• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.421-429
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the effects of arch support taping on static balance, static/dynamic foot contact area, and ground reaction force during walking according to the types of elastic tapes with mechanical elasticity differences. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Twenty-six participants selected for flexible flat feet through the navicular drop test were randomly assigned to non-taping, Dynamic-taping, and Mechano-taping conditions. Static balance and foot contact area were compared in the standing posture according to arch support taping conditions, and foot contact area and ground reaction force were compared during walking. Results: There was no significant difference in static balance according to the taping condition in the standing position, but the foot contact area in the Mechano-taping condition showed a significant decrease compared to the non-taping condition (p<0.05). The foot contact area during walking significantly decreased in the Dynamic-taping and Mechano-taping conditions (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the ground reaction force. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that among the types of elastic taping, arch support taping using dynamic taping and Mechano-taping has the effect of supporting the arch with high elastic recovery. Any type of elastic tape can be used for arch alignment in flexible flat foot.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.537-557
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pelvic traction and muscle energy technique(MET) for hemiplegic patients on static standing balance. The scale for static standing balance is measured by using mean balance(%), frequence(Hz), sway area($mm^2$), sway path(mm), max sway velocity(mm/s), ant/post sway angle($^{\circ}$), lateral sway angle($^{\circ}$), sway number, change of pelvic height is measured in relation to the height of ASIS and PSIS. The subjects of this study were thirty hemiplegic patients: 15men and 15 women, with an average ages of 50.80 years. The thirty subjects were divided into 3 group of 10 at random ; ten subjects had pelvic traction after bobath therapy (the pelvic traction group), ten subjects had muscle energy technique after bobath therapy (the MET group), and ten subjects had only bobath therapy (the control group). Static standing balance was measured using BPM (balance performance monitor; data print software version 5.3), pelvic height was measured using height measuring with an adjustable horizontal arm. In order to assure the statistical significant of the result, an one-way ANOVA, the paired t-test, and a person's correlation were applied at the.05 level of significance. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The change in pelvic height were statistically significant between the pelvic traction group, the MET group and the control group on pre-treatment and post-treatment(p<.05). 2) The change in affected and non-affected on weight bearing were not statistically significant between the pelvic traction group, the MET group and the control group on pre-treatment and post-treatment(p>.05). 3) The change in frequency were statistically significant between the MET group, the control group and the pelvic traction group on pre-treatment and post-treatment(p<.05). 4) The change in sway area were statistically significant between the MET group, the control group and the pelvic traction group on pre-treatment and post-treatment(p<.05). 5) The change in sway pa1h were statistically significant between the pelvic traction group, the MET group and the control group on pre-treatment and post-treatment(p<.05). 6) The change in max sway velocity were statistically significant between the pelvic traction group, the MET group and the control group on pre-treatment and post-treatment(p<.05). 7) The change in ant/post sway angle were statistically significant between the pelvic traction group, the MET group and the control group on pre-treatment and post-treatment(p<.05). 8) The change in lateral sway angle were statistically significant between the pelvic traction group, the MET group and the control group on pre-treatment and post-treatment(p<.05). 9) The change in sway number were statistically significant between the pelvic traction group, the MET group and the control group on pre-treatment and post-treatment(p<.05). In conclusion, there was a difference between the experimental group and the control group. In the future, we have to study continuously about pelvic traction and muscle energy technique in hemiplegic patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.251-258
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• 2008

This study was to investigate the effects of the combined patterns of PNF(proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) on the static balance ability by 20 subjects for 6 weeks. The combined patterns of PNF were carried out by Sprinter and Skater suggested by Dietz which were practiced once a day, 3 times a week. This study were measured normal standing, one leg left and one leg right standing when eye open and close on GOOD BALANCE system. These result lead us to the conclusion that mean velocity of X,Y direction, COP velocity moment were showed a statically decrease applying post-exercise on Normal Standing Eye Open(NSEO), Normal Standing Eye Close(NSEC), One Leg Right Standing Eye Close(OLRSEC) and Just velocity of X direction were showed a statically decrease applying post-exercise on One Leg Right Standing Eye Close(OLRSEC). The above results from this study indicated that combined patterns of PNF have improved the static balance ability. However the used self-exercise ca be applied to normal people, i.e., the exercise is difficult to apply into clinical patients. The further study should be focused at development of various modified forms of the combined patterns of PNF in keeping up the improvement effect of the exercise.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.618-624
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of Gastrocnemius and Low Back-muscle isotonic exercise on static dynamic standing balance during the period of 4 weeks. This study was two groups pretest-posttest design. Nineteen subjects who were over 22 years old were randomly assigned to either the experimental group that received the Gastrocnemius muscle exercise(n=9) or the low back muscle exercise(n=10) : The former group performed isotonic exercise(plantar flexion), the latter group performed isotonic exercise(trunk extension) a total of 18 times for three times per week for four weeks. Two groups also performed static and dynamic balance before the exercise and 4weeks after the exercise. The data were analyzed by using the paired t-test and independent t-test. The results were as follows: As compared with change of dynamic balance performance capacity at two groups, a significant difference was shown in the test(p<.05), but not in static balance(p>.05). Also, a significant difference of balance between groups was not shown in the test. In this study indicated that gastrocnemius and low back muscle isotonic exercise will have positive impact on standing balance.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2016

