• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2017

Recent trends in shipbuilding and offshore industries are a huge increase in the ship size and the exploration and production of oil and natural gas in the arctic offshore region. High performance steel plates are required by these industrial trends. Also in IMO(International Maritime Organization) has begun to regulate of fuel of ship to environmental protection, therefore it is little bit difficult to use bunker-C oil to working ship. As the problem of environmental change such as global warming is emerged, the operation of the ship is considered to be involved in the environmental change problem, and the regulation of environmental pollution is gradually strengthened. As these environmental regulations are strengthened demand for LNG fuel ships is rapidly increasing. Currently, cryogenic steels used in LNG tanks include aluminum alloy, SUS 304, and 9%-Ni steel. Those steels are has high cost to construction of large LNG carrier. The new materials were suggested several steel mills to decrease construction cost and easy construction. The new cryogenic steel should be evaluate safety to applied real structure include LNG ship. Therefore, in this study, fracture toughness of weld joints were investigated with cryogenic steel for application of LNG tank.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2015

The finite element stress analysis of large sized rectangular water tank structures made of stainless steel materials is carried out for various combined load cases. The combined load cases for a large size of 5,000ton are further determined using the specification(KS B6283) established from the Korean Standards Association. The changed water capacity due to the size of reservoirs could be heavily dependent for evaluating seismic effects, especially for large reservoirs. For the better numerical efficiency, the rectangular panels are modelled using the ANSYS ADPL module. The numerical results obtained for different load cases mainly show the effect of the interactions between the different load combination and other various parameters, for example, the water capacity, and different stainless steel materials. The structural performance for various load combinations is also evaluated.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.44-54
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• 2024

High-Manganese (Mn) austenitic steel, with over 24 wt% Mn content, offers outstanding mechanical properties in cryogenic settings, making it a potential replacement for existing cryogenic materials. This high manganese steel exhibits high strength, ductility, and wear resistance, making it promising for applications like LNG tanks, flanges, and valves. To operate in cryogenic environments, hot forging and heat treatment processes are vital, especially in flange production. The cooling rate during high-temperature cooling after hot forging plays a critical role in influencing the microstructure and mechanical properties of high manganese steel. The rate at which cooling occurs during this process influences the size of the grains and the distribution of manganese and consequently has an impact on mechanical properties. This study assessed the microstructure and mechanical properties based on different cooling rates during the hot forging of High-Mn steel flanges. Comparing air and water cooling after hot forging, followed by heat treatment, revealed notable differences in grain size. These differences directly impacted mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness, and Charpy impact property. Understanding these effects is crucial for optimizing the performance and reliability of High-Mn steel in cryogenic applications.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2004

In this study, variable characteristics of drinking water and the influences on underground water reservoirs, rooftop water tanks, and service water pipes in the building were assessed. The influence of underground water reservoir material and water capacity on water quality also were assessed. The results are the following as; First of all, the drinking water passing through underground water reservoirs or service water pipes in the building, averagely metal component concentration more increased from percent of 41.3 to percent of 74.2 totally than other items of water quality. On the other hand, both residual chlorine and total solid highly decreased 65.6 percent and 35.3 percent, respectively. Therefore, it was thought that water quality could be getting worse for microorganism re-growth by residual chlorine reduction, and total solid also could be a cause for extraneous matters accumulated in water reservoir. Secondly, the variations on water quality of each stage for water supply system in the building were higher in water service pipes connected from rooftop water tanks to the tap than in underground water reservoirs. In addition to, among of twelve items on water quality, ten items on water quality except dissolved oxygen and residual chlorine increased. Therefore, it was thought that the influence of water service pipes connected from rooftop water tanks to the tap on water quality were higher than other stages of water supply system in the building. Thirdly, in case of materials of underground water reservoir, it was likely that the variation on water quality by stainless steel and concrete materials got some similar. In case of water capacity, the variations on water quality of underground water reservoirs over $1,000m^3$ higher than those under $1,000m^3$. That reasons was likely that the retention time(49.72 hours averagely) of underground water reservoirs over $1,000m^3$ was two times longer than it of those under $1,000m^3$(23.37 hours). Therefore, it was thought that the influence on water quality by materials were some similar, but in case of water capacity, the influence of underground water reservoirs were higher.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2018

LNG저장탱크가 노후화 됨에 따라 외벽 콘크리트에 균열, 철근부식 등 결함이 발생할 경우, 손상 종류 및 정도에 따라 구조물의 붕괴 등 대형사고 발생 위험이 존재하게 된다. LNG저장탱크는 2014년부터 정밀안전진단이 시작 되어 안전점검이 수행되고 있으며, 부재별 상태평가기준은 2016년 1월에 개정되어 적용하고 있다. 상태평가는 액화천연가스 저장탱크에 대한 외관 조사 및 재료시험 결과를 바탕으로 저장탱크에 대한 상태를 평가하는 것을 말하는 것으로 유지관리에 있어서 중요하다. 또한 각각의 LNG 저장탱크 대표상태를 나타내는 종합적 상태평가기준이 유지관리 시 중요하지만, LNG저장탱크 외조 콘크리트에 대한 관련 기준이 국내 외에 부재하여 상태평가 기준 개발 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 LNG 저장탱크 구조적 특성 검토, 부재별 상태평가 기준현황 분석, 부재별 가중치 부여를 통한 종합적 상태등급 산정 방안을 수립하였다. 부재별 가중치 산출은 AHP(Analytic Hierarchy process)기법을 이용하고 전문기관의 설문조사 등을 통해 종합적 상태평가 기준을 개발하였다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2009

