• Title/Summary/Keyword: static symptoms

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Morphological and Genetic Characteristics of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Isolated from Newly Emerging Static-Symptom Anthracnose in Apple

  • Jeon, Yongho;Cheon, Wonsu
    • 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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    • 2014.10a
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    • pp.34-34
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    • 2014
  • Filamentous fungi of the genus Colletotrichum (teleomorph, Glomerella) are considered major plant pathogens worldwide. Cereals, legumes, vegetables, and fruit trees may be seriously affected by this pathogen (1). Colletotrichum species cause typical disease symptoms known as anthracnoses, characterized by sunken necrotic tissue, where orange conidial masses are produced. Anthracnose appears in both developing and mature plant tissues (2). We investigated disease occurrence in apple orchards from 2013 to 2014 in northern Gyeongbuk province, Korea. Typical anthracnose with advanced symptoms was observed in all apple orchards studied. Of late, static fruit spot symptoms are being observed in apple orchards. A small lesion, which does not expand further and remains static until the harvesting season, is observed at the beginning of fruit growth period. In our study, static symptoms, together with the typical symptoms, were observed on apples. The isolated fungus was tested for pathogenicity on cv. 'Fuji apple' (fully ripe fruits, unripe fruits, and cross-section of fruits) by inoculating the fruits with a conidial suspension ($10^5$ conidia/ml). In apple inoculated with typical anthracnose fungus, the anthracnose symptoms progressed, and dark lesions with salmon-colored masses of conidia were observed on fruit, which were also soft and sunken. However, in apple inoculated with fungi causing static symptoms, the size of the spots did not increase. Interestingly, the shape and size of the conidia and the shape of the appressoria of both types of fungi were found to be similar. The conidia of the two types of fungi were straight and cylindrical, with an obtuse apex. The culture and morphological characteristics of the conidia were similar to those of C. gloeosporioides (5). The conidia of C. gloeosporioides germinate and form appressoria in response to chemical signals such as host surface wax and the fruitripening hormone ethylene (3). In this study, the spores started to germinate 4 h after incubation with an ethephon suspension. Then, the germ tubes began to swell, and subsequently, differentiation into appressoria with dark thick walls was completed by 8 h. In advanced symptoms, fungal spores of virtually all the appressoria formed primary hyphae within 16 h. However, in the static-symptom fungus spores, no primary hyphae formed by 16 h. The two types of isolates exhibited different growth rates on medium containing apple pectin, Na polypectate, or glucose as the sole carbon. Static-symptom fungi had a >10% reduction in growth (apple pectin, 14.9%; Na polypectate, 27.7%; glucose, 10.4%). The fungal isolates were also genetically characterized by sequencing. ITS regions of rDNA, chitin synthase 1 (CHS1), actin (ACT), and ${\beta}$-tubulin (${\beta}t$) were amplified from isolates using primer pairs ITS 1 and ITS 4 (4), CHS-79F and CHS-354R, ACT-512F and ACT-783R, and T1 and ${\beta}t2$ (5), respectively. The resulting sequences showed 100% identity with sequences of C. gloeosporioides at KC493156, and the sequence of the ${\beta}$t gene showed 100% identity with C. gloeosporioides at JX009557.1. Therefore, sequence data from the four loci studied proves that the isolated pathogen is C. gloeosporioides. We also performed random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR, which showed clearly differentiated subgroups of C. gloeosporioides genotypes. The clustering of these groups was highly related to the symptom types of the individual strains.

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Ergonomic Risk Factors and Musculoskeletal Symptoms among University Laboratory Researchers (일부 대학 실험실 연구자들의 근골격계질환 위험 요인과 증상)

  • Lee, Yun Keun;Lee, Ik Mo;Park, Jeong Im;Yoon, Chung Sik;Rhie, Kwang Won;Park, Hee Sok
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.307-314
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    • 2013
  • Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptoms relating to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and investigate the risk factors among researchers at university laboratories. Methods: 209 researchers were included in this study, drawn from 27 laboratories at three universities in Korea. Checklists for MSD symptoms and risk factor assessment were utilized. Results: The symptoms checklist showed reliable results with Cohen's Kappa 0.33-0.56, percent agreement 81.0-96.8%, and correlation coefficient 0.41-0.63. The overall prevalence of MSD symptoms was 68.9%, while the prevalence in specific parts of body were as follows: shoulders (47.6%), lower back (46.9%), neck (46.9%), knees (25.4%), wrists (20.1%), elbows (13.6%). The symptom prevalence among women was higher than among men (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.37-5.18). Daily exposure time was observed to be a significant risk factor for developing MSD symptoms (OR 2.14-6.07). Conclusions: This study suggested that repetitive pipetting and static work posture are the most significant risk factors for MSD symptoms among laboratory researchers.

