• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.320-329
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• 2016

Objective We researched to analyze correlation between menstrual pain and Korean medical diagnosis - Sasang constitution and Pattern Identification - through clinical research of the patients of menstrual pain. Method Trial gruop who consists of women with menstrual pain is 193 people, and control group who consists of women without menstrual pain is 101 people. We producted analyzing of their Sasang Constitution and symptom with Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine(DSOM). This study used chi-square test, two sample t-test, analysis of variance, Wilcoxon's rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, correlation analysis. Results 1) In trial and control group, Soeumin was the largest and Soyangin was the least. There was'nt statistical significance between trial and control group. 2) In DSOM, deficiency of blood, stagnation of qi, blood stasis, coolness, spleen, kidney and phlegm pathogenic factors showed significant difference. Conclusion There were significant corelation between menstrual pain and Korean mdical diagnosis - Sasang constitution and Pattern Identification.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.336-346
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of low back pain and shoulder arm pain patients according to the Sasang Constitution. Method We classified Seventy-nine participants by their Sasang Constitution. We investigated various aspects of the participant's pain such as the location of pain, diseases and Syndrome Differentiation etc. then intended to confirm relationship the Sasang Constitution and these research items through the statistics analysis. Results The numbers of lower back pain patients was statistically higher in Soyangin group than any other groups and the number of shoulder arm pain patients was statistically higher in Taeeumin group or Eumin group (Taeeumin group and Soeumin group) than Soyangin group. The number of diabetes patients and obesity patients was statistically higher in Taeeumin lower back pain patients, and that of obesity patients was statistically higher in Taeeumin shoulder arm pain patients than any other groups. The numbers of shoulder arm pain patients due to blood stasis and lower back pain patients due to kidney deficiency were statistically higher in Soyangin group than any other groups. The numbers of shoulder arm pain patients due to phlegm fluid retention and lower back pain patients due to phlegm fluid retention were statistically higher in Taeeumin group than any other groups. Conculsions The characteristics of lower back pain and shoulder arm pain could be different according to Sasang constitution.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of this review is to analyze the studies using syndrome differentiation questionnaire in cancer patients. Methods: We searched electronic databases including Pubmed, google scholar, Cochrane library, CNKI, KISS, RISS and OASIS. Key words used for searching were cancer, Korean medicine, pattern identification, and questionnaire. Studies using a symptom differentiation questionnaire to cancer patients were selected. Results: 35 studies were enrolled. A total of 17 questionnaires was used. Most of the types of included studies were observational studies, followed by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and validation studies. The purposes of using questionnaires were rrelation analysis, outcome measurement, evaluating adverse events, subgroup analysis, and questionnaire development. The most used questionnaire was Body Constitution Questionnaire (BCQ), and it was used 8 times, Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II (QSCC II) was used 5 times, Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ), TCM-Symptom Complex Differentiation Questionnaire (TCM-SCDQ), Yin Deficiency Questionnaire were used 4 times, and Qi Blood Yin Yang Deficiency Questionnaire was used twice. BCQ is a questionnaire diagnosing and evaluating yang deficiency, yin deficiency, and blood stasis. It has high reliability, validity, and optimal cut-off value. Conclusion: BCQ is the most used syndrome differentiation questionnaire in cancer-related studies. So, BCQ could be recommended in syndrome differentiation-related cancer studies.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.163-172
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• 2019

Ixeris dentata is a perennial plant belongs to Compositae family and it has been considered as a potential therapeutic agent in many biological activities like detoxification, elimination of blood stasis, anti-inflammatory, and analgesia. The I. dentata used in this experiment was collected in four areas of Yangpyeong, Dangjin, Chuncheon and Goesan, then transplanted to the farm of Department of Herbal Crop Research in National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science. The growth characteristics of I. dentata were investigated after harvesting. The aboveground biomass of plants collected from Chuncheon area was exhibited best, and the biomass of root in YangPyeong was showed best as 3.65 g/plant in dry weight. Based on the HPLC analysis, the leaf of I. dentata collected from Dangjin area was highest in carotenoids contents ($1,213{\mu}g/g$ dry weight), and the leaf of Chuncheon area was exhibited maximal phenolic compounds ($1,918{\mu}g/g$ dry weight). The results of this study could provide fundamental formation for selection of standard varieties of I. dentata and development of functional material by analysis of the growth characteristics and the contents of carotenoids and phenolic compounds.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.122-122
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• 2019