지금까지 한국에 도입된 LNG 저장탱크의 지붕형식은 지상식 탱크 및 지중식 탱크를 막론하고 모두 콘크리트 지붕형이었다. 그러나 저장탱크의 대형화와 경제성 측면에서의 장점으로 강재 지붕형 탱크의 도입이 적극적으로 검토되고 있다. 본고에서는 최적 설계된 200,000$k{\ell}$ 강재 지붕형 LNG 저장탱크의 강재지붕에 대한 충격 및 화재 안전성 평가기법을 개발하여 이를 표준화하고 기존의 콘크리트 지붕형 탱크와 비교 평가함으로써 강재 지붕형 탱크의 충격 및 화재에 대한 정량적인 안전성 자료를 확보하였다. 각각 도출된 4가지의 충격하중 및 화재 시나리오에 대해 유한요소해석기법을 이용해서 안전성평가를 수행하였다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.78-87
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• 1998

액화천연가스 저장용 소재로 널리 사용되고 있는 Ni 함유 페라이트 강은 $2-3\%,\;5.5\%,\;9\%$ 그리고 $13\%$ Ni 강으로 크게 분류되고 그 중에서도 경제성이 있으며 $-196^{\circ}C$까지의 온도에서 파괴인성과 용접성이 매우 우수한 $9\%$ Ni강이 가장 많이 사용되고 있다. 저온에서의 우수한 파괴인성은 Ni 첨가에 의한 잔류 오스테나이트 및 페라이트의 안정화 그리고 열처리효과에 기인한다. 최근 액화천연가스 저장탱크의 대형화에 따라 보다 두껍고 인성이 큰 소재가 요구되며, 따라서 이에 부응하는 저온용 Ni 함유 페라이트 강의 개발동향을 소개하였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2016

In the present study, chitosan based self-healing anticorrosion coatings were prepared by layer by layer (lbl) addition of chitosan (Ch) and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) on mild carbon steel substrate. Chitosan coatings exhibited enhanced coating stability and corrosion resistance in aggressive environments by the application of a PVB top layer. Chitosan layer in the lbl coatings have been modified by using glutaraldehyde (Glu) and silica ($SiO_2$). Performance of different coatings was tested using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and immersion test. The best anticorrosion performance was observed in case of 10 % Ch_$SiO_2$_PVB coatings, which withstand immersion test over 25 days in 0.5 M salt solution without visible corrosion. 10 % Ch_$SiO_2$ coatings without the PVB top layer didn't last more than 3days. Application of PVB top layer sealed the defects in the chitosan pre-layer and improved its hydrophobic nature as well. Raman spectra and SEM of steel surfaces after corrosion study and removal of PVB_Ch/Glu_PVB coatings showed a passive layer of iron oxide, attributing to the self-healing nature of these coatings. Conducting particle like graphene reinforcement of chitosan in the lbl coatings enhanced corrosion resistance of chitosan coatings.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.371-382
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• 2009

The concrete plates are most widely used structural elements in the hulls of floating concrete structures such as concrete barges and pontoons, bridge decks, basement floors and liquid storage tanks. The study on the behavior of high-strength fiber reinforced concrete (HSFRC) plates was carried out to evaluate the performance of plates under in-plane and transverse loads. The plates were tested in simply supported along all the four edges and subjected to in-plane and traverse loads. In this experimental program, twenty four 150 mm diameter cylinders and twelve plate elements of size $600{\times}600{\times}30$ mm were prepared and tested. Water-to-cementitious materials ratios of 0.3 and 0.4 with 10% and 15% silica fume replacements were used in the concrete mixes. The fiber volume fractions, $V_f$ = 0%, 1% and 1.5% with an aspect ratio of 80 were used in this study. The HSFRC mixes had the concrete compressive strengths in the range of 52.5 to 70 MPa, flexural strengths ranging from 6.21 to 11.08 MPa and static modulus of elasticity ranging from 29.68 to 36.79 GPa. In this study, the behavior of HSFRC plate elements subjected to combined uniaxial in-plane and transverse loads was investigated.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.514-524
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• 2022

Carbon emissions from fuel consumption have been pointed by scientists as the cause of global warming. In particular, fossil fuels are known to emit more carbon when burned than other types of fuels. In this regard, International Maritime Organization has announced a regulation plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, recently, Liquefied Natural Gas propulsion ships are responding to such carbon reduction regulation. However, from a long-term perspective, it is necessary to use carbon-free fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia. Nitrogen oxides might be generated during ammonia combustion. There is a possibility that incompletely burned ammonia is discharged. Therefore, rather than being used as a direct fuel, Ammonia is only used to reduce NO_X such as urea solution in diesel vehicle Selective Catalyst Reduction. Currently, LPG vehicle fuel feed system studies have evaluated the durability of combustion injectors and fuel tanks in ammonia environment. However, few studies have been conducted to apply ammonia as a ship fuel. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate corrosion damage that might occur when ammonia is used as a propulsion fuel on ships.