• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2005

Gasification of carbonaceous wastes such as shredded tire, waste lubricating oil, plastics, and powdered coal initiates a single-stage reforming reactor(reformer) Without catalyst and a syngas burner. Syngas is combusted with $O_2$ gas in the syngas burner to produce $H_2O\;{and}\;CO_2$ gas with exothermic heat. Reaction products are introduced into the reforming reactor, reaction heat from syngas burner elevates the temperature of reactor above $1,200^{\circ}C$, and hydrogen gas fraction reaches 65% of the product gas output. Reactants and heat necessary for the reaction are provided through the syngas burner only. Neither $O_2$ gas nor steam is injected into the reforming reactor. Multiple syngas burners may be connected to the reforming reactor in order to increase the syngas output, and the product syngas is recycled into syngas burner.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.560-567
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 $Ni/Al_2O_3$ 촉매의 수증기 개질반응 및 표면 특성을 조사하였다. 조촉매로써 선정된 Mo를 담지하여 제조한 Ni-Mo계 촉매를 Ni계 촉매와 반응활성 비교결과 효율증진 인자를 확인할 수 있다. $H_2$-TPR 및 XPS 분석을 통하여 효율이 저하되는 특성을 확인하였다. 수증기 개질반응 long run 실험 후 촉매표면에 침적된 carbon의 침적특성 및 결합구조, 기화특성을 확인하기 위하여 $O_2$-TPO 분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 수증기 개질반응에서 Ni과 강한 상호작용으로 결합하여 촉매의 반응활성 저하를 일으키는 graphitic carbon 종 형성을 억제함으로 Ni-Mo계 촉매에서 내구성이 증진됨을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.214-223
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• 2002

Kinetic and effectiveness factors for methanol steam reforming using commercial copper-containing catalysts in a plug flow reactor were investigated over the temperature ranges of $180-250^{\circ}C$ at atmospheric pressure. The selectivity of $CO_2$/$H_2$ was almost 100%, and CO products were not observed under reaction conditions employed in this work. It was indicated that $CO_2$ was directly produced and CO was formed via the reverse water gas shift reaction after methanol steam reforming. The intrinsic kinetics for such reactions were well described by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model based on the dual-site mechanism. The six parameters in this model, including the activation energy of 103kJ/mol, were estimated from diffusion-free data. The significant effect of internal diffusion was observed for temperature higher than $230^{\circ}C$ or particle sizes larger than 0.36mm. In the diflusion-limited case, this model combined with internal effectiveness factors was also found to be good agreement with experimental data.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2014

The experimental performance evaluation of a cylindrical steam reformer with various thermal conditions has been conducted. The bottom space of the cylindrical reactor was packed with Ruthenium (Ru) catalyst. A three-segment furnace was installed to create the axially variable boundary temperature distribution. Six K-type thermocouples were inserted into the catalyst layer, and three exhaust ports were fabricated on the side wall along the flow direction. The exhausted gases at each port were analyzed by using gas chromatograph (GC) system. The experimental results showed that the reforming reaction occurs intensively in the upstream region and more hydrogen is obtained when the intake gas is sufficiently heated up through the enhanced steam reforming (SR) reaction. The axially increasing boundary temperature setup provided the maximally accumulated reforming efficiency of 74.8%, when the reactor was placed at the 3rd section of the furnace.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2011

The study is to analyze the chemical and heat-flow reactions in the hydrogen generation unit(autothermal reformer), using computational numerical tools. Autothermal reformer(ATR) is involved in complex chemical reaction, mass and heat transfer due to exothermic and endothermic reactions. Therefore it is necessary to reveal the effects of various operation parameters and geometries on the ATR performance by using numerical analysis. Numerical analysis needs to dominant chemical reactions that includes Full Combustion(FC) reaction, Steam Reforming(SR) reaction, Water-Gas Shift(WGS) reaction and Direct Steam Reforming(DSR) reaction. The objective of the study is to improve theoretically the reformer design capability for the goal of high hydrogen production in the autothermal reformer using methane. Hydrogen production reached maximum in a certain value of Oxygen to Carbon Ratio(OCR) or Steam to Carbon Ratio(SCR). When the longitudinal distance to dimeter ratio(L/D) is increased, hydrogen production increases.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.700-704
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• 2009

GTL(gas-to-liquid) 합성유 제조용 SCR(steam carbon dioxide reforming) 공정의 시뮬레이션 연구를 수행하였다. 온도 및 $CH_4/steam/CO_2$ 반응물 비와 같은 변수를 바꾸어 가면서 SCR 공정을 위한 최적 운전조건을 살펴보았다. 공정 시뮬레이션을 위해 Aspen Plus를 사용하였다. 또한 정상상태 가정하의 열역학적 물성치 계산을 위해 Aspen Plus의 RSK (Redlich-Kwong-Soave) 상태방정식을 사용하였다. FT 공정을 위한$H_2/CO$ 비, $CH_4$ 전환율, $CO_2$ 전환율을 살펴봄으로써 최적의 온도와 최적의 반응물 비를 결정하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과, SCR reformer 촉매층 출구 최적온도는 상압에서 $850^{\circ}C$ 였으며, 이 온도에서 $CH_4$ 전환율은 99%, $CO_2$ 전환율은 49%로 계산되었고, $CH_4/steam/CO_2$ 최적 반응물 비율은 1.0/1.6/0.7로 나타났다.

