -1.4% for volume-stirrup ratio of 1.12%, 1.58% and 2.24%, respectively. The restraint ability and the bearing capacity of the octagonal composite stirrup are better than other stirrup types. The specimens equipped with open polygonal composite stirrup not only had a higher ductility than those with the traditional closed-loop stirrup, but they also had a higher axial bearing capacity than those with an HPB300 strength grades stirrup. Therefore, the open composite stirrup can be used in practical engineering. A new calculation method was proposed based on the stress-strain models for confined concrete under different restrain conditions, and the predicted value was close to the experimental value.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.533-547
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• 2021

Calculating the shear capacity of slender reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement was the subject of numerous studies, where the eternal problem of developing a single relationship that will be able to predict the expected shear capacity is still present. Using experimental results to extrapolate formulae was so far the main approach for solving this problem, whereas in the last two decades different research studies attempted to use artificial intelligence algorithms and available data sets of experimentally tested beams to develop new models that would demonstrate improved prediction capabilities. Given the limited number of available experimental databases, these studies were numerically restrained, unable to holistically address this problem. In this manuscript, a new approach is proposed where a numerically generated database is used to train machine-learning algorithms and develop an improved model for predicting the shear capacity of slender concrete beams reinforced only with longitudinal rebars. Finally, the proposed predictive model was validated through the use of an available ACI database that was developed by using experimental results on physical reinforced concrete beam specimens without shear and compressive reinforcement. For the first time, a numerically generated database was used to train a model for computing the shear capacity of slender concrete beams without stirrups and was found to have improved predictive abilities compared to the corresponding ACI equations. According to the analysis performed in this research work, it is deemed necessary to further enrich the current numerically generated database with additional data to further improve the dataset used for training and extrapolation. Finally, future research work foresees the study of beams with stirrups and deep beams for the development of improved predictive models.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 스터럽 간격, 철근 직경 및 부식률이 이형철근의 부착강도에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 인발실험이 수행되었다. 스터럽 간격, 철근 직경 및 부식률이 상이한 12개의 인발 실험체를 RILEM RC 6 기준에 따라 제작하였다. 스터럽이 보강된 실험체에 대하여, 부식률이 3% 미만인 경우에는 부착강도가 증가하였으나, 부식률이 3%를 초과한 경우에는 부착강도가 감소하였다. 반면, 스터럽이 보강되지 않은 실험체에 대해서는, 부식률이 증가함에 따라 부착강도가 감소하였다. 스터럽 간격 및 부식률 대비, 철근 직경이 부착강도에 미치는 영향은 적은 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 스터럽 비율 및 부식률을 변수로 사용하는 인발실험체의 부착강도 회귀모형이 제시되었으며, 제안모델은 선행 모델들에 비해 낮은 오차를 나타내었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.609-614
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• 2001

This paper is to explain reasonable shear behavior that can apply usually to reinforced concrete beams on the basic concepts of existent analysis and experimental research information. This study is succession $paper^{2) 3) 4) 5)}$ of treatise announced in existing and main control variable of reinforced concrete beams with stirrups used internal force state factor($\alpha$). Shear failure of reinforced concrete beams with stirrups is Influenced greatly because of the actual geometrical shape(a/d) of the concrete and flexural reinforcement steel ratio, stirrup reinforcement ratio and concrete compression strength, size effect etc. Therefore, shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams with stirrups that flexural crack is happened can be explained easily through proper extent proposal of internal force state factor($\alpha$) that express internal force state flowing. Use existent variable truss model by analysis model to explain arch action. Also, wish to compose each failure factors and correlation with internal force state factor by function, and when diagonal cracks happens, internal force state factor($\alpha$) study whether shear stress and some effect are.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.469-486
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• 2012

This paper presents Neuro-Fuzzy (NF) based empirical modelling of torsional strength of RC beams for the first time in literature. The proposed model is based on fuzzy rules. The experimental database used for NF modelling is collected from the literature consisting of 76 RC beam tests. The input variables in the developed rule based on NF model are cross-sectional area of beams, dimensions of closed stirrups, spacing of stirrups, cross-sectional area of one-leg of closed stirrup, yield strength of stirrup and longitudinal reinforcement, steel ratio of stirrups, steel ratio of longitudinal reinforcement and concrete compressive strength. According to the selected variables, the formulated NFs were trained by using 60 of the 76 sample beams. Then, the method was tested with the other 16 sample beams. The accuracy rates were found to be about 96% for total set. The performance of accuracy of proposed NF model is furthermore compared with existing design codes by using the same database and found to be by far more accurate. The use of NF provided an alternative way for estimating the torsional strength of RC beams. The outcomes of this study are quite satisfactory which may serve NF approach to be widely used in further applications in the field of reinforced concrete structures.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2018

Reinforced concrete corbel beams (span to depth ratio of a corbel is less than one) are designed with primary reinforcement bars to account for bending moment and with the secondary reinforcement placed parallel to the primary reinforcement (shear stirrups) to resist shear force. It is interesting to note that most of the available analytical procedures employ empirical formulas for the analysis of reinforced concrete corbels. In the present work, a generalized and a simple strut and tie models were employed for the analysis of reinforced corbel beams. The models were benchmarked against experimental results available in the literature. It was shown here that increase of shear stirrups increases the load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete corbel beams. The effect of horizontal load on the load carrying capacity of the corbel beams has also been examined in the present paper. It is observed from the strut and tie models that the resistance of the corbel beam subjected to combined horizontal and vertical load did not change with increase in shear stirrups if the failure of the corbel is limited by concrete crushing. In other words, the load carrying capacity was independent of the horizontal load when failure of the beam occurred due to concrete crushing.