• Title/Summary/Keyword: sterilization condition

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Preparation of Semi-Solid Apple-Based Baby Food (반고형 사과 이유보충식의 제조)

  • Sohn, Kyung-Hee;Kim, Mi-Ran;Yim, Sung-Kyoung;Park, Hyun-Kyung;Park, Ok-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.43-50
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    • 2002
  • To develop commercial semi-solid apple baby food, the physicochemical characteristics of apple puree in relation to different preparing methods and the effect of the addition methods of ascorbic acid on browning reaction were investigated. The preparing methods were classified into 3 groups by initial heating treatment: no heating (A), steaming at $120^{\circ}C$ (B), and blancing at $100^{\circ}C$ (C). The viscosity of tested apple puree was $2,600{\sim}5,856\;cp$, and contents of anhydrogalaturonic acid (AGA) and neutral sugar ranged $4.15{\sim}11.92\;mg%$ and $6.18{\sim}10.65\;mg%$, respectively. Among free sugars tested, level of fructose was the highest $(5.43{\sim}8.87%)$, followed by glucose $(2.11{\sim}4.23%)$, sucrose $(1.64{\sim}2.94%)$, in that order. Since small amounts of ascorbic acid were detected $(1.54{\sim}1.83\;mg%)$, it seemed to be lost by heating process in preparing of apple puree. For apple puree A, its lightness was lower and redness was higher than those of apple puree B and C. Its degree of browning of apple puree was so high that sodium ascorbic acid was added as a antibrowning agent. Puree had low sensory score and nutrient quality. The adding methods of ascorbic acid were classified into 4 groups by adding time: dipping, blending (2), heating (3), and blending + heating (4). Considering color and preference evaluation, preparing method B and adding method 2 showed the highest inhibitory activity on apple puree browning and desirable color for retort baby food. After retort sterilization, the viscosity of apple baby food was decreased from 3,477 cp to 2,294 cp, thiamin was destroyed completely, and the contents of riboflavin and ascorbic acid were decreased 41% and 21%, respectively. However, contents of free sugar and free amino acid and sensory parameter were not influenced by retort sterilization. In overall, the preparing method B-adding method 2 was a good processing condition for the retort apple baby food.

Cultural Condition for the mycelial growth of Ganoderma lucidum on Cereals (곡물을 이용한 영지버섯의 균사체 배양조건)

  • Jung, In-Chang;Kim, Seon-Hee;Kwon, Yong-Il;Lee, Jae-Sung
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.24 no.1 s.76
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    • pp.81-88
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    • 1996
  • Cereals were used as solid-substrate for the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum. The hydration time with cold water appeared to be 10, 11 and 12 hours for Malt, Danyeob and Black soybeans respectively, and the water content was enough for mycelial growth in this condition. The hydration times required for sorghum, job's tears, barley, brown rice and wheat were 2.5, 4, 5, 10 and 12 hours respectively, but the final water content was much less than optimum water content (65%). Hot water reduced the hydration time of soybeans, and the water content reached to 65% within $120{\sim}150$mins. This condition showed the optimum for the mycelial growth. For the other cereals, it took about $17{\sim}120$ mins to reach the optimum water content (65%). From this result, hot water was better than cold water for the hydration of cereals. We attempted to develop a practically applicable process by combining the soaking and sterilization. This process was successful with soybean and about 1.1 times of water based on the weight of soybean appeared to be suitable. In all varieties of cereal, the water content of 65% appeared to be the best for the growth of the fungi and production of glucosamine related to the amount of mycelium. The mycelial growth rate in accordance with kinds of solid-state materials was in the order of barley > wheat > job's tears > sorghum > brown rice > soybean. The glucosamine content for determing the mycelial growth in solid material was in the order of wheat> barley > brown rice > job's tears > sorghum > soybean.

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Combined Effect of Heat Treatment and Gamma Irradiation on the Shelf-Stability and Quality of Packaged Kimchi during Accelerated Storage Condition (가열 및 감마선 조사 병용처리가 가속저장 포장 김치의 저장안정성 및 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Mi-Jung;Park, Jin-Gyu;Kim, Jae-Hun;Park, Jae-Nam;Lee, Hyun-Joo;Kim, Wang-Geun;Lee, Ju-Woon;Byun, Myung-Woo
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.531-537
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of heating and gamma irradiation on the shelf-stability and quality of kimchi during storage at $35^{\circ}C$. The optimum condition for heat treatment of kimchi was considered at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Irradiation after kent treatment was effective to inhibit the growth of microorganisms and prevent the quality change of kimchi during storage. In particular, microorganisms of kimchi co-treated with heat and 20 kGy-irradiation were not detected and sensory scores of that were the highest after storage at $35^{\circ}C$ for 14 days. Therefore, combination treatment of heat and irradiation was considered as the effective method to improve the shelf-stability of kimchi in the accelerated condition.

