• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.194-196
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• 1980

Five years old ginseng plant (Panax ginseng) with ten stems from six bud base was found in a ginseng plantation. Stems were emerged even around the rhizome base. Growth status of all stems were poor. The length of some stems was shorter than that of petiole. The shorter the stem length is the longer the petiol length.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.29-50
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• 2020

Objectives : Objectiveness and accuracy of numbers could allow for a new way of understanding the principle of Ten Heavenly Stems(THS) and Twelve Earthly Branches(TEB) when applied. Methods : The order of the THS and TEB, the Five phases of direction and change, conversion of other, conversion of self of the Stems and Branches were examined through numbers. Results & Conclusions : The numerical combination of the Stems and Branches depends on the identification of the Three Points. Conversion of self of the Heavenly Stems are as follows: for 甲 3+5=8, for 乙 8+4=12, for 丙 7+1=8, for 丁 2+8=10, for 戊 5+7=12, for 己 10+10=20, for 庚 9+9=18, for 辛 4+6=10, for 壬 1+3=4, for 癸 6+2=8. Conversion of self of the Earthly Branches are as follows: for 子 1+2=3, for 丑 5+5=10, for 寅 3+2=5, for 卯 8+4=12, for 辰 5+1=6, for 巳 2+8=10, for 午 7+7=14, for 未 10+10=20, for 申 9+7=16, for 酉 4+9=13, for 戌 5+6=11, for 亥 6+3=9. Here the Stems and Branches could be understood intensively. Among the Stems and Branches, the Great Points are 壬, 癸, 戌, 亥, 子, Emperor Points are 甲, 戊, 丑, 午, and Empty Points are 己, 未.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2015

Many studies on broccoli have analyzed the functional components and their functionality in terms of antioxidant and anticancer activities; however, these studies have focused on the florets of different varieties. Investigation of the functionality of broccoli by-products such as leaves, stems, and leaf stems from different cultivars and harvest dates might be valuable for utilizing waste materials as useful food components. Total phenolics and sulforaphane contents, and antioxidant and anticancer activities were measured in the leaves, leaf stems, and stems of early-maturing (Kyoyoshi), middle-maturing (Myeongil 96), and late-maturing broccoli (SK3-085) at different harvest dates. Total phenolics in the leaves of Kyoyoshi were about 1.8-fold to 12.1-fold higher than those in all of the other cultivars and parts. The sulforaphane content of Kyoyoshi was 2.8-fold higher in the stems than in the florets. Antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity were highest in Kyoyoshi, followed by Myeongil 96 and SK3-085, most notably in the leaves harvested at the immature stage. Inhibition activity of cell growth against the NCI-H1299 cell lines was highest in the leaves of all cultivars in decreasing order of florets, leaf stems, and stems. The leaves harvested in October (nonflowering stage) had the highest inhibition activity, while those harvested in January (mature broccoli) showed the lowest. The results of this study demonstrate that broccoli leaves and stems contain high levels of total phenolics, and high antioxidant and anticancer activities and can provide opportunities for early-maturing broccoli as functional fresh raw vegetables.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1722-1724
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• 2003

The possibility of using cotton stems as a roughage source in animal feeding was explored. Ground cotton stems (T2 and T3) or stems treated with 0.5% urea (T4 and T5) were ensiled with pearl millet green fodder in double lined plastic bags of 3 kg capacity for 50 days. Formic acid (0.4% v/v) was sprayed on T3 and T5 silages. The treatments were compared with pearl millet silage alone (T1) which constituted the control. All the bags were placed in the silo pit of pearl millet silage. Results indicated that urea treatment of cotton stems increased and formic acid application reduced dry matter loss of the silages. Inclusion of cotton stems in the silage significantly (p<0.05) increased CF, ADF, cellulose and ADL due to its higher cell wall content. The hemicellulose was significantly lower in T3 (16.7%) and T5 (22.52%) as compared to T2 (23.45%) and T4 (24.6%) due to formic acid application. Ammoniation significantly increased NH3-N content in T4 (0.202%) and formic acid controlled NH3-N level in T5 (0.107%).The in sacco dry matter digestibility was significantly higher (p<0.05) in formic acid preserved silages T3 and T5 (47.73 and 47.93%) as compared to silages without formic acid (44.94 and 41.22 %) in T2 and T4 respectively, but lower than T1 (54.39%). It is concluded that cotton stems can be ensiled with pearl millet fodder in 1:4 ratio with or without urea treatment. Formic acid application further increases the silage quality.

• 생약학회지
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• 제33권4호통권131호
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• pp.359-363
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• 2002

Antioxidant properties of the extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus were investigated. The dried roots, stems or leaves were extracted with hot water or ethanol each. The ethanol extracts exhibited higher potency than aqueous extracts in scavenging free radicals and in inhibiting microsomal lipid peroxidation: the aqueous extracts of stems showed higher anti-oxidant effects than the root extracts. Copper-mediated LDL oxidation was also protected by the ethanol exlracts: antioxidant effects of the extracts tested were stronger than ascorbic acid, but not butylated hydroxytoluene. The activity of angiotensin converting enzyme was effectively suppressed by the aqueous extracts of the stems. However, in vivo antioxidant properties of the ethanol extracts of the stems did not seem to be significant, judged from the lipid peroxide values of serum and liver in normal mice. Thus, the ethanol extracts of the stems were shown to be more potent for protecting biological systems against various oxidant stresses in vitro, but not in vivo.

