• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The gap prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response has been used to screen tinnitus in an animal model. Here, we examined changes in the auditory late response under various conditions of gap prepulse inhibition. Subjects and Methods: We recruited 19 healthy adults (5 males, 14 females) and their auditory late responses were recorded after various stimuli with or without gap prepulsing. The N1 and P2 responses were selected for analysis. The gap prepulse inhibition was estimated to determine the optimal auditory late response in the gap prepulse paradigm. Results: We found that the gap per se generated a response that was very similar to the response elicited by sound stimuli. This critically affected the gap associated with the maximal inhibition of the stimulus response. Among the various gap-stimulus intervals (GSIs) between the gap and principal stimulus, the GSI of 150 ms maximally inhibited the response. However, after zero padding was used to minimize artifacts after a P2 response to a gap stimulus, the differences among the GSIs disappeared. Conclusions: Overall, the data suggest that both the prepulse inhibition and the gap per se should be considered when using the gap prepulse paradigm to assess tinnitus in humans.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The gap prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response has been used to screen tinnitus in an animal model. Here, we examined changes in the auditory late response under various conditions of gap prepulse inhibition. Subjects and Methods: We recruited 19 healthy adults (5 males, 14 females) and their auditory late responses were recorded after various stimuli with or without gap prepulsing. The N1 and P2 responses were selected for analysis. The gap prepulse inhibition was estimated to determine the optimal auditory late response in the gap prepulse paradigm. Results: We found that the gap per se generated a response that was very similar to the response elicited by sound stimuli. This critically affected the gap associated with the maximal inhibition of the stimulus response. Among the various gap-stimulus intervals (GSIs) between the gap and principal stimulus, the GSI of 150 ms maximally inhibited the response. However, after zero padding was used to minimize artifacts after a P2 response to a gap stimulus, the differences among the GSIs disappeared. Conclusions: Overall, the data suggest that both the prepulse inhibition and the gap per se should be considered when using the gap prepulse paradigm to assess tinnitus in humans.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2000

In this research report, we are presenting several optimization models for cognitive systems by using stimulus-response matrix (S-R Matrix). Stimulus-response matrices are widely used for tabulating results from various experiments and cognition systems design in which the recognition and confusability of stimuli. This paper is relevant to analyze the optimization/mathematical programming models. The weakness and restrictions of the existing models are resolved by generalization considering average confusion of each subset of stimuli. Also, clustering strategies are used in the extended model to obtain centers of cluster in terms of minimal confusion as well as the character of each cluster.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2007

자극-반응(stimulus-response method)법을 이용하여 1단과 다단 혼합침강형 추출장치의 물질흐름특성을 규명하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 1단 추출장치의 혼합조의 반응특성은 CSTR과 동일한 결과를 나타내었으며 혼합-침강조의 반응특성에서는 시간 지연 효과가 나타나며, 단수가 증가할수록 시간지연효과는 증가하였다. 1단과 다단 추출장치의 반응특성 실험결과를 RTD모델 해석프로그램인 K-RTD를 이용하여 분석하여 1단 및 다단 추출기의 RTD을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 1단 및 다단 혼합침강조형 추출기의 RTD 모델에 의한 계산값과 실험값에 대한 상관 계수는 각각 0.963과 0.995로 비교적 높은 것을 확인하였다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2008

We modeled fish school movements as a capture process in relation to the purse seine method using the three steps of the stimulus-response process (i.e., input stimuli, central decision-making and output reaction). Input stimuli of the model were categorized as either physical stimuli such as visual stimulus, sound stimulus, water flow, and weather or as biological stimuli such as species and size, swimming performance, sensual sensitivity, and presence of prey or predators. The output process determining the spatial orientation of the fish school for 3-D movements was based on swimming speed and angular change in the fish response, and these movements were animated as the relative geometry between the fish school and the purse seine. Simulations were carried out for skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) schools reacting to a pelagic purse seine in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Simulation results showed that escape ratios varied from 20 to 70% by the relevant ranges in the stimulus-response thresholds, swimming speeds, and angular changes of fish schools were similar to those observed in the field. Therefore, with knowledge of relevant parameters, this model can be used to predict capture and escape probabilities of purse seine operations for different fish species or conditions.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2003

