연구배경 : 소세포폐암은 전체 폐암의 약 20%를 차지하며, 비소세포암에 비해 예후가 불량한 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만, 최근 치료 효과가 점차 좋아지면서 생존율이 향상되고 있으며, 환자들의 적절한 치료를 위해 소세포폐암 환자의 생존 기간과 연관된 예후인자를 조사하였다. 방법 : 1993년에서 2001년까지 고신대학교 복음병원에서 소세포폐암으로 진단 및 치료받은 입원 환자 중에서 추적 경과 관찰이 가능한 394명의 의무기록을 바탕으로 예후 인자들의 생존기간을 후향적조사 분석하였다. 결과 : 남자가 314명(79.7%), 여자 80명(20.3%), 제한기 177명(44.9%), 확장기가 217명(55.1%)이었다. 이들 중 사망이 확인된 경우는 366명이었으며 중앙 생존기간은 215일이었다. 예후인자 중에서 병기, 전신 활동도, 최근 3개월간의 5% 체중감소, 항암 치료 여부, 항암 화학 약제 종류, 부가적 방사선 치료여부가 생존 기간의 연장과 통계적으로 유의하였다. 치료 여부에 따른 분석에서 대중 요법만 받은 환자의 중앙 생존 기간은 71일, 한가지의 암 치료만 받은 경우는 211일, 두 가지 이상 항암 치료를 받은 경우는 419일로 치료에 따라서 의미 있게 생존 기간이 연장되었다(p<0.000 각각). 항암화학요법과 방사선 치료를 같이 시행받은 환자들 중에서 조기동시 항암 화학 방사선 치료 군 (30명)은 지연교대 항암 화학 방사선 치료 군 (55명)보다 중앙생존기간이 유의하게 길었다(528일 대 373일, p=0.0237). 검사실 지표로는 백혈구
본 연구는 충남 공주시 K대학교의 남녀 대학생 300명을 대상으로 설문조사 및 식사조사를 통해 커피 섭취 수준에 따른 커피섭취행동, 식습관, 식사 영양소 섭취량과의 관계를 분석하였다. 설문조사는 자기기입식으로 응답되었으며, 식사조사는 주중 2일간 식사기록법으로 이루어졌다. 최근 1년간 1일 커피 섭취 수준 및 대상자 분포를 고려해 조사대상자를 커피를 섭취하지 않은 무섭취군 (non coffee group, NCG), 1일 1~2잔을 섭취한 저섭취군 (low coffee group, LCG), 1일 3잔을 섭취한 고섭취군 (high coffee group, HCG)으로 나누었다. 그 결과, 조사대상자는 남자 47.3%, 여자 52.7%로 비슷하였으며, 평균 만나이는 남자
Much has teed changed in the field of hospital administration in the It wake of the rapid development of sciences, techniques ana systematic hospital management. However, we still have a long way to go in organization, in the quality of hospital employees and hospital equipment and facilities, and in financial support in order to achieve proper hospital management. The above factors greatly effect the ability of hospitals to fulfill their obligation in patient care and nursing services. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal methods of standardization and quality nursing so as to improve present nursing services through investigations and analyses of various problems concerning nursing administration. This study has been undertaken during the six month period from October 1971 to March 1972. The 41 comprehensive hospitals have been selected iron amongst the 139 in the whole country. These have been categorized according-to the specific purposes of their establishment, such as 7 university hospitals, 18 national or public hospitals, 12 religious hospitals and 4 enterprise ones. The following conclusions have been acquired thus far from information obtained through interviews with nursing directors who are in charge of the nursing administration in each hospital, and further investigations concerning the purposes of establishment, the organization, personnel arrangements, working conditions, practices of service, and budgets of the nursing service department. 1. The nursing administration along with its activities in this country has been uncritical1y adopted from that of the developed countries. It is necessary for us to re-establish a new medical and nursing system which is adequate for our social environments through continuous study and research. 2. The survey shows that the 7 university hospitals were chiefly concerned with education, medical care and research; the 18 national or public hospitals with medical care, public health and charity work; the 2 religious hospitals with medical care, charity and missionary works; and the 4 enterprise hospitals with public health, medical care and charity works. In general, the main purposes of the hospitals were those of charity organizations in the pursuit of medical care, education and public benefits. 3. The survey shows that in general hospital facilities rate 64 per cent and medical care 60 per-cent against a 100 per cent optimum basis in accordance with the medical treatment law and approved criteria for training hospitals. In these respects, university hospitals have achieved the highest standards, followed by religious ones, enterprise ones, and national or public ones in that order. 4. The ages of nursing directors range from 30 to 50. The level of education achieved by most of the directors is that of graduation from a nursing technical high school and a three year nursing junior college; a very few have graduated from college or have taken graduate courses. 5. As for the career tenure of nurses in the hospitals: one-third of the nurses, or 38 per cent, have worked less than one year; those in the category of one year to two represent 24 pet cent. This means that a total of 62 per cent of the career nurses have been practicing their profession for less than two years. Career nurses with over 5 years experience number only 16 per cent: therefore the efficiency of nursing services has been rated very low. 6. As for the standard of education of the nurses: 62 per cent of them have taken a three year course of nursing in junior colleges, and 22 per cent in nursing technical high schools. College graduate nurses come up to only 15 per cent; and those with graduate course only 0.4 per cent. This indicates that most of the nurses are front nursing technical high schools and three year nursing junior colleges. Accordingly, it is advisable that nursing services be divided according to their functions, such as professional, technical nurses and nurse's aides. 7. The survey also shows that the purpose of nursing service administration in the hospitals has been regulated in writing in 74 per cent of the hospitals and not regulated in writing in 26 per cent of the hospitals. The general purposes of nursing are as follows: patient care, assistance in medical care and education. The main purpose of these nursing services is to establish proper operational and personnel management which focus on in-service education. 