A Study on the Clinical Utilization of Personal Health Records of Stool and Urine in Korean Medicine (대소변 개인건강기록의 임상연계 활용 연구)

  • Kim, Anna;Kim, Sanghyun;Lee, Seungho;Kim, Young-eun;Jang, Hyunchul
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.133-143
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    • 2019
  • Objectives : In this study, we analyze the medical significance of feces symptoms so that the daily records of the feces of individuals can be not only used as a measure of individual health monitoring in daily life, but also more actively connected to the medical treatment of the Korean Medicine (KM). Methods : Categories and clinically significant attributes for symptoms of Urination and defecation in the KM ontology DB are determined, and connected to KM related dialectical indicators by experts' common criteria including Viscera and Bowels [臟腑], eight principles [八綱], Qi Blood fluid and humor phlegm-retained fluid static blood [氣血津液痰飮瘀血], six excesses [六淫]. Results : The analysis of the symptoms of feces in the Korea Medicine ontology shows that the symptoms of stool in categories of 'stool stiffness', 'blood swelling', 'discomfort' are highly ranked among the overall clinical symptom categories. In the case of urine symptoms, symptoms corresponding to 'urine color,' 'urine discomfort,' and 'urine volume' are the top rankers among other total clinical symptoms. In the case of stool, the relationship between the symptom of stool and the categories of spleen, stomach, and colon is increased as the weighted symptom is considered. The relationship between the symptom of urine and the categories of the small intestine and the bladder is increased in the same way. Conclusions : This study could help better utilize the personal generated health records of feces in clinical practice of Korean Medicine.

The Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Symptoms During Work From Home Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic

  • Sjahrul Meizar Nasri;Indri Hapsari Susilowati;Bonardo Prayogo Hasiholan;Akbar Nugroho Sitanggang;Ida Ayu Gede Jyotidiwy;Nurrachmat Satria;Magda Sabrina Theofany Simanjuntak
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.66-70
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    • 2023
  • Background: Online teaching and learning extend the duration of using gadgets such as mobile phones and tablets. A prolonged usage of these gadgets in a static position can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Therefore, this study aims to identify the risk factors related to musculoskeletal symptoms while using gadgets during work from home due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional survey with online-based questionnaires was collected from the University of Indonesia, consisting of lecturers, students, and managerial staff. The minimum number of respondents was 1,080 and was defined by stratified random sampling. Furthermore, the dependent variable was musculoskeletal symptoms, while the independent were age, gender, job position, duration, activity when using gadgets, and how to hold them. Result: Most of the respondents had mobile phones but only 16% had tablets. Furthermore, about 56.7% have used a mobile phone for more than 10 years, while about 89.7% have used a tablet for less than 10 years. A multivariate analysis found factors that were significantly associated with MSD symptoms while using a mobile phone, such as age, gender, web browsing activity, work, or college activities. These activities include doing assignments and holding the phone with two hands with two thumbs actively operating. The factors that were significantly associated with MSD symptoms when using tablets were gender, academic position, social media activity, and placing the tablet on a table with two actively working index fingers. Conclusion: Therefore, from the results of this study it is necessary to have WFH and e-learning policies to reduce MSD symptoms and enhance productivity at work.

Immediate Effects of Ankle Dorsiflexor Facilitation Dynamic Taping on Static and Dynamic Balance and Gait Speed in Stroke Patients With Foot Drop (발등굽힘근 촉진 다이나믹 테이핑이 발 처짐이 있는 뇌졸중 환자의 정적, 동적 균형과 보행 속도에 미치는 즉각적 효과)

