• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.265-271
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• 2013

Cryopreservation and in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols are important in genetic studies and applications to transgenic animals. Various studies about boar sperm cryopreservation have been studied for a long time. Those were about the use of extenders, the choice of sugars, the cooling and warming rates. The factors that influence the boar sperm are the dramatic changes in temperatures, osmotic and toxic stresses, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Among these factors, ROS generation is the main damage to DNA which is a principal genetic material and the most important for the practical applications. So we wondered whether ROS generation could be reduced. In previous study, monothioglycerol (MTG) was essential for the culture of embryo stem cells. Therefore we added MTG in the freezing extender based on lactose-egg yolk (LEY) with trehalose. For the assessment of the frozen-thawed sperm, we focused onmotility, membrane integrity and DNA damage. First, we used a computer-aided sperm analysis system for overall conditions of sperm such as motility and viability. Then we performed the sperm chromatin structure assay for DNA integrity and hypo-osmotic swelling test for membrane integrity. And our result showed the existence of MTG in the freezing extender caused less damage to DNA and higher motility in frozen-thawed boar sperm. Also we checked a relative antioxidant activity of MTG in modified Modena B extender. We concluded that this reagent can activate sperm mitochondria at MTG $0.2{\mu}M$, contribute to sperm motility and DNA integrity but there was no significant difference on membrane integrity. Also antioxidant activity of MTG in modified Modena B extender was proved.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.525-530
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• 1998

These studies were carried out to select the active grow hairy root lines induced from various ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) parts. Hairy roots were induced in root explants, stem and petiole in vitro by A. rhizogenes R1000 or A. rhizogenes $A_4$. These hairy roots could be grown on the phytohormone free medium, and PCR analysis of rol C and vir C gene fragments confirmed that hairy roots were transgenic tissues. We have selected 11 hairy root lines with active growing characters among 300 hairy root lines selected based on growth and morphological characteristics on 1/2MS solid media with 250 mg/L carbenicillin. Morphological characteristics of selected 11 hairy root lines were thickness and thiness of main roots, and many projection for lateral roots, active grow of lateral roots. Among selected 11 hair root lines prominent characteristics of hairy roots with active growing characters were thiness of main roots and active grow of lateral roots. But characteristics of low growing hairy roots were thickness of main roots and low grow of lateral roots. Finally we have selected actively growing hairy roots, KGHR-1, KGHR-5, KGHR-8 among 11 hairy root lines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.71-87
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• 2010

The purpose of the study is analyzing Japanese modern costume, through examining legislation process and the relics of Chickimkwan's and Juimkwan's court costume. The results of the study are as follows. First, the proposer of civil court costume, established in 1872, was Iwakura Mission dispatched to America and Europe. The Mission realized the importance of preparing western-style costume in civilization from experience wearing traditional clothing at ceremony of presenting credentials in America. Afterwards, the Mission proposed that the government accept western-style as civil court costume and became first wearers in Japanese in England. Second, the difference, between ordinance and actual clothes worn by Iwakura Mission, occurred in process of legislation in 1872. That might be considered as trial and error in introducing different culture. The coexistence of England and French styles was unified into French style by the revision of civil court costume in 1886. Third, the pattern of paulownia embroidered on civil court costume was utilized as symbol of Japan. While the costume of Chickimkwan was embroidered by the pattern of 7 and 5 leaves paulownia, that of Juimkwan was 5 and 3 leaves expressing their grades. Fourth, relics research showed how formed manufacturer information and enacted design were in embroidery. The relics seemed to be manufactured in Japan, because emblem of Mitsukosi tailor was embroidered on inner part of the back of collar of Chickimkwan in Nara Women's University, Japan and that of Yamasaki on left inner pocket of Juimkwan in the Independence Hall, Korea. The embroider techniques comprised forming by filler particles according to the design, filling up coiled gold threads and expressing stem with gold threads and spangles. As preemptive study, establishment process of Japanese civil court costume in this study will help understand form characteristics appeared in civil court costume act of Korean Empire.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.717-725
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• 2020