8. The nursing service departments belong to the medical departments in almost 60 per cent of the hospitals. Even though the nursing service department is formally separated, about 24 per cent of the hospitals regard it as a functional unit in the medical department. Only 5 per cent of the hospitals keep the department as a separate one. To the contrary, approximately 12 per cent of the hospitals have not established a nursing service department at all but surbodinate it to the other department. In this respect, it is required that a new hospital organization be made to acknowledge the independent function of the nursing department. In 76 per cent of the hospitals they have advisory committees under the nursing department, such as a dormitory self·regulating committee, an in-service education committee and a nursing procedure and policy committee. 9. Personnel arrangement and working conditions of nurses 1) The ratio of nurses to patients is as follows: In university hospitals, 1 to 2.9 for hospitalized patients and 1 to 4.0 for out-patients; in religious hospitals, 1 to 2.3 for hospitalized patients and 1 to 5.4 for out-patients. Grouped together this indicates that one nurse covers 2.2 hospitalized patients and 4.3 out-patients on a daily basis. The current medical treatment law stipulates that one nurse should care for 2.5 hospitalized patients or 30.0 out-patients. Therefore the statistics indicate that nursing services are being peformed with an insufficient number of nurses to cover out-patients. The current law concerns the minimum number of nurses and disregards the required number of nurses for operation rooms, recovery rooms, delivery rooms, new-born baby rooms, central supply rooms and emergency rooms. Accordingly, tile medical treatment law has been requested to be amended. 2) The ratio of doctors to nurses: In university hospitals, the ratio is 1 to 1.1; in national of public hospitals, 1 to 0.8; in religious hospitals 1 to 0.5; and in private hospitals 1 to 0.7. The average ratio is 1 to 0.8; generally the ideal ratio is 3 to 1. Since the number of doctors working in hospitals has been recently increasing, the nursing services have consequently teen overloaded, sacrificing the services to the patients. 3) The ratio of nurses to clerical staff is 1 to 0.4. However, the ideal ratio is 5 to 1, that is, 1 to 0.2. This means that clerical personnel far outnumber the nursing staff. 4) The ratio of nurses to nurse's-aides; The average 2.5 to 1 indicates that most of the nursing service are delegated to nurse's-aides owing to the shortage of registered nurses. This is the main cause of the deterioration in the quality of nursing services. It is a real problem in the guest for better nursing services that certain hospitals employ a disproportionate number of nurse's-aides in order to meet financial requirements. 5) As for the working conditions, most of hospitals employ a three-shift day with 8 hours of duty each. However, certain hospitals still use two shifts a day. 6) As for the working environment, most of the hospitals lack welfare and hygienic facilities. 7) The salary basis is the highest in the private university hospitals, with enterprise hospitals next and religious hospitals and national or public ones lowest. 8) Method of employment is made through paper screening, and further that the appointment of nurses is conditional upon the favorable opinion of the nursing directors. 9) The unemployment ratio for one year in 1971 averaged 29 per cent. The reasons for unemployment indicate that the highest is because of marriage up to 40 per cent, and next is because of overseas employment. This high unemployment ratio further causes the deterioration of efficiency in nursing services and supplementary activities. The hospital authorities concerned should take this matter into a jeep consideration in order to reduce unemployment. 10) The importance of in-service education is well recognized and established. 1% has been noted that on the-job nurses. training has been most active, with nursing directors taking charge of the orientation programs of newly employed nurses. However, it is most necessary that a comprehensive study be made of instructors, contents and methods of education with a separate section for in-service education. 10. Nursing services'activities 1) Division of services and job descriptions are urgently required. 81 per rent of the hospitals keep written regulations of services in accordance with nursing service manuals. 19 per cent of the hospitals do not keep written regulations. Most of hospitals delegate to the nursing directors or certain supervisors the power of stipulating service regulations. In 21 per cent of the total hospitals they have policy committees, standardization committees and advisory committees to proceed with the stipulation of regulations. 2) Approximately 81 per cent of the hospitals have service channels in which directors, supervisors, head nurses and staff nurses perform their appropriate services according to the service plans and make up the service reports. In approximately 19 per cent of the hospitals the staff perform their nursing services without utilizing the above channels. 3) In the performance of nursing services, a ward manual is considered the most important one to be utilized in about 32 percent of hospitals. 