A Study on the Optimization of Ballast Water Treatment System for Scale-up (선박평형수 처리장치의 Scale-up을 위한 조건 최적화 연구)

  • Kang, Ahyoung;Song, Ju Yeong
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.54 no.5
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    • pp.630-635
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    • 2016
  • In the prior work, we studied a ballast water treatment apparatus, which is secondary pollution free by using physical treatment of shear stress. The principle of this apparatus is smashing various microorganisms by shear stress generated between stationary outer cylinder and revolving inner cylinder. Because of various magnitude of shear stress according to the inner cylinder surface type and revolution speed, an appropriate surface type and optimum revolution speed should be studied by consecutive experiment to determine the reference data for commercial apparatus. Through a comparative study of disk type and cylinder type of ballast water treatment apparatus, cylinder type is turned out to be superb to disk type. In this study, we studied to determine the superior collaboration of cylinder type, groove type and knurling type of inner cylinder to non patterned outer cylinder, and to optimize the revolution speed and flow rate according to the gap between inner cylinder and outer cylinder. As a result, we could get perfect sterilization effect at groove type under the conditions of 250 mL/min of flow rate at 8,000 rpm and 500 mL/min of flow rate at 10,000 rpm respectively.

Status and Prospect of Weed Control Technology for Organic Farming (유기농업을 위한 잡초방제기술의 현재 미래)

  • 전용웅
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.127-140
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    • 1998
  • Organic farming excludes any use of the herbicide. The present paper reviews what can be done for effective weed control with existing weed control technology by farmers crop-ping paddy rice, field crops, vegetables, and fruit trees. If condition of the crop-land-al-lows diversified rotational use of the paddy land as paddy and upland field would minimize weed problem. Practising this is limited in acreage due to extremely limited governmental investment to the land for the purpose. Secondly, rotation of crops in the upland field breaking life cycles of various weeds adapted to each crop should reduce the weed problem. This is also limited as only a few crops are making the farmer profitable. In addition climate and tolerance of crops to high and low temperature. Monsoon rains and poor drainage restrict the freedom of choice. For any crop land year-round multiple cropping in denser planting shall lessen the weed problem, this multiple cropping practiced by 1960s has been abandoned due to laborshortage and increased production cost. Deep flooding the rice is impractical at present in Korean. Mulching crop with transparent, black , or combinated polyethylene sheet, hs been in-creasingly used. Progresses in development and use of mulch with allelopathic crop residues. inexpensive paper mulch, allelopathic crop residues, inexpensive paper mulch, allelopathic crop cultivar development, recently developed ex-perimental weeding machinaries, flamers, microbial herbicides, biological control organisms, soil sterilization techniques have been critically reviewed for their adoption into existing in-tegrated weeding system. Unfortunately, information on cost-benifit, and labor-benefit, for the various methods above mentioned are lacking. Urgent need for the research on rational weeding in organic farming, and herbicide low-input farming is emphasized.

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Electricity Production from Fe[III]-reducing Bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens in Microbial Fuel Cell (미생물 연료전지에서 Fe[III] 환원 미생물 Geobacter sulfurreducens를 이용한 전기 생산)

  • Lee, Yu-Jin;Oh, You-Kwan;Kim, Mi-Sun
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.498-504
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    • 2008
  • Metal-reducing bacterium, Geobacter sulfurreducens is available for mediator-less microbial fuel cell (MFC) because it has biological nanowires(pili) which transfer electrons to outside the cell. In this study, in the anode chamber of the MFC system using G. sulfurreducens, the concentrations of NaCl, sodium phosphate and sodium bicarbonate as electrolytes were mainly optimized for the generation of electricity from acetate. 0.4%(w/v) NaClO and 0.5M $H_2SO_4$ could be utilized for the sterilization of acrylic plates and proton exchange membrane (major construction materials of the MFC reactor), respectively. When NaCl concentration in anode phosphate buffer increased from 5 to 50 mM, power density increased from 6 to $20\;mW/m^2$. However, with increasing sodium phosphate buffer concentration from 5 to 50 mM, power density significantly decreased from 18 to $1\;mW/m^2$. Twenty-four mM sodium bicarbonate did not affect electricity generation as well as pH under 50 mM phosphate buffer condition. Optimized anode chamber of MFC using G. sulfurreducens generated relatively high power density ($20\;mW/m^2$) with the maximum coulombic efficiency (41.3%).

