• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.413-419
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• 2012

Objective: This study presents an observation and analysis on behavioral characteristics of old users in comparison to young users in the use of control on display interface. Background: Touch interface which allows users to control directly on display, is conceived as delight and easy way of human-computer interaction. Due to the advantage in stimulus-response ensemble, the old users, who typically experiencing difficulties in interacting with computer, would expected to have better experience in using computing machines. Method: Twenty nine participants who are over 50 years old and 14 participants who are in 20s years old were participated in this study. Three primary tasks in touch interface, which are tap, move, and flick, were delivered by the users. For the tap task, response time and point of touch response were collected and the response bias was calculated for each trial. For the move task, delivery time and the distance of finger movements were recorded for each trial. For the flick task, task completion time and flicking distance were recorded. Results: From the collected behavioral data, temporal and spatial differences between young and old users behavior were analyzed. The older users showed difficulty in completing move task requiring eye-hand coordination.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.391-396
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• 1999

It is well known that fish hear a wide frequency range of sound using both laterial line and inner ear, and the sound is probably the most effective channel for long-range communication underwater than any other stimulus.The auditory threshold of svenband grouper, Epinephelus septem fasciatus was determined by conditioning method using a sound coupled with electric shock in a tank. The audio-signals and electric shock used in the experiment were pure tones of 100 to 1000Hz and DC 6n.The response of fish to the sound was observed by ECG intervals from precordial leads method (V1·V2 method). The auditory threshold curve for sevenband grouper was V-shaped, with most sensitive threshold at 350Hz in the range of 100~1000Hz. The Sevenband grouper were more sensitive to sounds of 200~400Hz than to adjacent frequencies.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

Background: The role of nitric oxide(NO) in analgesia from opioids is controversial. On the one hand, IV morphine analgesia is enhanced by IV injection of NO synthase inhibitors. On the other hand, IV morphine results in increased release of NO in the spinal cord. There have been no behavioral studies examining the interaction between IV morphine and intrathecal injection of drugs which affect NO synthesis. Method: Rats were prepared with chronic lumbar intrathecal catheters and were tested withdrawal latency on the hot plate after 3~5 days of surgery. Antinociception was determinined in response to a heat stimulus to the hind paw before and after IV injection of morphine, 2.5 mg/kg. Twenty minutes after morphine injection, rats received intrathecal injection of saline or the NO synthase inhibitors, L-NMMA or TRIM, the NO scavenger, PTIO, or the NO synthase substrate, L-Arginine. Intrathecal injections, separated by 15 min, were made in each rats and measurements were obtained every 5 min. Result: Mophine produced a 60~70% maximal antinociceptive response to a heat stimulus in all animals for 60 min in control experiments. Intrathecal injection of idazoxane decreased antinociception of IV morphine. The NO synthase inhibitors and the NO scavenger produced dose-dependent decreases in antinociceptive effect of morphine, whereas saline as a control group and L-Arginine as the NO substrate had no effect on antinociception of morphine. Conclusion: The present study supports the evidences that systemic morphine increase the nitrite in cerebrospinal fluid and dorsal horn. These data suggest that the synthesis of NO in the spinal cord may be important to the analgesic effect of IV morphine and increased NO in spinal cord has different action from the supraspinal NO.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.405-416
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 파동해석 기법을 활용하여 추종관계인 두 차량의 속도 파동으로부터 개별 운전자의 반응특성을 분석할 수 있는 방법론을 개발하였다. 선행차량 속도 파동과 임의의 시간 ${\tau}$만큼 지연된 후행차량 속도 파동의 푸리에 변환을 통해 상호상관함수와 상호 스펙트럼을 산출하고 상호상관계수를 도출함으로써 (1)후행차량의 반응시간과 (2)후행차량의 자극순응지수를 도출하는 방법론을 개발하였고, 현장에서 수집된 170건의 추종 자료에 적용한 결과, 자극순응지수는 평균 0.654로 나타났고, 반응시간은 평균 2.091초인 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 운전자 반응특성 지수는 자율주행차량과 일반차량이 혼재된 교통류에서 자율주행차량의 안전하고 효율적인 경로계획 수립을 위하여 주변 차량의 운전행태 특성을 반영한 의사결정과정에 유효하게 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.597-606
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• 1998

