• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.882-889
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• 2008

A humanoid is a robot with its overall appearance based on that of the human body. When the humanoid moves or walks, dynamic forces act on the body structure. Although the humanoid keeps the balance by using a precise control, the dynamic forces generate unexpected deformation or vibration and cause difficulties on the control. Generally, the structure of the humanoid is designed by the designer's experience and intuition. Then the structure can be excessively heavy or fragile. A humanoid design scenario for a systematic design is proposed to reduce the weight of the structure while sufficient strength is kept. Lower parts of the humanoid are selected to apply the proposed design scenario. Multi-body dynamics is employed to calculate the external dynamic forces on the parts and structural optimization is carried out to design the lower parts. Because structural optimization using dynamic forces directly is fairly difficult, linear dynamic response structural optimization using equivalent static loads is utilized. Topology and shape optimizations are adopted for two steps of initial and detailed designs, respectively. Various commercial software systems are used for analysis and optimization. Improved designs are obtained and the design results are discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.309-320
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• 2011

As a new type of large-span space structure, suspendome is composited of the upper single-layer reticulated shell and the lower cable-strut system. It has better mechanical properties compared to single-layer reticulated shell, and the overall stiffness of suspendome structure increases greatly due to the prestress of cable. Consequently, it can cross a larger span reasonably, economically and grandly with high rigidity, good stability and simple construction. For a better assessment of the advantages of mechanical characteristic of suspendome quantitatively, the static behavior of Kiewitt6 suspendome was studied by using finite element method, and ADINA was the software application to implement the analysis. By studying a certain suspendome, the internal forces, deformation and support constrained forces of the structure were obtained in this paper. Furthermore, the influences of parameters including prestress, stay bar length, cross-sectional area and rise-to-span ratio were also discussed. The results show that the increase of prestress and vertical stay bar length can improve the stiffness of suspendome; Cross-sectional area has nearly no impact on the static behavior, and the rise-to-span ratio is the most sensitive parameter.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.425-439
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• 2017

As a thin-walled structure, local joint flexibility (LJF) in a tubular structure is prominent, and it may produce significant effect on the static performance for the overall structure. This study presents a simplified analytical model to analyze the static behavior for a steel tubular structure with LJF. The presented model simplifies a tubular structure into a frame model consisted of beam elements with considering the LJFs at the connections between any two elements. Theoretical equations of the simplified analytical model are deduced. Through comparison with 3-D finite element results of two typical planar tubular structures consisted of T- and Y-joints respectively, the presented method is proved to be accurate. Furthermore, the effect of LJF on the overall performance of the two tubular structures (including the deflection and the internal forces) is also investigated, and it is found from analyses of internal forces and deformation that a rigid connection assumption in a frame model by using beam elements in finite element analysis can provide unsafe and inaccurate estimation.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2015

본 논문은 등가정하중을 이용하여 튜브 하이드로포밍 공정을 위한 최적설계를 제안한다. 튜브 하이드로포밍 공정의 최적설계는 유체의 압력과 축 방향 압입량에 대한 적절한 하중경로를 결정하고, 이를 통하여 성형해석 후 결함이 없는 원하는 형상의 제품을 얻는 것을 목적으로 한다. 그러나 기존의 등가정하중법은 하중을 설계변수로 고려하지 못한다. 또한 튜브 하이드로포밍 공정의 최적설계에서 고려하는 비선형 두께 응답을 고려하기 위한 최적화가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 튜브 하이드로포밍 공정의 최적설계에 적합한 새로운 등가정하중을 제시한다. 또한 새로운 등가정하중을 이용한 최적설계 프로세스를 제시한다. 제시한 최적설계방법의 사용 가능성은 예제를 통하여 확인한다.

• 한국기계연구소 소보
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• 통권17호
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• pp.99-109
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• 1987

Mechanisms with fully elastic members must consider both inertial forces due to the rigid motion of mechanisms and due to the elastic vibration of links. The main objectives of the kineto-elasto static and dynamic analyses are to calculate the quasi-static and the time-domain responses, respectively. An iterative transfer matrix method is used for a four-bar, fully elastic linked mechanism. Houbolt direct integration scheme is incorporated for the inertial effects due to the elastic link vibration. The analytical results are compared with the experimental responses and both responses show in good agreement.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.150-156
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• 1996

Static variations of cutting forces are estimated using spindle motor current. Static sensitivity of spindle motor current is higher than feed motor current. The linear relationship between the cutting force and RMS value of the spindle motor current is obtained. Using cutting force estimation, tool overload in milling process can be well detected, and cutting force is regulated at a constant level by feedrate adaptive control.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제20권43호
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• pp.197-204
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• 1997

Torques on each joint, the compression on L5/S1 disc, the force on hand of a rider are estimated using a static biomechnic model. Forces that the rider applies to the pedals, saddle and handle during starting and speeding are estimated using static mechanics. Physical stress is considered accroding to handle height and horizontal distance between handle and pedal. When handle height is higher in normal speeding, the force on handle and sum of torques on each joint decreases.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.2050-2058
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• 2000

A method for the inverse dynamic analysis of constrained multibody systems considering friction forces acting on kinematic joints is presented in this paper. The stiction and the sliding which represent zero and non-zero relative motions are considered during the inverse dynamic analysis. Actuating forces to control the position or the orientation of constrained multibody systems are usually calculated in the inverse dynamic analysis. An iterative procedure need to be employed to calculate the actuating forces when the friction is considered. Furthermore, the actuating forces are not uniquely determined during the stiction. These difficulties are resolved by the method presented in this paper.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.565-583
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• 2014

Using synchronous surface pressures from the wind tunnel test, the three dimensional wind load models of high-rise buildings are established. Furthermore, the internal force responses of symmetric high-rise buildings in along-wind, across-wind and torsional directions are evaluated based on mode acceleration method, which expresses the restoring force as the summation of quasi-static force and inertia force components. Accordingly the calculation methods of equivalent static wind loads, in which the contributions of the higher modes can be considered, of symmetric high-rise buildings in along-wind, across-wind and torsional directions are deduced based on internal forces equivalence. Finally the equivalent static wind loads of an actual symmetric high-rise building are obtained by this method, and compared with the along-wind equivalent static wind loads obtained by China National Standard.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2005

The paper reports the physical and mechanical properties of hand-woven carpets, which have been put under static force. Two groups of wool fibres, from two parts of Iran, were prepared to spin pile yams for the carpets. Each group of the fibres included both conventional and tanned wool. Then two yam counts, $N_m$ = 4/2 and 6/2, were spun for two different knot densities. After weaving the carpets, they were put under static force and their thickness variations were measured and plotted against time, in logarithm scale. The resiliency of the carpets piles after eliminating the static force, were measured and plotted against time, in logarithm scale, too. The results were compared to each other and analysed with respect to parameters such as the type and quality of the wool fibres as well as knot density of the carpets.