Protaetia brevitarsis (PB) extracts has been traditionally used as medicinal stuff to treat blood stasis, occlusion of menstruation, tetanus and liver cancer in Asian countries (Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, India and Myanmar). Especially, Donguibogam, which is traditional korean medicinal book, described the PB extracts as traditional medicine to treat hepatic diseases and vascular disorders. The PB extracts has been considered as highly nutritional food. The major constituents of PB extracts are rich in protein, healthy fats, iron, calcium. Recent studies announced that PB extracts has hepatoprotective effect and anti-microbacterial effect. However, the effect of PB on ulcerative colitis has not been uncovered yet. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of PB extracts in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice model. Cytotoxicity of PB was determined by MTT assay and the antiinflammatory effect of PB extract was investigated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production. PB extracts did not show any cytotoxicity. AIso, PB extracts supressed NO production in LPS-stimulated mice peritoneal macrophages. To determine whether PB could be an effective treatment on ulcerative colitis, DSS was administered in BALB/c mice for 10 days. PB extract significantly improved the clinical signs of DSS-induced UC, including body weight loss, colon length shortening, and disease activity index increase, with histological markers of colon injury. These findings indicated the possibility of PB as a therapeutic agent on ulcerative colitis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.62-73
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• 2018

Objectives: This study conducted a retrospective review to compare the effectiveness of herbal medicine, while confirming the effectiveness of Korean medicine (KM) in traffic accidents (TA). Methods: We investigated the medical records of TA patients who were hospitalized at Muuido Korean medicine hospital from January 2016 to June 2018 retrospectively. Medical records included general characteristics (Gender, age), TA & treatment-related information (Collision type, chief complaint, hospitalization period, and herbal medicine prescription), and clinical scales (Five-scale improvement, numerical rating scale (NRS)). Statistical analysis was performed for data distribution and effectiveness comparison. Results: 755 TA patients showed 0.78:1 gender ratio. 20-50s years old, rear collision, pain in the cervical and lumbar spine, and hospitalization period within 14 days were the majority. KM improved 83.18% of 755 TA patients' symptoms and ROM over 'improvement' level, which indicated 30-70% improvement. With common KM treatments including acupuncture, cupping, heat therapy, and manipulation therapy, TA patients received various herbal medicines and herbal medicine for breaking severe blood stasis (Tongdo-san) showed improvement in both five-scale improvement and NRS change at the same time. Conclusions: We could confirm the effectiveness of KM, particularly herbal medicine in TA. It would be necessary to develop new herbal medicines such as Tongdo-san to treat TA-related symptoms.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2021

Objectives : The root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, known as 'Dansam (DS, 丹參)', is used for and treating cardiovascular diseases based on its efficacy of promoting blood circulation and breaking through a blood stasis. In this study, we would like to see if DS could be effectively used for stroke from the perspective of network pharmacology. Methods : The analysis was conducted using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database to derive the main active compounds of DS and identify the mechanism of each compound acting on the human body. The networks between compounds, target protein and disease were expressed through Cytoscape. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed using STRING database. Results : Fifty two active compounds of DS were identified by screening the ingredients of DS through TCMSP. Based on the networks of these compounds with target protein and disease, it can be said that DS might be effective for preventing and treating stroke. PPI result showed that adrenergic receptor has many interactions among proteins, indicating its significance in stroke pathway. Conclusion : In this study, we derived target proteins and target diseases of DS that could be used in study of stroke. However, since it is uncertain if these targets can be controlled by DS extracts or not, we would like to confirm the results with further animal experiments.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.279-284
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• 2020

