• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.642-649
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity in the leaves and stems of 50 tomato accessions, in order to examine the possibility of using tomato by-products as a functional material. The extracts of the leaves (LE) and stems (SE) were analyzed for DPPH, ABTS, and total polyphenol content (TPC). Antioxidant activities and TPC differed significantly between the LE and SE of the 50 tomato accessions. TPC in LE and SE showed wide variation, ranging from 24.4 to 60.6 and 12.5 to 18.8 mg GAE/g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activities of LE ranged from 10.0 to 38.2% (scavenging effect) and 20.8 to 59.0 mg ASC/g, respectively, while the DPPH and ABTS measurements of SE were 1.4 to 8.8% and 2.2 to 22.5 mg ASC/g, respectively. As assessed by the relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI), IT033117 and IT203466 had the highest antioxidant activity in LE and SE, respectively. These results will expand the knowledge of antioxidant activity and provide information on tomato accessions valuable for the development of functional foods and food additives.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.8-11
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• 2011

In this study, we assessed the free radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of extracts isolated from the dried roots and stems (including leaves) of Angelica dahurica. The irritation response from these extracts was also assessed to determine potential cosmetic use. Both sources of A. dahurica extracts exhibited radical scavenging properties to different extents. The free radical scavenging potency ($EC_{50}$) of the stems (including leaves) of A. dahurica was 243.33 ${\mu}g/mL$, which is significantly lower (p<0.01) than that observed of the roots (1,161.79 ${\mu}g/mL$). The inhibition values ($EC_{50}$) of xanthine oxidase were as follows: 435.19 ${\mu}g/mL$ (roots) and 434.66 ${\mu}g/mL$ (stems). We noted no significant differences between the two plant parts with regard to ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity. After the application of A. dahurica extracts to rabbits for skin and eye irritation tests, no negative effects were observed; therefore, the extracts are considered to be non-irritating to the skin and eye.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.2777-2785
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• 2000

In cementless total hip replacement(THR), an initial stability of the femoral component is important to long term fixation of femoral stem. The intial stability has close relationship with the relative displacement of prosthessis and sponge bone at the proximal of femur. After implantation of the proshesis, the surrounding bone is partially shielded from load carrying and starts to resorb. Stress shielding is the cause of the loss of proximal bone. Assessing stress distribution of femur is important to predict stress shielding. The initial stability and the stress shielding were investigated for two loading conditions approximating a single leg stance and a stair climbing. Three types of stems were studied by the finite element method to analyze the biomechanical effects of distal filling of cementless femoral stems. Three types of stems empolyed are a distal filling stem, a distal flexible stem, and a distal tapered stem.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 1997

To study the effects of metal ions on the activity of anti-oxidase enzymes, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and isozyme patterns of Brassica juncea have been studied after treating with CD, Cu, Zn, and Al. The activity of SOD after treating with metal ions was higher than that of untreated control. SOD activity in leaves increased by treatment of 50 ppm of Zn and 500 ppm of Al. POD in stems gave highest activity after treating with 500 ppm of Cu. When the activity was compared by plant parts, lowest POD activity was observed in leaves in which protein content was higher than other tissues. When the activity was expressed as percentage of control, SOD activity was increased after treating with metal ions. SOD activity in leaves and roots of metal treated plant was significantly increased under the metal ions stress conditions. In the roots of 50 ppm of Zn treated plant, SOD activity was extremly high. POD activity was inhibited with Cd and Zn treatment in all parts of the plant. However, in leaves and stems, there was marked increase in activity after treating with Cu. The patterns of SOD isozyme after metal treatment show that two bands were stained in all metal ion treated and that no new band appeared. POD isozyme band intensity resulting from the treatment of metal ions was in order of roots > stems > leaves, but there was no significant difference.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2013