  • Im, Jin-gu;Kim, Suhn-yeop
    • Physical Therapy Korea
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.19-27
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    • 2022
  • Background: Foot drop is a common symptom in stroke patients. Tape applications are widely used to manage foot drop symptoms. Previous studies have evaluated the effects of static and dynamic balance and gait on foot drop using kinesiology tape; however, only few studies have used dynamic tape application in stroke patients with foot drop. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of dynamic taping, which facilitates the dorsiflexor muscle, on static and dynamic balance and gait speed in stroke patients with foot drop. Methods: The study included 34 voluntary patients (17 men, 17 women) with stroke. The patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 17), wherein dynamic taping was used to facilitate the dorsiflexor muscle, or the control group (n = 17), wherein kinesiology taping was used. Before the taping application, velocity average, path-length average, Berg balance scale, and timed up and go test (TUG) were recorded to measure static and dynamic balance, whereas the 10-meter walk test (10MWT) was used to measure gait speed. After the taping application, these parameters were re-evaluated in both groups. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used. Statistical significance levels were set to α = 0.05. Results: Except for the 10MWT scores in the control group, significant differences were noted in all the parameters measured for static and dynamic balance and gait speed between the pre and post-test (p < 0.05). However, the parameters showed significant interaction effects between group and time in the TUG and 10MWT (p < 0.01). Conclusion: These results indicate that compared with kinesiology taping, dynamic taping used in chronic stroke patients with foot drop had a more significant effect on dynamic balance and gait speed.

Study on the Standardization of Korean Pattern Identification for Wind Stroke (한국형 중풍변증 지표에 대한 신뢰도 연구)

  • Lee, Sun-Woo;Kang, Byeong-Kab;Kang, Baek-Gyu;Han, Deok-Jin;Lee, Jung-Wook;Shin, Sun-Ho;Moon, Byung-Soon;Lee, In
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.453-458
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    • 2008
  • This study aimed to develop an evaluation reliability of Korean pattern identification for wind stroke. We studied 643 patients with stroke and made a list of registry for each of them. The present study analyzed 553 cases, in which the resident’s pattern identification agreed with the specialist’s one, and the cases included five differentiation pattern: the fire-heat pattern (114), the dampness-phlegm pattern (157), the static blood pattern (11), the Yin deficiency pattern (81), and the Qi deficiency pattern (190). This study showed that none of the Cronbach's alpha reached 0.700, which is the general reliable level. The average Cronbach's alpha of each symptoms was 0.353 for the dampness-phlegm pattern, 0.571 for the fire-heat pattern, 0.443 for the Qi deficiency pattern, 0.451 for the Yin deficiency pattern, and 0.302 for the static blood pattern. This suggests the possibility that each pattern identification could be coincided with other symptoms, and it also shows the limits of pattern identification of this study that narrows the symptoms of paralysis patients into only a single pattern. Continuous compliments and researches should be done referring to this matter. However, the internal consistency analysis of all the pattern identification showed that every Cronbach's alpha were within the range of 0.670 to 0.703, and the Cronbach's alpha of the whole symptoms was evaluated as 0.692, which makes the reliability of the pattern identification as itself almost satisfactory to the general reliable level, and therefore, significant. In the future, continuous clinical research to develope this pattern identification for wind stroke actually applicable to stroke patients needs to be made through accumulating more cases, improving the objectivity.

Comparison of the Balance Relations Between Healthy Subjects and Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain (만성 요통환자와 정상인의 균형반응 비교)

  • Yang, Hoi-Song;Lee, Kang-Woo
    • Physical Therapy Korea
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.1-17
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to identify the differences of the static and the dynamic balance reactions in the flexion syndrome (FS) and the extension syndrome (ES) group of the patients with chronic lowback pain (LBP) and healthy subjects. Twenty subjects were included in each group. By using EquiTest 5.02, the static balance was measured by the equilibrium score and the strategy score of sensory organization test (SOT), while the dynamic balance was measured by the latency of motor control test (MCT) and the sway energy of adaptation test (ADT). Oswestry Disability Index (OSI) was used to measure level of the disability in patients with chronic LBP. The equilibrium scores, the strategies of SOT, and thelatencies of MCT of three groups were compared with one way ANOVA, while the sway energy of ADT was compared with repeated measures one way ANOVA. The results of this study showed that the equilibrium scores and the strategy scores of SOT were significantly lower in patients with chronic LBP than in healthy subjects. The equilibrium scores and the strategy scores of SOT were significantly differences between the FS and ES groups in condition 5 (support surface was sway-referenced and visual information waseliminated by eye closure), and 6 (support surface was sway-referenced and visual information was altered by sway-referencing). The FS group showed delayed average reaction time at large posterior translation, however, the ES group showed delayed average reaction time at large anterior translation, Even though the sway energy of the patients with chronic LBP were greater than that of healthy subjects during the toe down (plantar flexion rotation), the values between the FS and ES groups didn't show any significant difference. The disability level showed highly correlation with the equilibrium score of the condition 5. As the results, the FS and ES groups divided by the their symptoms and signs in patients with chronic LBP showed different balance reaction. Therefore, more accurate evaluation and balance treatments are needed to focus on their symptoms and signs in patients with chronic LBP.