The purposes of the study were 1) to evaluate the visual image of colored Korean traditional dress for woman 2) to analyze the colors and, color combinations effect on the image perception using gestalt theory. The research method was a quasi-experimental with a between subjects design. The experimental materials developed for the study were a set of stimuli and a response scale. The stimuli was consisted of 17 drawings of females wearing Korean tradinational dress, by using CAD simulation. A response scale consisted of semantic differential scales. The subjects were 1138 undergraduate students of Taejon city, Chungnam province and Chungbuk province. Their responses to the semantic differential scales were analyzed using factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, 1-test. Results were as follows; 1) The image of the stimulus was consisted of the 4 different dimensions.(sociability, evaluation, visibility, attractiveness) 2) Clothing colors had significant effects on image perception of the evaluation dimension, visibility dimension and attractiveness dimension in the mono-color set. The blue showed the most positive image on the evaluation dimension, and the yellow and the gray showed negative image on the same dimension. The yellow showed the most salient image and the gray showed the least salient image on the visibility dimension. The red showed the most attractive image and the green showed the least attractive image on the attractiveness dimension. 3) In hi-color set stimulus, the perceived image was influenced by color combinations. The yellow blouse-the red skirt set showed the most sociable image on the sociability dimension. The blue blouse-the green skirt set showed the most positive image on the evaluation dimension. The yellow blouse-the red skirt set showed the most salient image and the blue blouse-the green skirt set showed the least salient image on the visibility dimension. And the red blouse-the yellow skirt set showed the most attractive image on the attractiveness dimension. On conclusion the visual image of Korean traditional dress wearer was affected by dress colors and color combinations.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to determine the experiences of the disaster response team 9 participants who participated in the disaster after the fire incident occurred in Jecheon Sports Center and their meaning and essence. Methods : Nine disaster response teams were the subjects of the study, and Individual in-depth interviews were conducted. Data were collected online between January 6 and April 30, 2021, from the software Zoom^TM. This study was conducted as a qualitative study by applying Giorgi's phenomenological experiential research method, which has an advantage in revealing the essential structure and meaning of experience. Results : Three major themes were derived from the study results: the stimulus through unfamiliar experiences, the grievances due to work environment and regional characteristics, and dullness resulting from hiding and enduring. The following 17 sub-themes were identified: learning through unfamiliar experiences, frustration due to unexpected circumstances, shock from unfamiliar experiences, doing my best in the present, confidence due to increased experience, disunified system, intervention of various interests, the atmosphere that puts responsibility on others, inactive help, unforgettable regional characteristics, working without time to settle, tolerating it in my own way, memories left in the unconsciousness, sudden suffering from memories that come to mind, movement in anxiety and tension, dullness, work with colleagues in the same situation. Conclusion : This study is meaningful in that it attempted to provide basic data in preparing a long-term strategy for effective policy direction and institutional protection based on the systematic mental health management of the disaster response team. Additionally, this study's results can be used as primary data for future research among Disaster Response Team.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.75-91
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• 2020