This paper deals with the difficulties involved in analyzing and designing a management system to reduce the risks and improve the productivity of new product development. In this paper, a method is described to analyze user information and determine product specifications based on a stimulus-response model, the conjoint measurement of users needs, and product characteristics deployment. The proposed method can analyze the effect of a partial price on the contribution ratio based on the order of preference of product profiles through a smaller number of product profiles. The strengths and weaknesses of this method are examined as the method is applied to the case study of a mobile computer intended for personal use.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

Electrical stimulation is delivered to auditory nerve (AN) through the electrodes in cochlear implant system. Neurogram is a spectrogram that includes information of neural response to electrical stimulation. We hypothesized that the similarity between a neurogram and an input-sound spectrogram could show how well a cochlear implant system works. In this study, we evaluated electrical stimulus configuration of CIS strategy using the computational model. The computational model includes stochastic property and anatomical features of cat auditory nerve fiber. To evaluate similarity between a neurogram and an input-sound spectrogram, we calculated Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). The results show that the dynamic range and the stimulation rate per channel influenced SSIM. Finally, we suggested the optimal configuration within the given stimulus CIS. We expect that the results and the evaluating procedure could be employed to improve the performance of a cochlear implant system.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

인간의 시각 피질을 구성하고 있는 시각 뉴런은 모든 시각적 자극에 반응하는 것이 아니라 특정한 조건을 갖춘 시각적 자극에 반응한다는 것이 생리학적 실험을 통하여 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 생리학적 실험을 해석하기 위하여 랜덤한 이득을 갖는 선형 필터를 포함하는 뉴런의 발화 특성을 시뮬레이션하고 설명할 수 있는 모델을 제안하였고 또한 제안한 모델의 선형 필터의 출력이 전체 자극 데이터의 부공간을 형성하고 있음을 실험을 통하여 증명하였다. 구현된 모델의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 서로 다른 4개의 시각적 자극 데이터들로부터 임의로 추출한 2개의 화소에 대한 값의 분포를 관찰하였다. 전체 자극 데이터와 스파이크 발화 자극 데이터의 분포로부터 중심 좌표 값 즉, 가장 많은 값이 분포하는 좌표 값을 추출하여 두 분포 사이의 차이를 확인할 수 있었고 구현된 모델이 전형적인 LNP 모델과 동일하게 전체 자극 데이터가 전체 집합일 경우 스파이크를 발생시키는 자극 데이터가 전체 자극 데이터의 부공간 임을 실험을 통하여 증명하였다. 본 연구는 시각적 자극에 대한 스파이크의 발생기전과 관련된 기초 연구로 활용할 수 있다.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.75-94
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• 2017

This study aims to develop a conceptual framework linking antecedents and consequences of online platform experience in the context of hospitality businesses. In doing so, an introduction to online platform experience in the hospitality industry was made, and environmental stimuli, that is, enablers of online platform experience were identified: information, entertainment and relation. Additionally, the theoretical review attempted to explain how customers are likely to be engaged in, and to be loyal to, the hospitality organizations' provisions in the context of online platforms. When presenting the theoretical model, a Stimulus-Organism-Response paradigm was employed to propose the hypotheses predicting positive online platform experience, which seems to derive from internally provoked cognition and affection within individuals, leading to behavioral consequences. This model is expected to be applicable to the online context, where hospitality businesses tend to adopt the concept of gamification and to implement associated loyalty programs. Finally, theoretical and practical implications, along with potential avenues of future research, were discussed.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.33-50
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• 2022

Purpose: This pilot study aims to conceptualize a new green marketing mix for retail consumers based on Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model. Moreover, it also aims to conceptualize a testable research model of new green marketing mix with consumers' green purchasing behavior, and to validate the measurement model with traditional as well as modern suggested validating techniques. Research design, data and methodology: A pilot test data from 75 respondents of retail buyers of energy-efficient electric appliances in Pakistan were tested for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) by examining a measurement model of the construct through different validation techniques (like Composite Reliability, McDonald's Omega (ω), rho (ρA), HTMT, etc.) as heretofore these scales were not validated through these modern methods. Results: The results revealed that the instrument has a certain degree of reliability and validity through different validating techniques. All the measurement items reach the suggested threshold values. Conclusions: Therefore, this study conceptualized an integrated framework of all the three stakeholders of the environment (government, companies, and public or consumers) to achieve environmental sustainability. Hence, future studies can extend these findings and conduct a full-scale study to establish an empirical relationship between the 5G's of green marketing for retailing businesses and consumers' green purchase behavior.