25 per cent of hospitals indicate they use a kardex; 17 per cent use ward-rounding, and others take advantage of work sheets or coordination with other departments through conferences. 4) In about 78 per cent of hospitals they have records which indicate the status of personnel, and in 22 per cent they have not. 5) It has been advised that morale among nurses may be increased, ensuring more efficient services, by their being able to exchange opinions and views with each other. 6) The satisfactory performance of nursing services rely on the following factors to the degree indicated: approximately 32 per cent to the systematic nursing activities and services; 27 per cent to the head nurses ability for nursing diagnosis; 22 per cent to an effective supervisory system; 16 per cent to the hospital facilities and proper supply, and 3 per cent to effective in·service education. This means that nurses, supervisors, head nurses and directors play the most important roles in the performance of nursing services. 11. About 87 per cent of the hospitals do not have separate budgets for their nursing departments, and only 13 per cent of the hospitals have separate budgets. It is recommended that the planning and execution of the nursing administration be delegated to the pertinent administrators in order to bring about improved proved performances and activities in nursing services.
Digital Convergence means integration between industry, technology, and contents, and in marketing, it usually comes with creation of new types of product and service under the base of digital technology as digitalization progress in electro-communication industries including telecommunication, home appliance, and computer industries. One can see digital convergence not only in instruments such as PC, AV appliances, cellular phone, but also in contents, network, service that are required in production, modification, distribution, re-production of information. Convergence in contents started around 1990. Convergence in network and service begins as broadcasting and telecommunication integrates and DMB(digital multimedia broadcasting), born in May, 2005 is the symbolic icon in this trend. There are some positive and negative expectations about DMB. The reason why two opposite expectations exist is that DMB does not come out from customer's need but from technology development. Therefore, customers might have hard time to interpret the real meaning of DMB. Time is quite critical to a high tech product, like DMB because another product with same function from different technology can replace the existing product within short period of time. If DMB does not positioning well to customer's mind quickly, another products like Wibro, IPTV, or HSPDA could replace it before it even spreads out. Therefore, positioning strategy is critical for success of DMB product. To make correct positioning strategy, one needs to understand how consumer interprets DMB and how consumer's interpretation can be changed via communication strategy. In this study, we try to investigate how consumer perceives a new product, like DMB and how AD strategy change consumer's perception. More specifically, the paper segment consumers into sub-groups based on their DMB perceptions and compare their characteristics in order to understand how they perceive DMB. And, expose them different printed ADs that have messages guiding consumer think DMB in specific ways, either cellular phone or personal TV. Research Question 1: Segment consumers according to perceptions about DMB and compare characteristics of segmentations. Research Question 2: Compare perceptions about DMB after AD that induces categorization of DMB in direction for each segment. If one understand and predict a direction in which consumer perceive a new product, firm can select target customers easily. We segment consumers according to their perception and analyze characteristics in order to find some variables that can influence perceptions, like prior experience, usage, or habit. And then, marketing people can use this variables to identify target customers and predict their perceptions. If one knows how customer's perception is changed via AD message, communication strategy could be constructed properly. Specially, information from segmented customers helps to develop efficient AD strategy for segment who has prior perception. Research framework consists of two measurements and one treatment, O1 X O2. First observation is for collecting information about consumer's perception and their characteristics. Based on first observation, the paper segment consumers into two groups, one group perceives DMB similar to Cellular phone and the other group perceives DMB similar to TV. And compare characteristics of two segments in order to find reason why they perceive DMB differently. Next, we expose two kinds of AD to subjects. One AD describes DMB as Cellular phone and the other Ad describes DMB as personal TV. When two ADs are exposed to subjects, consumers don't know their prior perception of DMB, in other words, which subject belongs 'similar-to-Cellular phone' segment or 'similar-to-TV' segment? However, we analyze the AD's effect differently for each segment. In research design, final observation is for investigating AD effect. Perception before AD is compared with perception after AD. Comparisons are made for each segment and for each AD. For the segment who perceives DMB similar to TV, AD that describes