• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.844-851
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• 2019

웨어러블 디바이스의 대중화에 따라 디바이스 내에 탑재된 다양한 센서를 활용하여 동작 인식, 헬스케어, 안전 보조 등 다양한 스마트 서비스를 제공하는 애플리케이션이 급증하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 9축 관성 센서가 탑재된 스마트워치를 이용하여 운전자를 인식하고, 운전 중 운전자의 자동차 핸들의 회전각을 탐지하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 i) 스마트워치 위치 인식, ii) 운전자 인식, iii) 핸들의 회전각 계산, 3가지 단계로 구성되어 있다. 이를 위해, IMU 센서와 아두이노(Arduino)를 이용하여 웨어러블 디바이스의 시제품을 자체 제작하고 제안하는 시스템을 구현 하였다. 실험을 통해 핸들의 회전 방향을 높은 정확도로 계산할 수 있고 회전각 또한 평균 $11.77^{\circ}$의 낮은 오차를 보여 제안하는 시스템의 실효성을 입증하였다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.626-631
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 컨포멀 어레이(Conformal Array) 빔 합성 기법에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 일반적인 선형 배열에서의 빔 조향에 따른 성능 열화 없이 빔 조향을 수행할 수 있는 컨포멀 어레이는 다양한 레이다 시스템에 적용되고 있다. 평면형 선형 배열에서의 빔 합성 기법과 달리 컨포멀 배열은 곡면상에 복사소자가 위치하므로 복사소자별로 파면(Wave Front)까지의 위상을 보상해 주어야 한다. 또한 복사소자별 옵셋 각도(Offset Angle)를 계산하여 실제 q빔 합성 시 적용함으로서 정확한 빔 패턴을 예측할 수 있었다. 본 논문에서는 위상 보상 및 옵셋 각도를 계산하여 빔 패턴 합성 시 적용한 후 빔 패턴 비교를 수행하였으며, 수학적인 분석을 통해 성능을 비교하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2001

A navigation system was developed for autonomous guidance of a combine. It consisted of a DGPS, a machine vision system, a gyro sensor and an ultrasonic sensor. For an autonomous operation of the combine, target points were determined at first. Secondly, heading angle and offset were calculated by comparing current positions obtained from the DGPS with the target points. Thirdly, the fuzzy controller decided steering angle by the fuzzy inference that took 3 inputs of heading angle, offset and distance to the bank around the rice field. Finally, the hydraulic system was actuated for the combine steering. In the case of the misbehavior of the DGPS, the machine vision system found the desired travel path. In this way, the combine traveled straight paths to the traget point and then turned to the next target point. The gyro sensor was used to check the turning angle. The autonomous combine traveled within 31.11cm deviation(RMS) on the straight paths and harvested up to 96% of the whole rice field. The field experiments proved a possibility of autonomous harvesting. Improvement of the DGPS accuracy should be studied further by compensation variations of combines attitude due to unevenness of the rice field.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.661-666
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• 2013

A state feedback controller with integration of output error is proposed for way-point tracking of an AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle). For the steering control on the XY plane, the proposed controller uses three state variables (sway velocity, yaw rate, heading angle) and the integral of the steering error, and for the depth control on the XZ plane, it uses four state variables (pitch rate, depth, pitch angle) and the integral of the depth error. From the simulation using Matlab/Simulink, we verify that the performance of the proposed controller is satisfactory within an error range of 1m from the target way-point for arbitrarily chosen sets of consecutive way-points.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1205-1210
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• 2001

This paper describes a methodology using neural network to compensate the nonlinear error of deriving speed for electric differential system included in electric vehicle. An electric differential system which drives each of the left and right wheels of the electric vehicle independently. The electric vehicle driven by induction motor has the nonlinear speed error which depends on a steering angle and speed command. When a vehicle drives along a curved road lane, the speed unblance of inner and outer wheels makes vehicles vibration and speed reduction. To compensate for the speed error, we collected the speed data of the inner wheel and outer wheel in various speed and the steering angle data by using an manufactured electric vehicle and the real system. According to the analysis of the acquisited data, we designed the differential speed control system based on a speed error compensator using neural network.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.803-811
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• 2002

