• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.169-188
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• 2012

본고는 2011년 출판된 ISBD 통합판의 서지기술 특징을 분석하여 국내 목록환경에서 고려할 사항을 파악하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 위해 ISBD 통합판(2011)을 기술영역과 데이터요소, 자원유형기술, 구두점, 기술순서로 나누어 분석하였다. ISBD 통합판의 특징은 첫째, 기술영역에 '0 내용형식, 매체유형 사항'을 추가하였고, FRBR과 일치하도록 데이터요소의 필수 여부를 규정하였다. 둘째, GMD를 표제 및 책임표시사항에서 삭제하고 자원유형을 기술하기 위해 내용형식, 내용한정어, 매체유형의 요소를 추가하였다. 셋째, 구두점 기술시 중복기술을 허용하였고, 동일 영역내 데이터요소에 각괄호 기술시 영역 전체를 포괄하는 각괄호 대신 개별적인 각괄호를 사용하였다. 넷째, 데이터요소의 기술순서가 패턴별로 이미 정해져 있어 기술순서 및 구두점의 혼동을 최대한으로 줄였다. 그러나, ISBD 통합판은 국제표준으로 여러 규칙의 통일성을 가져올 수 있지만, 각 국가의 서지환경을 존중하는 규칙으로 제정되어 해당 국가에서는 ISBD를 적용하기 위해서 자국에 맞도록 다양한 추가 수정 작업이 요구된다. 특히 내용형식, 매체유형의 용어 기술시 해당국가의 언어에 대응하는 용어를 사용할 수 있도록 하고, SMD 용어를 별도로 규정하지 않고 국가에 맞게 사용하도록 하였다. 앞으로 ISBD 통합판은 서지기술을 위한 국제적인 표준으로 각국의 목록환경에 영향을 줄 것이므로 이에 대한 분석을 바탕으로 목록규칙의 개정이 필요하겠다. KCR4는 ISBD 이전 판을 바탕으로 하였으며 ISBD 통합판 출판에 따라 개정이 필요한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리나라 목록규칙 개정에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제58권
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• pp.215-236
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• 2013

It is quite true that the more Korean contractors receive overseas contracts, the more they need guarantees. The top market for them is the Middle East countries, consisting of more than the half of the total amount awarded last year and the trend is increasing as well. The problem, however, is that employers in these countries are reluctant to use international rules for guarantee such as URDG or ISP98 and easily make unfair callings. However, Korean contractors(applicants), especially small and medium sized enterprises(SMEs) tend to hurriedly enter a contract without looking into its contents as well as guarantees. They do not realize the importance of the guarantees until they receive callings from the employers(beneficiaries). Being independent from the underlying contracts, guarantee is the equivalent to cash in that it usually does not require any proof of demand when calling and the guarantor should make a payment within usually 5 business days after the request. It is often observed these days that several Korean SMEs go bankrupt due to liquidity risks after receiving unfair callings from employers in the Middle East countries. In retrospect, some cases could be obviated if contractors were a little more careful in checking the contents of a guarantee at the time of concluding a contract. For example, there is one case where the underlying contract includes a reduction clause in the Advance Payment bond and the guarantee does not have that clause. In the end, the Korean contractor had to take the whole burden of the bond amount though it had finished 81% of the project. Nobody could argue that contractors should take a full responsibility if they fail in their obligations. However, the employer's wrongful callings need to be prevented in the first place, if possible. As there shouldn't be a case where one party is at a disadvantage against the other like the case mentioned above, useful insight is being sought to minimize unfair calling risks for the benefit of the applicant. First, the applicant should carefully look into every detail of the potential guarantee before signing a contract, heeding especially that there is a reduction clause in the AP bond. Second, the governing principles for guarantee should be the ones that are internally used such as URDG758 that is objective in terms of callings given that, for example, it specifies that the requirement for a supporting statement when making a demand is a default rule. It is also recommended that the form of guarantees be the standard demand guarantee. Third, parties involved in issuing guarantees are advised to understand international rules for guarantee like URDG758 and ISP98 and to play a key role in guiding SME contractors in Korea so that they can protect themselves from possible wrongful callings, particularly from employers in the Middle East countries. I hope this study would give a wake-up call for Korean SMEs wishing to do business in the Middle East countries and remind them of the importance of guarantee itself and its governing principles.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.291-306
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• 1999