DMB as cellular phone could change the prior perception. And AD that describes DMB as personal TV, could enforce the prior perception. For data collection, subjects are selected from undergraduate students because they have basic knowledge about most digital equipments and have open attitude about a new product and media. Total number of subjects is 240. In order to measure perception about DMB, we use indirect measurement, comparison with other similar digital products. To select similar digital products, we pre-survey students and then finally select PDA, Car-TV, Cellular Phone, MP3 player, TV, and PSP. Quasi experiment is done at several classes under instructor's allowance. After brief introduction, prior knowledge, awareness, and usage about DMB as well as other digital instruments is asked and their similarities and perceived characteristics are measured. And then, two kinds of manipulated color-printed AD are distributed and similarities and perceived characteristics for DMB are re-measured. Finally purchase intension, AD attitude, manipulation check, and demographic variables are asked. Subjects are given small gift for participation. Stimuli are color-printed advertising. Their actual size is A4 and made after several pre-test from AD professionals and students. As results, consumers are segmented into two subgroups based on their perceptions of DMB. Similarity measure between DMB and cellular phone and similarity measure between DMB and TV are used to classify consumers. If subject whose first measure is less than the second measure, she is classified into segment A and segment A is characterized as they perceive DMB like TV. Otherwise, they are classified as segment B, who perceives DMB like cellular phone. Discriminant analysis on these groups with their characteristics of usage and attitude shows that Segment A knows much about DMB and uses a lot of digital instrument. Segment B, who thinks DMB as cellular phone doesn't know well about DMB and not familiar with other digital instruments. So, consumers with higher knowledge perceive DMB similar to TV because launching DMB advertising lead consumer think DMB as TV. Consumers with less interest on digital products don't know well about DMB AD and then think DMB as cellular phone. In order to investigate perceptions of DMB as well as other digital instruments, we apply Proxscal analysis, Multidimensional Scaling technique at SPSS statistical package. At first step, subjects are presented 21 pairs of 7 digital instruments and evaluate similarity judgments on 7 point scale. And for each segment, their similarity judgments are averaged and similarity matrix is made. Secondly, Proxscal analysis of segment A and B are done. At third stage, get similarity judgment between DMB and other digital instruments after AD exposure. Lastly, similarity judgments of group A-1, A-2, B-1, and B-2 are named as 'after DMB' and put them into matrix made at the first stage. Then apply Proxscal analysis on these matrixes and check the positional difference of DMB and after DMB. The results show that map of segment A, who perceives DMB similar as TV, shows that DMB position closer to TV than to Cellular phone as expected. Map of segment B, who perceive DMB similar as cellular phone shows that DMB position closer to Cellular phone than to TV as expected. Stress value and R-square is acceptable. And, change results after stimuli, manipulated Advertising show that AD makes DMB perception bent toward Cellular phone when Cellular phone-like AD is exposed, and that DMB positioning move towards Car-TV which is more personalized one when TV-like AD is exposed. It is true for both segment, A and B, consistently. Furthermore, the paper apply correspondence analysis to the same data and find almost the same results. The paper answers two main research questions. The first one is that perception about a new product is made mainly from prior experience. And the second one is that AD is effective in changing and enforcing perception. In addition to above, we extend perception change to purchase intention. Purchase intention is high when AD enforces original perception. AD that shows DMB like TV makes worst intention. This paper has limitations and issues to be pursed in near future. Methodologically, current methodology can't provide statistical test on the perceptual change, since classical MDS models, like Proxscal and correspondence analysis are not probability models. So, a new probability MDS model for testing hypothesis about configuration needs to be developed. Next, advertising message needs to be developed more rigorously from theoretical and managerial perspective. Also experimental procedure could be improved for more realistic data collection. For example, web-based experiment and real product stimuli and multimedia presentation could be employed. Or, one can display products together in simulated shop. In addition, demand and social desirability threats of internal validity could influence on the results. In order to handle the threats, results of the model-intended advertising and other "pseudo" advertising could be compared. Furthermore, one can try various level of innovativeness in order to check whether it make any different results (cf. Moon 2006). In addition, if one can create hypothetical product that is really innovative and new for research, it helps to make a vacant impression status and then to study how to form impression in more rigorous way.