PURPOSE : The purpose of this study to suggest the exercise programs for improving the function and structure by applying the Masan university scoliosis program exercise method and electrical therapy method to the scoliosis patient. METHODS : The subjects were 18 patients who were diagnosed with scoliosis. They were randomly assigned either to a Masan university scoliosis program exercise group (n=11) that received Masan university scoliosis program exercise program or to a electrical therapy group (n=7). Flexibility, static balance, dynamic balance, and spinal angles were measured by using one leg standing with closed eyes, functional reach test, and Cobb's angle, respectively. The chest expansion were calculated using differences of chest circumference between maximum inspiration and maximum expiration. RESULT : Masan university scoliosis program group before and after the intervention there was a difference in the static balance, spine angle(p<.05). Masan university scoliosis program group before and after the intervention there was a difference in the flexibility, static balance, spine angle, chest expansion (p<.05). CONCLUSION : These results revealed that Masan university scoliosis program exercise program improved flexibility, static standing balance, spine angle, used as scoliosis management and intervention. Therefore, it is expected to be used as a method for the treatment and prevention in the process of rehabilitation of patients with scoliosis.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.757-769
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• 2016

Rail support modulus is an important parameter for analysis and design of ballasted railway tracks. One of the challenges in track stiffness assessment is its dynamic nature under the moving trains which differs it from the case of standing trains. So the present study is allocated to establish a relation between the dynamic and static stiffness of ballasted tracks via field measurements. In this regard, two different sites of ballasted tracks with wooden and concrete sleepers were selected and the static and dynamic stiffness were measured based on Talbot - Wasiutynski method. In this matter, the selected tracks were loaded by two heavy and light car bodies for standing and moving conditions and consequently the deflection basins were evaluated in both sites. Knowing the deflection basins respect to light and heavy loading conditions, both of static and dynamic stiffness values were extracted. Finally two definite relations were obtained for ballasted tracks with wooded and concrete sleepers.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.194-199
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• 2022

Background: Older adults use different ankle muscle activation patterns during difficult static balance conditions. It has been suggested that this is related to a decline in proprioception with age, resulting in reduced postural balance. However, the association between proprioception and ankle muscle activity during quiet standing has not been directly assessed. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effects of age and sensory condition on ankle muscle activity and the association between ankle proprioception and ankle muscle activity. Methods: We recruited 10 young women and 9 older women. Ankle proprioception was evaluated using joint position sense (JPS) and force sense (FS) divided by dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. The electromyographic activity of the tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GCM) muscles was collected during quiet standing. Results: Older women activated GCM muscle more than young during quiet standing and when performing difficult tasks. Older women had more errors in JPS dorsiflexion and FS plantarflexion than did young. The GCM muscle activity is related to JPS dorsiflexion and FS plantarflexion. Conclusion: Lower proprioception of the GCM with age leads to increased muscle activity, resulting in reduced postural balance. There was no difference in TA proprioception or muscle activity among older women with frequent physical activity.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation and characteristics between electromyographic (EMG) activities of lower leg muscles and the posturographic assessment of static balance control in normal adults. Twenty-four young, healthy adults(12 males, 12 females) participated in the study. Center of pressure (COP) parameters were obtained using force platform as total path distance, total sway area, X mean frequency and Y mean frequency for 20 seconds in the following conditions: (1) comfortable standing with eyes opened or closed, (2) uncomfortable standing (feet together) with eyes opened or closed, (3) virtual moving surround delivered using Head mount display (HMD) with four different moving patterns. The virtual moving patterns consisted of close-far, superior-inferior tilting (pitch), right-left tilting (roll), and horizontal rotation (yaw) movements. Surface electromyographic activites were recorded on the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius muscles under each condition. Correlation between the posturographic measures and EMG activities were evaluated. Total path distance and total sway area of COP were significantly increased during uncomfortable standing. EMG activity of tibialis anterior was significantly more during uncomfortable standing and virtual moving surround stimulation than during comfortable standing. Total path distance and sway area of COP during comfortable standing with closed eyes showed significant positive correlation with the EMG activities of the lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle. Total path distances and total sway area of COP during muscle. Total path distances and total sway area of COP during presentation of virtual moving surround also had significant positive correlations with EMG activities of the lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle under close-far movement.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.42-47
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• 1998

Patients with hemiplegia usually show different body weight distribution as compared with normal subjects. Asymmetrical posture during static stance has been identified as a common problem in patients with hemiplegia. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of vision and visual feedback on body weight distribution while standing under three conditions: eyes-closed, eyes-open and visual feedback condition. Fourteen patients with hemiplegia participated in the study. Their body weight distribution during standing for 20 seconds was measured by Limloader. The data were analysed by repeated measure of one-way ANOVA. The weight bearing on the paretic limb in the eyes-open condition was significantly higher than that of the eyes-closed condition. The weight bearing on the parietic limb in the visual feedback condition was significantly higher than that of the eyes-open condition. These results suggest that patients with hemiplegia can improve their symmetrical stance ability using visual feedback.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1984

As in dynamic muscular activity, to support one's body may be regarded as the static workload. An examination is made of the relationship between heart rate and oxygen uptake of three male graduate students in static working postures (sitting, squatting and standing). Though it has been believed that there exists a linear relationship between heart rate and oxygen uptake, this thesis shows that both have no relationship in the case of static postures, and that they may depend upon the characteristics of postures rather than the static workload. These results are discussed analytically. The additivity between static body postures and holding up one's hands at his maximum height is tested. Compared with the sum of energy expenditure in balancing one's body and holding up hands, the net rate of energy expenditure in performing them simultaneously is equivalent. In the case of static postures, the importance of the awareness of the characteristics and relevance of the measures is discussed.