• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.827-833
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• 1995

살균 매체로서 스팀에 의해 가열된 열수와 공기의 혼합물을 사용하는 열수식 살균기에 대하여 1회 살균시 파우치의 투입량을 달리 하면서 온도 분포 시험을 행하였다. 시험에 사용된 살균 tank의 부피는 5,900 liter정도이며 190g 용량의 레토르트 파우치를 최대 6000개까지 한번에 살균할 수 있다. 설정 살균 온도 및 시간은 $122^{\circ}C$ 및 23분이었고 살균중 압력은 $1.8{\sim}2.0\;kg/cm^2$로 유지시켰다. 살균중 평균 온도가 가장 높았던 부분은 살균기 윗부분이었고 중간 부분과 아fot부분은 뚜렷한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 예비 살균 시간과 냉각 시간을 뺀 실제 살균 시간중 최대 평균 온도차는 파우치를 투입하지 않았을때(P-0)와 3000개의 파우치를 투입하였을 때(P-3000)에는 $1.7^{\circ}C$ 이하로 양호한 수준이었으나 6000개의 파우치를 투입하였을 때(P-6000)에는 $1.9^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 다소 높은 수준이었다. 평균 온도에 대한 표준 편차도 위치에 따라 다소간의 차이는 있었지만 6000개의 파우치를 살균할때에는 상대적으로 큰 편이었다. 즉석 카레 소스는 살균시 broken heating curve의 경향을 나타내었고 살균중 평균 온도가 가장 높은 부분과 가장 낮은 부분에서 측정된 즉석 카레 소스의 살균도(F값)의 차이는 10.93으로 나타났다. 관능검사 결과 10.93의 차이는 즉석 카레 소스의 품질에 영향을 미치지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.415-420
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• 1990

수확된 생홍고추의 손실을 방지하고 건조에 소요되는 노력과 경비를 절감코자 생홍고추 페이스트 가공공정 및 저장가능성에 관하여 실험하였다. 생홍고추 페이스트는 10%염을 첨가하므로서 pH4.5 이하로 산성화시킬 수가 있어 Clostridium botulinum포자의 생육을 억제시킬 수가 있어 살균시간을 $100^{\circ}C$에서 10분간으로 단축시키는 것이 가능하였다. 또한 $5^{\circ}C$이하 저온저장시 6개월 이상 성상 및 품질의 변화를 거의 볼 수가 없었다. 따라서 염을 10% 첨가하고 열처리만을 하여 제조한 생홍고추 페이스트는 생홍고추의 싱싱함을 그대로 유지 할 수 있었으며 생홍고추를 페이스트로 제조한다면 $5^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 6재월 이상 장기적으로 저장할 수 있었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.431-436
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• 1998

통전가열(ohmic heating)을 사과주스의 가열 살균에 적용해보기 위하여 가열기 형태와 전압, 파형, 주파수 등 전기적 요소가 사과주스 모델용액의 통전가열 속도에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 100 VAC, 60 Hz의 상용전류를 이용한 통전가열시 컬럼형 가열기에서 전극간의 간격이 29, 22, 17 mm로 줄어듬에 따른 모델용액의 가열속도는 $7.8,\;21.0,\;47.4^{\circ}C/min$으로 크게 증가하였으며 또한 전극의 수를 병렬로 1, 2, 3쌍으로 증가시킬 시에도 $29.2,\;49.8,\;74.6^{\circ}C/min$으로 비례적으로 증가하여 전극의 간격이 작을수록, 전극의 표면적이 증가할수록 가열속도는 크게 빨라지는 것으로 나타났다. $60\;Hz{\sim}60\;kHz$ 범위의 주파수 변화에 따른 가열속도 차이는 나타나지 않았으며 파형에 따른 가열속도는 positive saw tooth wave를 제외하고 변화가 거의 없었다. 전압을 40에서 100 VAC로 높임에 따라 가열속도는 $9.5^{\circ}C/min$에서 $83^{\circ}C/min$로 크게 증가하여 전압과 가열속도는 정비례 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 통전가열과 상업적 살균방법으로 제조한 사과주스 간에는 이화학적 특성의 차이가 없었다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate self management and subjective chewing ability and provide the basic information to research of healthy life of old people from development of education and method for dental health of denture patient. Methods: From 15th or August to 15th of September in Daegu and Gyeong-buk, denture patients were targeted for a survey. Data from 295 people were analyzed. Results: Adjusted $R^2$ of oral health and denture satisfaction of an object of study increased to 24.9%(F=20.460, p<.001). Adjusted $R^2$ of denture custody and method of sterilization was 37.8% and Adjusted $R^2$ of recognition denture satisfaction of chewing effect was 14.4% which affect to most(F=9.274, p<.001). Conclusion: In conclusion denture condition, denture custody, method of sterilization, chewing effect influence oral health, healthy life of patients who have denture.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.709-722
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• 2011

This study was investigated to obtain basic data which can be applied to processing of retort pouched seasoned sea mussel. Shell was washed and steamed before shucking. Sea mussel meat was seasoned in boiled and mixed seasoning sauce(soy sauce 23%, monosodiun glutamate 2%, sorbitol 2%, sesame oil 1%, vinegar 2%, starch syrup 15%, water 55%) for 30 min. The seasoned sea mussel was vacuum packed in plastic film bag and sterilized for various Fo values(Fo 7~13 min.) in a hot water circulation system retort at $121^{\circ}C$. The chemical composition such as pH, VBN, amino-N, total amino acid, free amino acid, color value (L, a, b), texture profile, TBA value, mineral, sensory evaluation and viable cells count of the retort pouched seasoned sea mussels sterilized with various conditions(Fo 7~13 min.) were measured. The same experimental items were also measured during storage. There was no remarkable difference between sterilization conditions and sensual characteristics. The results showed that the product sterilized at Fo 7 min. was the most desirable because this condition is most economical.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2014