The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria is economically viable and environmentally safe for mitigating various plant stresses. Abiotic stresses such as flood and drought are a serious threat to modern agriculture. In the present study, the indole-3-acetic acid-producing rhizobacterium R. sphaeroides KE149 was selected, and its effects on the growth of adzuki bean plants under flood stress (FS) and drought stress (DS) were investigated. IAA quantification of bacterial pure culture revealed that KE149 produced a significant amount of IAA. Moreover, KE149 inoculation notably decreased stress-responsive endogenous abscisic acid and jasmonic acid and increased salicylic acid in plants under DS and FS. KE149 inoculation also increased proline under DS and methionine under FS. In addition, KE149 inoculation significantly increased the levels of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) while lowering the sodium (Na) content in the plant shoot under stress. KE149-treated plants had markedly greater root length, shoot length, stem diameter, biomass, and higher chlorophyll content under both normal and stressed conditions. These results suggest that KE149 could be an efficient biofertilizer for mitigating water stress.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2004

Sclerotinia sp. (isolate BWC98-105) causes stem blight and root rot in Leghum sp., and is presently being evaluated as a potential mycoherbicide for the control of Trifoliorium repens. Bioassays have shown that Sclerotinia sp. produces phytotoxic substance which is biologically active against T. repens. Two biologically active compounds, designated as compoundsI and II, were produced in vitro from the culture filtrate of BWC98-105 isolate Sclerotium sp. Compounds I and II were purified by means of liquid-liquid extraction and $C_{18}$ open column chromatography (300 ${\times}$ 30 mm, i.d). To determine the purity, the purified compounds were analyzed by RP-HPLC. The analytical RP-HPLC column was a TOSOH ODS-120T (150 ${\times}$ 4.6 mm i.d, Japan), of which the flow rate was set at 0.7 mL/min using the linear gradient solvent system initiated with 15 % methanol to 85 % methanol for 50 min with monitoring at 254 nm. Under these RP-HPLC conditions, compounds I and II eluted at 3.49 and 4.13 min, respectively. Compound II was found to be most potent and host specific. However, compound I had a unique antibiotic activity against phytopathogenic bacteria like bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae) on rice, where it played a less important role in producing toxicity on T. repens. No toxin activity was detected in the water fraction after partitioning with several organic solvents. However, toxin activity was detected in the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions. In the leaf bioassay using compound II, the disease first appeared within 4-5 h as water soaked rot, which subsequently developed into well-defined blight affecting the whole plant.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.891-902
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• 2008

Some Korean men choose to marry a foreigner expecting that marriage will solve all their problems. Therefore, this case study is to provide basic information on how to prevent conflicts in the marriage and how to get used to the marriage life. first, it is apparent that these match-makings between Korean men and married Female Immigrants are commercialized and are based on the two parties' convenience. Second, it is more possible that the issues with the role of husband/wife and the allocation of household labor stem from the cultural differences from international racial differences rather than Korean men are authoritative or patriarchal. It seems that the foreign brides from the third world countries choose to many Korean men with only a single purpose to financially help their parents. While neither willing to share household labor nor providing what is expected to be a wife, they demand financial assists for their parents or choose to get a job at a factory to make money. Third, the husbands expect their wives to learn Korean since there is not much opportunity to learn the wives' language and the culture. Also, the textbooks are rare to find for the languages. Moreover, the husbands do not have the enthusiasm or the ability to team due to age Fourth, the Korean men are rather psychological, financial, social victims than domestic abusers.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.2 s.51
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• pp.73-77
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• 1982

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of boron application on the physiological response and the outbreak of Granville wilt flue-cured tobacco. NC2326 and Coker 86(flue-cured tobacco) were transplante dand investigated in all field culture plots for this experiment. Elongation of shoots were retarded, and stem heights were shortened in all boron applied plots and the more boron applied, the greater these tendency was. The ratio of root branching and root discoloration, and contraction by Granville wilt were docreased markedly in boron plots. Amount of harvested loaves (yield) was increased greatly in 2 and 4kg plots of borax and boric acid per 10a, and the increasing tendency was greater in NC2326 variety than Coker 86. Phenol compounds content in harvested leaves were higher in boron applied plots than non-applied, and was higher in Coker 86, Granville wilt resistant variety, than NC2326. The more boron applied, the higher nicotine content in the harvested leaves was.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 1994