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A Study of Varicose Veins in Prolonged Standing at Work (서서 일하는 작업에서의 정맥류 발생에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Yun-Keun;Yim, Sang-Hyuk
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.139-146
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    • 2010
  • Recent studies suggest that prolonged standing at work is associated with varicose veins (VV). The objective of this study was to analyze the differences of VV risk in terms of work types in casino dealers and hotel service workers. Symptoms of VV were evaluated using a self-reported questionnaire from 2,092 participants, and muscle fatigue in the lower legs were evaluated using surface electromyography. The shift rate of median frequency in Gastrocnemius was -30.0% among the casino dealers working in prolonged static standing posture, and - 14.3% among the casino dealers sitting during working time. After adjusting age, gender, smoking, and family history of VV, the risk ratio of VV was 3.67(95% CI 2.03-6.59) in group I (prolonged standing and occasional walking at work), 6.29(95% CI 3.48-11.35) in group II (prolonged standing, occasional walking and heavy lifting at work), and 8.07(95% CI 4.51-14.43) in groupIII(prolonged static standing at work). In conclusion, prolonged standing at work may be a work related risk factor of VV.

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Subsequent Adjuvant Chemotherapy with Hydroxyurea after Craniotomy in a Cat with a Meningioma

  • Chae-Yeon Kim;Jin-Young Kim;Yoon-Ho Roh;Kun-Ho Song;Joong-Hyun Song
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.341-348
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    • 2023
  • An 11-year-old neutered male domestic short-haired cat presented with neurological symptoms that developed over a three-month period. These included mental dullness, vocalization, ataxia, and visual impairment. The patient was diagnosed with a primary intracranial tumor at a local animal hospital. After the first diagnosis, the cat was administered hydroxyurea, prednisolone, omeprazole, and gabapentin for 3 months. After the initiation of medical treatment, the patient's clinical symptoms did not improve and the size of the tumor was static on the second magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The dosage of hydroxyurea and prednisolone was increased for two weeks. The patient's clinical signs improved, and subsequently, a craniotomy was performed. The clinical signs completely resolved six days after surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy with hydroxyurea was continuously administered after the craniotomy. The patient demonstrated a good clinical status during the nine-month follow-up period. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has not yet been reported for meningiomas in cats. Further clinical trials with longer follow-up periods and larger patient cohorts will be required to confirm the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with hydroxyurea in feline meningioma.

Study of the Herbal Medicine for Stroke by Korean Standization of Pattern Identification for Stroke (한국형 중풍변증표준안-Ⅱ의 변증별 사용 처방에 대한 연구)

  • Kang, Ji-Sun;Kang, Byung-Gab;An, Joung-Jo;Jo, Hyun-Kyung;Yoo, Ho-Rhyong;Seol, In-Chan;Kim, Yoon-Sik
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.469-480
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    • 2008
  • This study was performed to investigate using of herbal medicine based on pattern identification of symptoms, such as Qi deficiency pattern, Yin deficiency pattern, Phlegm -dampness pattern, Static blood pattern, Fire-heat pattern. These patterns settled by Korean Standard Differentiation of the Symptoms and Signs for Stroke in 2005. This study was done with 177 patients in Daejeon University Oriental Medical Hospital in the period of November 2006 to July 2007. Among the five types of pattern identification, Phlegm -dampness pattern showed significantly high frequency especially in 3 weeks after stroke. The sort of herbal medicine was 43 and Dodamhwalhyoel-tang(26.61%), Sunhwanki 1 hobang(14.52%), Banhabaekchulcheonma-tang(4.84%), Ansinchongnoi-tang(4.84%), Chongryuldodam-tang(4.03%) were most frequently used. Especially Dodamhwalhyoel-tang showed significantly high frequency in 2 weeks after stroke. Based on these results, it is suggested that more practical Korean Standard Differentiation of the Symptoms and Signs for Stroke would be established through continuous clinical studies by giving weight on relationship between herbal medicine and pattern identification.