The efficiency of gamma irradiation (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 kGy) as a sterilization method of corn samples (30 g) artificially contaminated with Fusarium moniliforme stored at normal condition ($25^{\circ}C$ with approximate relative humidity (RH) of 55%) and optimal condition ($25^{\circ}C$ with a controlled RH of 97%) was studied. The results showed that the fungal growth and the amount of fumonisin were decreased as the dose of gamma irradiation increased. Gamma irradiation at 1-5 kGy treatment significantly inhibited the growth of F. moniliforme by 1-2 log reduction on corn samples (P < 0.05). Sublethal effect of gamma irradiation was observed at 10-20 kGy doses after storage, and a complete inactivation required 30 kGy. Fungal growth and fumonisin production increased with higher humidity and longer storage time in all corn samples. This study also demonstrated that there was no strict correlation between fungal growth and fumonisin production. Storage at normal condition significantly resulted in lower growth and fumonisin production of F. moniliforme as compared with those stored at optimal condition (P < 0.05). Gamma irradiation with the dose of ${\geq}5$ kGy followed by storage at normal condition successfully prolonged the shelf life of irradiated corns, intended for human and animal consumptions, up to 7 weeks.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2004

Rhizome rot of ginger, caused by Pythium myriotylum, a major limiting factor for its production, has occurred annually, but become severe, especially in hot and humid years with frequent rainfalls in Korea. Most studies on rhizome rot have been carried out since 1980s in the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Honam Crop Experimental Station and Choongnam Provincial Rural Development Administration. Many aspects of rhizome rot, such as survey of the disease incidence, taxonomy, pathogenicity and physiology of pathogen, and ecology of soilborne inocula have been studied in the researches. However, intensive studies have been concentrated on management technologies of the disease including seed-rhizome disinfection, soil sterilization, evaluation of cultivar resistance, and fungicide application, and most developed technologies have been used in commercial farmings. In future, development of resistant varieties and simple soil disinfection technologies applicable in Korean condition and economically feasible fungicide application technology have to be developed for better management.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1327-1332
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• 1998

The optimum thermal condition of retort Biji product was determined by heat penetration curve, aerobic bacteria count and sensory test. Retort Biji showed a simple logarithmic heating curve regardless of solid content. Heating time was a $26{\sim}27$ min until Fo value reached 9 min and the amount of microorganism in the Biji product sterilized for 26 min at $121^{\circ}C$ were decreased to $10^{-4}\;CFU/g$, indicating the safe range for retort product. The rate of heat penetration was reduced as solid content and size of product were increased, whereas sterilization temperature and initial temperature of product influenced the heat penetration curve. Sensory scare indicated that there was no significant difference in color, flavor, and appearance among different thermal processes. However, Biji product sterilized at $121^{\circ}C$ showed the highest score in overall preference value.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

AlN 단결정의 특별한 용도로 이를 개발하기 위한 노력이 전 세계적으로 매우 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 AlN을 기반으로 하는 자외선 LED는 생활, 의학, 자동자 등에 유용한 용도로서 살균, 정화, 경화 및 분석 등 분야에 이용된다. 이에 실험을 통해 PVT법으로 카본 도가니를 사용하여 AlN 단결정을 성장시켰으며 실험 중 3가지 형태의 도가니를 이용하여 성장에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 그 온도 조건은 $1900{\sim}2100^{\circ}C$이고 실험 압력으로는 1~200 Torr였다. 그 결과, 높이가 높은 형태의 도가니를 사용할 경우 증발량은 기준 형태보다 증가 하는데 그쳤다. 반면, 넓은 형태의 도가니는 더욱 많은 증발양의 증가를 보였으며, 기준 형태에 비하여 훨씬 안정하다는 것을 알았다. 또한, 제한된 크기의 도가니를 이용한 PVT법에서의 도가니 형태의 변화에 따른 결과는 성장률에 따른 최적 조건, 성장 결정의 품질변화 및 성장 조건 안정성에 영향을 주는 것을 알았다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1453-1464
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• 2023

Objective: This study investigated the changes in bacterial communities within decomposing swine microcosms, comparing soil with or without intact microbial communities, and under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Methods: The experimental microcosms consisted of four conditions: UA, unsterilized soil-aerobic condition; SA, sterilized soil-aerobic condition; UAn, unsterilized soil-anaerobic condition; and San, sterilized soil-anaerobic condition. The microcosms were prepared by mixing 112.5 g of soil and 37.5 g of ground carcass, which were then placed in sterile containers. The carcass-soil mixture was sampled at day 0, 5, 10, 30, and 60 of decomposition, and the bacterial communities that formed during carcass decomposition were assessed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results: A total of 1,687 amplicon sequence variants representing 22 phyla and 805 genera were identified in the microcosms. The Chao1 and Shannon diversity indices varied in between microcosms at each period (p<0.05). Metagenomic analysis showed variation in the taxa composition across the burial microcosms during decomposition, with Firmicutes being the dominant phylum, followed by Proteobacteria. At the genus level, Bacillus and Clostridium were the main genera within Firmicutes. Functional prediction revealed that the most abundant Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes metabolic functions were carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a higher bacteria diversity in UA and UAn microcosms than in SA and SAn microcosms. In addition, the taxonomic composition of the microbial community also exhibited changes, highlighting the impact of soil sterilization and oxygen on carcass decomposition. Furthermore, this study provided insights into the microbial communities associated with decomposing swine carcasses in microcosm.