Hairy root clones of Panax ginseng were established by selection of some hairy roots formed on the leaf, stem and root segments transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain $A_4$. The transformed roots grew well in MS medium under the dark condition. To confirm the transformation with Ri-T-DNA, dot blot hybridization and opine analysis were Performed. Among four hairy roots induced from different part of ginseng, the HB3 hairy roots were examined for selection of high-saponin-producing clones. Four clones isolated from HB3 hairy root cultures displayed various phenotypes characterized by growth and total saponin content. Maximum growth was obtained for cultures of HB3-10 clone and the content of total saponin was 0.55 wt%. However, higher amount of total saponin was obtained with HB3-2 clone cultures(0.74 wt%) in spite of lower growth. Dot blot hybridization confirmed the introduction of Ri-T-DNA in the plant genome. In the opine test, agropine and mannopine were detected from all hairy root clones.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1980.09a
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• pp.151-170
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• 1980

Physiological response of Panax ginseng var. atropurpureacaulo (purple stem variety, Pg) to light was reviewed through old literatures and recent experiments. Canopy structure, growth, pigment, leaf anatomy, disease occurence, transpiration, photosynthesis (PS), leaf saponin, photoperiodism and nutrient uptake were concerned. P. ginseng var. xanthocarpus (yellow berry variety, Px) and Panax quinquefolius(Pq) were compared with Pg if possible. Compensation point(Cp) increased with increase of light and ranged from 110 to 150 at $20^{\circ}C$ but from 140 to 220 at $30^{\circ}C$ with 4 to 15 Klux indicating occurence of light and temperature-dependent high photorespiration. Characteristics of Korea ginseng to hate high temperature was well accordance with an observation 2000 years ago. Korea ginseng showed lower Cp and appeared to be more tolerant to high light intensity and temperature than American sheng although the latter showed greater PS, stomata frequency and conductance, chlorophyll and carotenoids. Px showed lower PS than Pg probably due to higher Cp. Total leaf saponin was higher in leaves grown under high light. Ratio or diol saponin and triol saponin(PT/PD) decreased with increase of light intensity during growing mainly due to decrease of ginsenoside $Rg_1$ but increase of ginsenoside Rd. Leaves of Pg and Px had $Rg_1$ but no $Rb_3$ which was only found as much as $20\%$ of total in Pq leaves, and decreased with increase of light intensity. Re increased in Pg and Px but decreased in Pq with increase of light. PT/PD in leaf ranged 1.0-1.5 in Pg and Px but around 0.5 in Pq. Korea ginseng has Yang characteristics(tolerant to high light and temperature), cultured under Eum(shade) condition and long been used for Yang efficacy (to build up energy) while Pq was quite contrary. Traditional low light $intensity(3-8\%)$ for Korea ginseng culture appeared to be strongly related to historical unique quality. Effect of light quality and photoperiodism was not well known. Experiences are long but scientific knowledge is short for production and quality assessment of ginseng. Recent scientific knowledge of ginseng should learn wisdom from old experiences.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to study the growth characteristics and organic and inorganic components in 28 local cultivars of Artemisia sp. The early growth of lndossuk and Siljebissuk was vigorous, while the fresh weight of Hwanghaessuk was the highest in 28 local cultivars as the amount of post growth was increased. Siljebissuk and Hwanghaessuk had a commercial worth as the good flavour with thin stem in early planting culture. Sanssuk, Hwanghaessuk and Sijebissuk were contained high percentage of Carbohydrate, Fe and Cu, while Pangssuk, Meongcheonssuk and Keunjebissuk was contained high percentage of $P_2O_5$ and MgO. There is no significance between the fresh weight of aerial part and inorganic componets but the correlation between CaO and fresh weight was signficant.