The essential oils of stems, roots, fruits and leaves of Lindera obtusiloba BL. were collected in the winter and summer extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In present study, 58 kinds of volatile components in the winter stems (WS), 70 in the winter roots (WR), 77 in the summer stems (SS), 78 in the summer roots (SR), 70 in the summer fruits (SF) and 76 in the summer leaves (SL) were identified. The results showed that, the major components were monoterpenes including ${\alpha}$-thujene (1.22~13.80%) camphene (1.56~18.40%), ${\beta}$-mycrene (1.75~9.27%), limonene (5.57~12.83%), ${\beta}$-phellandrene (3.03~7.72%), linalyl acetate (2.29~12.55%), dihydromycrene (0~11.15%), germacrene B (0~7.54%) of which the contents had major fluctuations in different seasons and parts. In general, monoterpenes were the major constituent of SF in L. obtusiloba BL. that have presented possibilities for industrial applications.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.387-392
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• 2000

In cementless total hip replacement(THR), an initial stability of the femoral component is important to long term fixation of femoral stem. The initial stability has close relationship with the relative displacement of prosthesis and spongy bone at the proximal of femur. After implantation of the prosthesis. the surrounding bone is partially shielded from load carrying and starts to resort. Stress shielding is the cause of the loss of proximal bone. Assessing stress distribution of femur is important to predict stress shielding. The initial stability and the stress shielding were investigated for two loading conditions approximating a single leg stance and a stair climbing. Three types of stems were studied by the finite element method to analyze the biomechanical effects of distal filling of cementless femoral stems, Three types of stems employed are a distal filling stem, a distal flexible stem, and a distal tapered stem.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.300-306
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• 2000

This paper introduces a new concept of automation for bio-production with tele-operative system. The proposed system showed practical and feasible way of automation for the volatile bio-production process. Based on the proposition, recognition of the job environment with object identification was performed using computer vision system. A man-machine interactive hybrid decision-making, which utilized a concept of tele-operation was proposed to overcome limitations of the capability of computer in image processing and feature extraction from the complex environment image. Identifying watermelons from the outdoor scene of the cultivation field was selected to realize the proposed concept. Identifying watermelon from the camera image of the outdoor cultivation field is very difficult because of the ambiguity among stems, leaves, shades, and especially fruits covered partly by leaves or stems. The analog signal of the outdoor image was captured and transmitted wireless to the host computer by R.F module. The localized window was formed from the outdoor image by pointing to the touch screen. And then a sequence of algorithms to identify the location and size of the watermelon was performed with the local window image. The effect of the light reflectance of fruits, stems, ground, and leaves were also investigated.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2004

Soil-borne fungal pathogens such as Verticillium and Rhizoctonia can colonize in the stem tissue of plant through root and lead to wilting symptoms of plant by blocking. water transportation. During the colonization of Rhizoctonia solani in the vascular tissue of tomato stems, particularly, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene induction pattern was cyclized showing peak induction at two different time points (10 and 80 h) after fungal spores inoculation in vivo. In leaves or roots, however, no such cycling pattern was observed. The first induction peak may be due to an initial sporulation events leading to a second induction peak by a proliferation of fungal spores to the upper stems or other tissues from an initial spore trapping sites. Tomato PAL gene was also dramatically induced by wounding, light illumination and mercury chloride treatment but was not cyclized. Mercury chloride showed the earliest induction with all tissues even at half an hour after treatment.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1018-1023
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• 2003

From the stems and fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten, eight flavonoids, kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), kaempferol 3-methyl ether (3), quercetin 3-methyl ether (4), narcissin (5), (+)-dihydrokaempferol (aromadendrin, 6), (+)-dihydroquercetin (taxifolin, 7), eriodictyol (8), and two terpenoids, (6S,9S)-3-oxo-$\alpha-ionol-\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (9) and corchoionoside C (10) were isolated and identified by means of chemical and spectroscopic. Among these isolates, compounds 3∼5 and 8∼10 were reported for the first time from the stems and fruits of O. ficusindica var. saboten.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.18 no.3 s.40
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• pp.133-136
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• 1979

Experiment was conducted to and out the influence of white tip nematode on the growth of rice plant and yield. The rice plants were reduced height, number of tillers and yield when the nemato do was inoculated. Number of injured stems and density of nematode were increased 10 days after white tip symptoms appeared(Aug. 5) . There was negative correlation(r=-0.78) between percentage of injured stems and yield of rice, and critical percentage of injured stems affecting to yield in panicle formation stage was $13\%$. Weight of 1,000 grains and number of grains were reduced about $10\%$, number of panicles and panicle length were reduced about $5\%$ in nematode inoculation plot of suseptible variety, Min-higari.