Analysis of surface form change after performing prophylaxis procedure on implant surface using various oral hygiene instruments (다양한 구강위생기구를 이용하여 임플란트 표면의 Prophylaxis 시행시 표면형태의 변화분석)

  • Lee, Sun-Goo;Lim, Sung-Bin;Chung, Chin-Hyung;Kwon, Sang-Ho
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.1-17
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    • 2004
  • It is improtant that performing prophylaxis procedure on an infected implant surface in order to treat peri-implantitis should not change the surface roughness and composition, so that the surface can be recovered to almost same condition as initial implant surface. This thesis, therefore, studied an effect of various oral hygiene instrument on implant surface. A surface roughness measurement instrument and an infection electron microscope were used to observe a change on surface. The purpose of this study was to obtain a clinical guidelines during implant care and peri-implantitis treatment. The result were as follows 1. Ra values (surface roughness value) at experimental group 1, group 2, and group 5 were increased significantly as compared with comparison group(p<0.05). 2. When compared experimental group 1 with each experimental groups at which prohylaxis procedure was performed, mean values of Ra at experimental group 2, group 3, group 6, and group 7 were decreased significantly(p<0.05). 3. Mean value of Ra was lowest at experimental group 2, and highest at experimental group 2, and highest at experimental group 5. 4. Analysis of SEM showed that was significant surface change at experimental group 2, group 3, group 4, group 5, and group 6 as compared with comparison group(X1000). 5. Analysis fo EDX showed that a quantity of Ti on surface for experimental group 6 was very similar to that for comparison group. In conclusion, air-powder abrasive and citric acid, plastic instrument are safe methods to use for performing prophylaxis procedure on implant care or for cleaning and sterilization process on treatment of peri-implantitis, based on the result that those method did not affect implant surface roughness and Ti composition.

Culture Condition for Listeria monocytogenes 1421 Biofilm Formation and the Effect of Kimchi on Biofilm (Biofilm 형성을 위한 Listeria monocytogenes 1421의 배양 조건과 김치에 의한 영향)

  • Kim, Eun-Ah;Mang, So-Yeon;Seong, Jong-Hwan;Lee, Young-Guen;Kim, Han-Soo;Kim, Dong-Seob
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.692-696
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    • 2012
  • $Listeria$ $monocytogenes$, a fatal food-borne pathogenic bacteria, can form a biofilm on many different supports. The biofilm gives $L.$ $monocytogenes$ more viability and resistance to disinfectants and sterilization procedures.$L.$ $monocytogenes$ formed biofilms on various culture vessels tested in this experiment and showed the maximum amount of biofilm when it was cultured for 4 days at $30^{\circ}C$ in BHI broth. In this study, biofilm formation was stimulated or inhibited by addition of different Kimchi samples. That was not in accordance with the effect of Kimchi on the growth of $L.$ $monocytogenes$.

Biochemical Studies on Korean Fermented Foods. (IX) Variation of Vitamin $B_{12}$ during the Kimchi Fermentation Period (한국 발효식품에 대한 생물화학적 연구 (제9보) 침채류의 발효에 따르는 $VitaminB_{12}$의 변화에 대하여)

  • Lee, In-Jae;Haw, Kum;Kim, Sung-Ikk
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.53-55
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    • 1959
  • In order to confirm on production of vitamin $B_{12}$ during the kimchi fermentation period, the variation of its content is studied in this paper As a sample of kimchi for this fermentation study due to the seasonal condition, nabakkimchi which is aseasonal one in early spring, is prepared by author. The content of vitamin $B_{12}$ is estimated by the microbiological assay method using lactobacillus leichmannii A Tee 7830. Details for assay are indicated in the original part. And the pseudo-vitamin $B_{12}$ substances as thymidine which is active to the growth of lactobacillus leichmannii, are eliminated by the alkali treatment method of sample solution, According to the results shown in table 2 and 3 and figures 1 to 4, the following conclusions are summerized; 1. Vitamin $B_{12}$ produced during the fermentation period of kimchi. And the content of this vitamin during its optimum fermentation period, is much higher content compared with the theoretically calculated amount from its materials, This has been confirmed at the repeated experiment. The trend of variation during its period is indicated at the figures. 2. The sterilized kimchi inhibited the fermentation by sterilization at the preparation, did not increased its content showing only its theoretically calculated amount.

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Artificial cultivation of Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus linteus using Mulberry logs

  • Hong, In-Pyo;Sung, Gyoo-Byung;Chung, In-Mo;Lee, Won-Chu
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.74-81
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    • 2002
  • The optimal conditions for mycelial growth of P. linteus ASI 26011 were 25-30$^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0, respectively. The mycelial growth of P. linteus was excellent on MCM medium. In case of carbon sources, the mycelial growth of P. linteus was best on the culture media that were contained with sucrose, mannose and glucose. Potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate were good for the mycelial growth of P. linteus as a nitrogen source. For comparison of the mycelial colonization of P. linteus on logs, several techniques of inoculation were tested; the sterilized short log inoculation, drilling inoculation and log-end sandwich inoculation. The mycelial colonization of P. linteus on logs was good in the treatment of sterilized short log inoculation, but poor in the traditional methods such as drilling inoculation and log-end sandwich. The initial mycelial growth and the full mycelial colonization of P. linteus were the best on 20 cm logs under the condition of 42% of moisture content in log. Also the initial mycelial growth of P. linteus was accelerated over 12 hours of sterilization. Burying method of logs after 5-6 months of incubation was the best for formation of basidiocarp of P. linteus. The formation of fruiting body of P. linteus was quite good in the cultivation house at the 31-35$^{\circ}C$ and over 96% of relative humidity.