Health promotion has come to the fore through new concept approach in consequence of the increase of chronic diseases. increase of medical cost and social trend of putting more emphasis on the individual responsibility for health. Studies of health promotion can be classified into two types: one is micro intervention method which is mainly focused on modifying individual life style and the other. macro intervention method in which they put another emphasis on the environment the individual is surrounded. in addition to modifying individual life style. This study belongs to the later. This study aims to develop nursing activities and program it for the purpose of community health promotion. The process of the study can be briefed as follows: to draw out nursing contents to intervene for community health promotion: to promote community health to develop nursing action indicators; to develop nursing action indicators for the development of main nursing activities. And those developed nursing activities are programmed systematically. The community health promotion program is composed of a hierarchical structure with nursing process that the nurses are supposed to apply to perform professional nursing. the level of nursing perform. the main items of nursing process. health promotion nursing indicators. health promotion nursing activities. The conclusion of this study according to objectives are as follows. First. community health promotion contents at individual and community level are remained revised and complemented and those at organizational level are developed. The developed main contents of community health promotion nursing are as follows. 1) Revised individual level nursing contents: 35 items. 2) Developed organizational level nursing contents: 24 items. 3) Revised community level nursing contents: 36 items. Second. for the development of the health promotion nursing action indicators. principles were set up and applied as follows. 1. Developed indicators should be provided with such qualities as comprehensiveness. diversity. developability, availability. practicability. 2. Developed indicators should be provided with functional abilities to measure the conditions and changes in any phenomena or state. inspect the development of the states. control the implementing program. evaluate the result of program and grasp what nurses should do. 3. Developed indicators should be provided with relevance and sequence. 4. Developed indicators should be undergo inspections from the expert. The developed community health promotion action indicators developed in this study. observing above mentioned principles. are total 330 indicators of 95 items. Third. when the main nursing activities were developed for each nursing action indicator. five priciples were set up in accordance with each nursing action indicators to decide main nursing activities. Main nursing activities developed observing those principles. are total 1273. Forth. for the programming of the developed nursing activities. three principles were set up. 1. The nursing activities are systematized in line with (nursing process) (nursing client) (key items of nursing process) (nursing action indicators for health promotion) (nursing activities). 2. The program is constructed in downward and hierarchical order. 3. The program is constructed not in relation to same level activities but in relation to high and low level activities. The process step of programming of developed main health promotion nursing activities are; Step 1. The Developed nursing action indicators are classified into nursing process. Step 2. The main nursing activities are allocated per each nursing action indicators. Step 3. The statement of main nursing activities are inspected. Step 4. The items of main nursing activities allocated by a certain nursing action indicators are sequenced. taking into consideration the elaborateness of activity. the sequency of activity. familiarity of activity. the difficulty of activity. the interest of activity. the frequency of activity. Step 5. The whole developed program should undergo comprehensive and critical inspections.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.21-35
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• 2015

본 연구는 미수 허목의 정원 유적인 연천 은거당의 공간구성 및 정원적 특질을 구명하기 위해, "미수기언" 등의 시문과 고지도 그리고 소치 허련의 <연천 태령십청원도>를 중심으로 은거당의 입지와 핵심 정원인 십청원과 괴석원의 공간구성, 정원식물과 시설 등을 조사 분석한 것으로 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 은거당의 건물은 안채, 사랑채, 별묘 그리고 행랑채 등이며 정원은 안채와 별묘 사이의 십청원과 녹봉으로 이어지는 후원 그리고 사랑채 전정의 괴석원 등으로 모두 괴석을 정원시설로 중요하게 활용한 것으로 확인된다. "십청원기" 등 기문 분석과 후손의 인터뷰 결과, 십청원은 하도를 표방한 용도서를, 괴석원은 낙서를 상징한 귀문원을 구현하고자 한 석정(石庭)의 형태를 갖는 정원으로 추정된다. 또한 십청원에 도입된 상록식물은 용도서에 등장하는 십장청(十長靑)의 식물과 일치하는데 이를 통해 맑고 시원한 이미지를 추구한 것으로 판단되며 괴석과 함께 활용함으로써 성리학적 격물치지(格物致知)와 불로장생의 도가적 이상세계의 소우주를 구현한 것으로 이해된다. 또한 괴석원과 주변에 도입된 화려한 화목과 화초는 귀문원에서 찾을 수 있는 변화의 용(用)을 의미하며 십청원의 상록식물과 대비를 이룬다. 더불어 은거당 정원에 도입된 괴석은 미수의 전서체에서 느껴지는 기이함과 동질의 미적 대상으로서 창고미(蒼古美)와 고태미(古態美)를 창출하고자 한 것으로 파악된다. 궁극적으로 미수는 상록식물로 바탕을 삼고 화훼류로 변화를 꾀하며 기(氣)의 체(體)와 골(骨)에 해당하는 괴석을 둠으로써 그 뜻을 더욱 견고히 한 것으로 추론되며 이는 은거당의 정원적 특질로 귀착된다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 은거당 정원의 의장적(意匠的) 특질은 향후 은거당 복원의 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.