• 공업화학
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2024

메탄의 수증기 개질 반응에서 Ni 기반 촉매에 귀금속 Ru 및 Pd을 조촉매로 첨가하여 촉매의 활성 및 수소 생산에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 합성된 촉매는 허니컴 구조의 금속 모노리스 구조체 표면에 코팅하여 수증기 메탄 개질 반응을 수행하였다. 촉매의 특성은 XRD, TPR 및 SEM으로 분석하였으며 개질 반응 후 가스를 포집하여 GC로 조성을 분석한 후 메탄의 전환율, 수소 수율 및 CO 선택도를 측정하였다. 0.5 wt%의 Ru 첨가는 Ni의 환원 특성을 개선하였고, 99.91%의 메탄 전환율로 향상된 촉매 활성을 나타내었다. 또한, 다양한 공정 조건에 따른 반응 특성을 분석하였으며, 800 ℃의 반응 온도, 10000 h^-1 이하의 공간속도(GHSV), 3 이상의 H₂O와 CH₄의 비(S/C)에서 90% 이상의 메탄 전환율과 3.3 이상의 수소 수율을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.218-221
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• 2009

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), as high-temperature fuel cells, have various advantages. In some merits of SOFCs, high temperature operation can lead to the capability for internal reforming, providing fuel flexibility. SOFCs can directly use CH4 and CO as fuels with sufficient steam feeds. However, hydrocarbons heavier than CH4, such as ethylene, ethane, and propane, induce carbon deposition on the Ni-based anodes of SOFCs. In the case of the ethylene steam reforming reaction on a Ni-based catalyst, the rate of carbon deposition is faster than among other hydrocarbons, even aromatics. In the reformates of heavy hydrocarbons (diesel, gasoline, kerosene and JP-8), the concentration of ethylene is usually higher than other low hydrocarbons such as methane, propane and butane. It is importatnt that ethylene in the reformate is removed for stlable operation of SOFCs. A new methodology, termed post-reforming was introduced for removing low hydrocarbons from the reformate gas stream. In this work, activity tests of some post-reforming catalysts, such as CGO-Ru, CGO-Ni, and CGO-Pt, are investigated. CGO-Pt catalyst is not good for removing ethylene due to low conversion of ethylene and low selectivity of ethylene dehydrogenation. The other hand, CGO-Ru and CGO-Ni catalysts show good ethylene conversion, and CGO-Ni catalyst shows the best reaction selectivity of ethylene dehydrogenation.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.581-586
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• 2023

As the development of alternative energy is required due to the depletion of fossil fuels, interest in the use of hydrogen energy is increasing. Hydrogen is a promising clean energy source with high energy density and can lead to the application of environmentally friendly technologies. However, due to difficulties in production, storage, and transportation that prevent the application of hydrogen-based eco-friendly technology, research on reforming reactions using dimethyl ether (DME) is being conducted. Unlike other hydrocarbons, DME is attracting attention as a hydrogen carrier because it has excellent storage stability and transportability, and there is no C-C bond in the molecule. The reaction between DME and steam is one of the reforming processes with the highest hydrogen yield in theory at a temperature lower than that of other hydrocarbons. In this study, a hydrogen reforming device using DME was developed and a catalyst prepared by supporting Cu in alumina was put into a reactor to find optimal hydrogen production conditions for supplying hydrogen to fuel cells while changing reaction temperature (300-500℃), pressure (5-10 bar), and steam/carbon ratio (3:1 to 5:1).

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.63-66
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• 2007

Reformers which produce hydrogen from natural gas are essential for the operation of residential PEM fuel cells. For this purpose, steam-methane reforming reactions with Ni catalysts is primarily utilized. Commercial Ni catalysts are generally made to have porous pellet shapes in which Ni catalyst particles are uniformly dispersed over Alumina support structures. This study numerically investigates the reduction of catalyst effectiveness due to the mass transport resistances posed by porous structures of spherical catalyst pellets. The multi-component diffusion through porous media and the accurate kinetics of reforming reaction is fully considered in the numerical model. The preliminary results on the variation of the effectiveness factor according to different operation conditions are presented, which is planned to be used to develop correlations in future studies.