본 연구는 소비자 공감반응의 여러 가지 측면에 대한 이론적 근거를 바탕으로 소비자 스스로가 자기 공감화하는 과정으로 확장할 수 있는지에 대한 문제제기와 함께 탐색적 차원에서 심층면접을 적용하여 확인하고자 하였다. 소비자 공감과 관련된 대부분의 연구들은 공감이론을 바탕으로 소비자 공감의 반응적 차원을 이성적, 감성적 차원으로 구분을 하고 있으며, 현재의 관점에서 제시되는 자극에 국한하여 소비자가 지각하는 공감적 반응을 살펴보고 있다는 특징이 있다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 여기서 한 단계 더 나아가 소비자 스스로가 해당 콘텐츠에 대하여 재생산 및 재개발 과정의 창조적 거리를 형성하는 자기공감화의 과정으로 나아감으로써 궁극적으로 자아성찰 단계로 나아갈 수 있음을 확인하고자 하였다. 심층면접을 통한 탐색적 연구결과, 특정 마케팅 자극에 대한 소비자의 공감적 반응은 선행연구들이 강조하고 있는 차원과 함께 보다 창조적이고 자기공감적 차원에서도 존재하고 있음이 간접적으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 소비자 공감적 반응은 단순히 하나의 단일차원을 넘어 다차원적 구조를 형성함과 동시에 공감적 자기화의 확장적 구조로 나아갈 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 소비자의 공감적 반응이 특정 차원으로 설명되기보다는 공감적 반응의 연속성 측면에서 총체적으로 파악해야 함을 시사한다. 본 연구가 탐색적인 성격의 초기 연구로서 의의를 가지지만 여러 가지 내용적 타당성의 보완 및 연구방법의 정교화는 후속연구를 통하여 보완을 해야 할 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구를 통하여 소비자 공감의 반응이 타인공감을 넘어 창조적 차원의 자기공감으로 확장될 수 있다는 이해의 폭이 확장됨과 동시에, 향후 이와 관련된 많은 후속 연구들이 파생될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 센서 박막재료 반도체재료 기술교육
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• pp.47-50
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• 2002

The displacemant current measuring system used for detecting the dynamic behavior of monolayers at the air-water interface is described. It basically consists of a film balance, a pair of electrodes connected to each other through a sensitive ammeter. Here, one electrode is suspended in air and the other electrode is placed in the water. With Maxwell-displacement-current-measuring method, the phase transitons of $Poly-{\gamma}-benzyl_{L}$ -glutamate (PBLG) and $Poly-{\gamma}-benzyl_{D}$-glutamate(PBDG) on a water surface were detected. Measured surface pressure, displacement current and dipole moment of monolayers of PBLG and PBDG on the water surface. Also, we measured that compression velocity (30, 40, 50[mm/min]) when the sample spread volume was about 370[ul]-400[ul] and displacement current that occur when differed temperature. From the result, it is known that current is generated in the range of high surface pressures as compression velocity become faster and increase of temperature.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술회의 논문집 정보 및 제어부문 B
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• pp.727-730
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• 2003

Electric pulp test is a method to examine the vitality of dental pulp using the electrical stimulation. During the pulp test, the current stimulates intradental nerve, and makes patients painful. Some studies were accomplished to measure the responses of subjects by stimulating over the sensory threshold. In this study, we examined the time delay between pain feeling and stimulation stop in clinical situation. And we measured the activated responses(EMG in anterior belly of digastric muscle, voice, and finger span). As a result, it was verified that the minimum and maximum delay was EMG and voice, respectively. By reducing the excessive stimulus time, the unnecessary pain can be minimized using EMG that has the minimum delay.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.127-134
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to observe the control effect of hypersensitivity after periodontal treatment in the 19% microcrystalline hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste for the subject of 85 persons of both sexes, who complained hypersensitivity. At 2 weeks and 4 weeks after periodontal treatment, comparison of control effect was performed between the 19% microcrystalline hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste group and control group. The result were as follows, 1. The main causes of dentin hypersensitivity are the root exposure with gingival recession and cervical abrasion. 2. The occurance rate of hypersensitive tooth in the upper jaw was higher than that of the lower jaw, and more or less, the molar area showed more occlurance of hypersensitivity than the premolar and incisor area in both jaw. 3. Patients showed very sensitive response to the thermal stimulus, especially cold stimulus. 4. Exellent control effect of hypersensitivity in 19% microcrystalline hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste group showed 83.02% at 2weeks, 92.45% at 4weeks and these values were higher than the control group. In conclusion, we find that 19% microcrystalline hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste have the control effect of hypersensitivity and the proper toothbrushing method is the key in attaining more effectiveness of the toothpaste.