고도난청아(高度難聽兒)에 대(對)한 잔존청력(殘存聽力)을 조사(調査)하기 위(爲)하여 1973년(年) 3월(月) 10일(日)부터 동년(同年) 11월(月) 28일(日)까지 한사대(韓社大) 부속(附屬) 농학교(聾學校) 재학생(在學生) 207명(名)(초등(初等) 138명(名), 중등(中等) 47명(名), 고등(高等) 22명(名)), 즉(卽) 남(男) 135명(名), 여(女) 72명(名)을 대상(對象)으로 문진(問診)을 통(通)한 사회의학적(社會醫學的) 배경조사(背景調査)와 특수교육연구소(特殊敎育硏究所) 방음실(防音室)에서 AS-105형(型) 진단용(診斷用) TRIO 청력측정기(聽力測定器)에 의(依)한 청력검사결과(聽力檢査結果), 다음과 같은 성적(成績)을 얻었으므로 이에 보고(報告)하는 바이다. (1) 의무교육(義務敎育)은 초등교육(初等敎育)의 취학률(就學率)도 정상아(正常兒)에 있어서와 달리 난청출현율(難聽出現率)에 비례(比例)하여 고도난청아(高度難聽兒)에 있어서는 여자(女子)쪽이 현저(顯著)히 낮은 경향(傾向)이었고, 상분학교(上粉學校)(중(中),고(高))에 진학(進學)할수록 더욱 심(甚)한 격차(隔差)를 보였다. (2) 적령기(適齡期)(초등(初等) 만(滿) 6세(歲), 중등(中等) 12세(歲), 고등(高等) 15세(歲))에 입학(入學)한 학생(學生)은 11.3%, 학령기(學齡期)(초(初) 6세(歲)
목 적: 전국 병원의 방사선종양학과에서 식도암으로 방사선 치료를 받은 환자들을 각 병원으로부터 입력 받아 세부 항목별로 분석하여 식도암 환자들의 구성과 특징을 파악하여 범국가적인 자료로 활용하는 한편 치료방침을 분석하여 향후 적절한 치료를 위한 가이드라인으로 삼고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 전국 병원의 방사선종양학과에서 1998년과 1999년의 2년간에 걸쳐 식도암으로 확진된 246명을 대상으로 하였다. 연간 400명 미만의 방사선치료 신환자 발생병원들을 A군, 400명 이상 900명 미만의 병원들을 B군, 그리고 900명 이상 신환자가 발생하는 병원을 C군으로 분류하여 최종적으로 A군에서 12병원, B군에서 8개 병원, 그리고 C군에서 3개의 병원이 연구에 참여하였다. 이미 개발된 Web-based Korean PCS system을 통해 각 병원으로부터 직접 자료를 입력 받아 이를 세부 항목별로 분석하였고 통계적 처리는 SPSS version 12.0.1을 사용하고 범주형 자료는 Chi-squared test를 사용하였고 연속변수는 ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test를 적용하였다. 결 과: 입력된 환자들의 성별 분포는 남자 224명(91.1%), 여자 22명(8.9%)이었고 연령별 중앙값은 62세 전후였다. 진단 및 병기결정을 위한 검사로는 식도 촬영술(228명, 92.7%), 식도내시경(226명, 91.9%) 및 흉부 식도 CT 스캔(238명, 96.7%)을 주로 시행하였다. 편평상피암이 대종을 이루어 237명(96.3%)의 환자에서 관찰되었고 중흉부식도(mid-thoracic esophagus)에서 발생한 식도암이 가장 많았다(110명, 44.7%). 임상 병기는 III기가 과반수 이상을 차지하였다(135명, 54.9%). 방사선 치료만 받은 경우는 57명(23.2%), 방사선 치료와 수술을 병용한 경우는 전체의 15%인 37명, 항암약물 치료와 방사선 치료를 병용한 경우는 123명(50%)이었다. 수술과 방사선 치료를 병행한 경우 전례에서 수술을 먼저 시행한 후 방사선 치료를 하였다. 항암치료를 방사선치료와 병행한 경우 반수 이상에서(70명, 56.9%) 동시항암방사선 치료를 시행하였고 31명(25.2%)에서 항암치료 후 방사선치료를 또는 항암요법 단독치료 후 동시항암방사선치료를(13명, 10.6%) 시행하였다. 방사선 치료는 6 MV (116명, 47.2%)와 10 MV (87명, 35.4%)의 X-ray가 대종을 이루었다. 