• 생약학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.366-375
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• 2014

Aldose reductase (AR) has been indicated the critical enzyme of the polyol pathway in the development of the diabetic complications. In this study, 119 Vietnamese herbal medicines have been investigated for inhibitory activities on AR. Among them, 7 herbal medicines, Synedrella nodiflora (stems and leaves), Combretum sundaicum (stems and leaves), Argyreia acuta (stems and leaves), Platea latifolia (whole plants), Linociera sangda (whole plants), Rhaphiolepis indica (whole plants), Harrisonia perforata (stems and leaves) and 2 fractions from Harrisonia perforata (stems and leaves) with EtOAc and BuOH, exhibited a significant inhibitory activity against AR. Particularly, S. nodiflora, A. acuta and H. perforata (stems and leaves) showed 1.0-1.8 times more potent inhibitory activity than the positive control, 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid (TMG).

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2008

Pre-infection behavior of Fusarium circinatum on stems of pine species was investigated with scanning electron microscopy. Two-year-old stems of Pinus densiflora and p. rigida were inoculated with the fungal conidial suspension and subjected to $25^{\circ}C$ for up to 16 hr. Most microconidia germinated 12 hr after inoculation on pine stems. Conidia produced germ tubes from either one or both ends of microconidia. Germ tubes grew over the stem surface and appeared to enter host tissues through natural openings on pine stems. Surface cracks in the cork were entrance sites of germ tubes of F. circinatum. In addition, host cell wall cracks were often found at the tip of germ tubes. The cuticle appeared to be eroded either at the tip of germ tubes or around germlings. Germ tubes also produced appressoria-like structures, exhibiting swollen tips of germ tubes on the stem surface. There seems to be no significant differences in the pre-infection behavior of F. circinatum on stems between the two pine species.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.75-78
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• 2014

Burdock (Arctium sp.) is known as a nutraceutical vegetable, especially in Japanese and Korean cuisine. While burdock plants are generally harvested for their tap roots, different parts of the plant are consumed as food or used as traditional medicines. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of the leaves, stems, roots, and peeled roots of the burdock plant based on their pH, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, color values, and mineral content. The pH differed significantly among the different plant parts, with the highest value in the leaves and the lowest in the stems. However, for the soluble solid content, the leaves had the lowest, while the peeled roots had the highest. The titratable acidity of the stems was significantly lower than that of the leaves, roots, and peeled roots. As regards the color values, the lightness value was highest for the stems, while the roots showed the highest redness value, followed by the peeled roots, and the leaves had the highest yellowness value. The leaves and stems contained almost three times more potassium than the roots and peeled roots. Thus, the higher content of different minerals in the leaves and stems of the burdock plant shows that these plant parts could be used as potential sources of dietary minerals.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 1999

반추동물사육을 위한 농산부산물의 조사료로써 새로운 개발 및 재활용을 위하여 이른 봄 새싹은 식물(나물)으로 이용하나 그 후 성장한 부위는 특별한 용도 없이 폐기되는 땅두릅의 잎과 줄기, 잎, 줄기 및 뿌리의 화학조성분을 분석하고 이들의 반추위 내 건물 소화율을 측정하여 부위별 수치를 비교하였다. 1. 땅두릅의 단백질 함량은 잎과 줄기(9.7%), 잎(12.4%), 줄기(5.1%) 그리고 뿌리(3.8%)로 나타났고(P<0.05), 각각의 조지방 함량도 3.05, 3.7%, 1.3% 및 2.1%로 나타났다(P<0.05). 2. 조섬유의 함량은 잎(15.0%) 및 뿌리(12.3%)가 줄기(40.3%)보다 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 3. 중성세제 섬유소 함량은 잎(30.2%)이 줄기 및 뿌리(60.0% 및 50.8%)보다 낮게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 산성세제 섬유소 함량은 잎(21.4%) 및 뿌리(18.3%)가 줄기(49.6%)보다 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 4. 칼슘함량은 잎(2.4%)이 줄기나 뿌리(0.97% 및 0.69%)보다 높았다. 그러나 인의 함량은 모두 유사한(0.25%, 0.19 및 0.35%) 경향이었다. 5. 시간별로 12, 24, 48 및 72시간 동안의 반추위 건물 소화율은 잎(38.9%, 65.9%, 79.8% 및 82.4%)과 뿌리(38.9%, 59.8%, 77.6% 및 78.5%)가 줄기(31.1%, 44.1%, 49.5 및 52.6%)보다 높았으며 잎의 소화율은 알팔파건초의 소화율(37.4%, 48.8%, 67.8% 및 71.8%)보다도 높았다. 그리고 소화율이 비교적 낮은 줄기의 소화율도 아카씨나무 파쇄물(12.6%, 18.2%, 21.6% 및 24.3%)보다도 월등이 높았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.382-386
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• 2000

본 연구는 고구마 수확시기에 줄기를 예취하여 월동 재배할 수 있는 조건을 구명하여 이듬해에 본포 삽식묘로 활용함으로서 씨고구마의 저장, 파종 및 묘 생산에 소요되는 노력과 비용을 절감하고자 시험을 수행하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 줄기묘의 월동재배를 위해서는 터널피복처리에 의해 생존이 가능하였으며 적정 재식시기는 10월 중순이었다. 2. 줄기묘의 재식밀도는 10$\times$3cm(333주/$m^2$)가 적정하였다 3.줄기묘의 겨울철 생육을 위해서는 최저 5$^{\circ}C$이상이 필요하였다. 4. 줄기묘의 묘수는 씨고구마에 의해 생산된 묘수에 비해 적었으나 줄기묘의 조기 증식에 의해 묘수를 증가시킬 수 있었다. 5. 줄기묘의 본포 수량성은 씨고구마묘와 차이를 보이지 않았다. 6. 품종간에는 줄기묘의 월동 후 생존율에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다.