The theory of "eccentric diseases are generally due to phlegm (怪病多屬痰)" means that phlegm is a major cause for intractable diseases including cerebrovascular accident, depression, insanity, and shock from strange things or evil sprint. It has been a key foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of phlegm in traditional Korean medicine. However, the origin of the theory is not clear and controversial. In this study, we critically reviewed the origin and developing process of the theory in the viewpoints of philology and pathology in Korean medicine. Wang Yin-Jun (王隱 君) did not claim that eccentric diseases are generally due to phlegm in Taidingyangshengzhu-lun (泰定養生主論). The miscitation by following medical literature caused the misunderstanding in the meaning of Taidingyangshengzhu-lun, that phlegm can cause variable symptoms and signs. In the Ming dynasty, some poor medical doctors had tended to diagnose any difficult case as phlegm syndrome and to use Kuntan-huan (滾痰丸) as a standard herbal formula for treating phlegm syndrome. However, the tendency to categorize delicate cases easily to phlegm syndrome is not desirable. Besides, the tendency to use Kuntan-huan as a basic formula for the phlegm syndrome might cause diverse and severe adverse effects. Thus, we cannot accept the theory of eccentric diseases is generally due to phlegm without a doubt. In conclusion, this theory might be a valuable aphorism in terms of considering the possibility of the secondary pathologic factors including phlegm and blood stasis which should be considered first in case of intractable diseases.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.80-94
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to re-evaluate the importance of questions of obesity syndrome differentiation (OSD) questionnaire based on real-world survey and to explore the possibility of simplifying OSD types. Methods: The OSD frequency was identified, and variance threshold feature selection was performed to filter the questions. Filtered questions were clustered by K-means clustering and hierarchical clustering. After principal component analysis (PCA), the distribution patterns of the subjects were identified and the differences in the syndrome distribution were compared. Results: The frequency of OSD in spleen deficiency, phlegm (PH), and blood stasis (BS) was lower than in food retention (FR), liver qi stagnation (LS), and yang deficiency. We excluded 13 questions with low variance, 7 of which were related to BS. Filtered questions were clustered into 3 groups by K-means clustering; Cluster 1 (17 questions) mainly related to PH, BS syndromes; Cluster 2 (11 questions) related to swelling, and indigestion; Cluster 3 (11 questions) related to overeating or emotional symptoms. After PCA, significant different patterns of subjects were observed in the FR, LS, and other obesity syndromes. The questions that mainly affect the FR distribution were digestive symptoms. And emotional symptoms mainly affect the distribution of LS subjects. And other obesity syndrome was partially affected by both digestive and emotional symptoms, and also affected by symptoms related to poor circulation. Conclusions: In-depth data mining analysis identified relatively low importance questions and the potential to simplify OSD types.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.67.1-67.11
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• 2022

Background: Budgerigar fledgling disease polyomavirus (BFDV) is the pathogen that causes budgerigar fledgling disease in psittacine species. The clinical signs of PBFV infection include ascites, hepatitis, and crop stasis. BFDV is associated with a high mortality rate in nestling birds. In contrast, adult birds only have mild symptoms such as feather dystrophy. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, genetic characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis of BFDV in pet parrots in Korea. Methods: Fecal and tissue samples were collected from 217 pet parrots from 10 veterinary hospitals including Chungbuk National University Veterinary Hospital. The molecular screening was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the small t/large T antigen gene segment. Full-length genome sequencing with the Sanger and phylogenetic analysis were performed on BFDV-positive samples. Results: The PCR results based on the small t/large T antigen gene marker indicated that BFDV DNA was present in 10 out of 217 screened samples. A whole-genome sequence was obtained from six strains and phylogenetic analysis revealed no significant relationship existed between the species and geographical locations amongst them. Conclusions: The prevalence of BFDV infection in South Korea is not high when compared to the prevalence of BFDV in other parts of the world, however, it has been reported sporadically in various species and geographic locations. The whole-genome analysis revealed 0.2%-0.3% variation in intragenomic homogeneity among the six strains analyzed. Korean strains are separately on the phylogenetic tree from their counterparts from China and Japan which might reflect the substantial genetic variation.