방사선 치료 시 조사야는 longitudinal margin의 경우 중앙값은 7.0 cm이었지만 각 군별로 현저한 차이가 있었다(A군; 5.5 cm, B군; 8.0 cm, C군; 14.0 cm). 계획용 CT를 사용하지 않고 고식적인 AP/PA 조사야를 사용하여 치료한 경우가 대부분이었는데(206명, 83.7%) 이 때 방사선 조사량의 중앙값은 3,600 cGy이었다. 이후 추가 방사선 치료 시 계획용 CT를 사용하지 않고 2-oblique fields 사용하여 치료한 경우가 87명(35.4%)이었는데 방사선 조사량의 중앙값은 1,800 cGy이었다. 전 환자에서 1일 1회 180 cGy로 치료하였다. 전 환자에서 조사된 총 방사선량의 중앙값은 5,580 cGy이었다. 수술 후 방사선 치료를 시행한 경우 중앙값은 5,040 cGy이었고 수술을 받지 않은 환자 중앙값은 5,940 cGy이었다. 근접조사 방사선 치료는 총 34명(13.8%)에서 시행되었고, 전 환자에서 high dose rate Iridium-192를 사용하였다. 조사범위는 종양에서 longitudinal margin의 중앙값은 1 cm, prescribed isodose curve에서 axial length의 평균값은 8.25 cm, 폭은 2 cm, 그리고 전후 폭의 중앙값도 2 cm이었다. Fraction size의 중앙값은 300 cGy이었는데 B군의 경우는 500 cGy이었다. 총 분할 횟수는
최근 대형마트를 중심으로 유통업자브랜드(PB) 상품의 확대가 이루어지고 있다. 대형마트는 소비자가 상품을 구입할 때 PB를 또 하나의 고려 상표군으로 인식하길 바라고 있지만, 소비자들의 반응은 여전히 PB상품에 대해 중립적인 입장이다. 즉 소비자마다 각기 다른 평가를 내리고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 PB상품을 구매한 소비자들의 특성을 분석하여 PB상품 개발과 판매에 있어 마케팅적 시사점을 주고자 한다. 본 연구는 서울과 경기 지역에 있는 소비자 설문조사 자료를 이용하였으며 프로빗 모형을 이용하여 PB상품을 구매하는 소비자들의 특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 인구통계학적 특성으로는 결혼여부, 소득수준, 거주지역이 PB상품 구매에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났으며, 구매특성으로는 대형마트 방문 빈도가 유의한 요인으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 살펴보면, 미혼자보다 기혼자가 PB상품을 구입할 확률이 더 높게 나타나, DM(Direct Mail)발송이나 핸드폰 SMS(Short Message Service) 발송 등 PB상품 판촉활동의 타겟팅에 있어 기혼자에 대한 비중을 높일 필요가 있을 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 소득수준과 관련해서는 고소득계층보다 중산층(월소득 301~600만원) 소비자들이, 서울지역보다는 지방 거주 소비자들이 PB상품 구매 확률이 높았다. 이러한 소비자들의 특성은 가격에 민감하기 때문에 소비자를 위한 추가 증정, 사은품 지급, 1+1행사 등을 강화할 필요가 있을 것으로 보인다. 셋째, 대형마트 방문 빈도가 월 2회 증가할 경우, PB상품을 구매할 확률이 5.3%이상 증가하는 것으로 나타나 소비자들의 내점빈도를 높일 수 있는 재미있는 매장 만들기, 찾아오는 서비스 등 다양한 집객 전략이 필요해 보인다. 결론적으로 PB상품이 단지 가격이 저렴한 일회성 구매 상품이라는 한계를 넘어 NB상품처럼 상품에 대한 로열티를 높이고 지속적 구매가 일어나도록 하기 위해서는 PB상품을 다른 제조업체 브랜드처럼 카테고리 내에서 하나의 고려 상품군(consideration commodity set)이 될 수 있도록 하는 노력이 필요하다.