Machine vision systems are usually used to identify traffic lanes and then determine the steering angle of an autonomous vehicle in real time. The steering angle is calculated using a geometric model of various parameters including the orientation, position, and hardware specification of a camera in the machine vision system. To find the accurate values of the parameters, camera calibration is required. This paper presents a new camera-calibration algorithm using known traffic lane features, line thickness and lane width. The camera parameters considered are divided into two groups: Group I (the camera orientation, the uncertainty image scale factor, and the focal length) and Group II(the camera position). First, six control points are extracted from an image of two traffic lines and then eight nonlinear equations are generated based on the points. The least square method is used to find the estimates for the Group I parameters. Finally, values of the Group II parameters are determined using point correspondences between the image and its corresponding real world. Experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.313-317
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• 2001

This paper proposed a fuzzy logic cross coupled controller which can enhance the path tracking performance of optically guided AGV(Automated Guided Vehicle). The AGV follows the guide path, it cannot be avoid the deviation from the path due to the inevitable error and the deviation must be corrected. Optically guided AGV used in industrial area is controlled by On-Off controller generally, the experimental AGV has three optical sensors in front body. In this structure, we could not know the leaving distance accurately and steering angle from the guided line, so AGV could not be controlled properly with conventional controller in the case of increasing or decreasing velocity. If we mount additional sensors the AGV, we could know the leaving distance and steering angle from the guided line and proper error compensating methode can be applied. But because cost of sensors are high, the cost of total system is increasing. So, in this paper, to improve the tracking performance of AGV which has the minimum number of sensors and fuzzy logic cross coupled controller is proposed. Some simulations and experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed controller.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2002

A new control method far vision-based autonomous vehicle is proposed to determine navigation direction by analyzing lane information from a camera and to navigate a vehicle. In this paper, characteristic featured data points are extracted from lane images using a lane recognition algorithm. Then the vehicle is controlled using new Levenberg-Marquardt neural network algorithm. To verify the usefulness of the algorithm, another algorithm, which utilizes the geometric relation of a camera and vehicle, is introduced. The second one involves transformation from an image coordinate to a vehicle coordinate, then steering is determined from Ackermann angle. The steering scheme using Ackermann angle is heavily depends on the correct geometric data of a vehicle and a camera. Meanwhile, the proposed neural network algorithm does not need geometric relations and it depends on the driving style of human driver. The proposed method is superior than other referenced neural network algorithms such as conjugate gradient method or gradient decent one in autonomous lateral control .

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2000

This research suggested a method by which the driver space can be designed to best accommodate the driver's anthropometric characteristics. Three-dimensional manikins and a variable seating buck were developed and used for this study. Manikins were designed with 18 links comprising the 95th percentile male and 5th percentile female data. The seating buck was built to create various driving environments using the distance and the height between the H-point(hip pivot) of the seat and the AHP(accelerator heel point), the angle of the back rest, the angle of the steering wheel, the vertical distance of the steering wheel, and the location of the T.G.S.(transmission gear shift) knob. Measurements of each variable were collected with a coordinate measuring machine by positioning the 3-D manikin under various combinations of the design factors of the seating buck, which was constructed based on mid-size domestic passenger cars. The data were then converted to the joint angles of the driver. The combination of the measurements for an optimal driving environment is suggested by applying sets of the joint angles at which the driver feels comfortable.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2002

This study was conducted to develop system for high speed rice transplanting machines. The control system includes a sensor detecting the tilt angle of the seedling bed, a micro-controller and a hydraulic system consisting of a double acting cylinder, a four-way three-position solenoid valve, a relief valve and a hydraulic pump. The levelling system shared the pump with the existing steering control, resulting in a tandem center circuit for the steering and levelling control systems. Using the input signal from the sensor, the micro-controller determined and generated the output signal to control the cylinder through the solenoid valve to keep the seedling bed always parallel to the water surface regardless of soil unevenness during the transplanting operations. Both an ON/OFF and a PWM control schemes were tested. When the flow rate was more than 1 ι/min in the ON/OFF control, the system showed unstable rolling. However, in the PWM control, the system worked stably although the flow rate was more than 1 ι/min. The PWM control showed a better performance when a large difference between the angle and the dead band of the control system occurred. The characteristics of tile system response to given tilt angles were predicted by a computer simulation. Both the ON/OFF and the PWM control systems worked well providing that the operating and waiting times were properly adjusted.