• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.924-927
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• 2016

In this paper, we consider a cumulative distribution function (CDF)-based opportunistic scheduling for downlink transmission in a cellular network consisting of a base station and multiple mobile stations. We present a closed-form formula for the average starvation period of each mobile station (i.e., the length of the time interval between two successive scheduling points of a mobile station) over Markov time-varying channels. Based on our formula, we investigate the starvation period of the CDF-based scheduling for various system parameters.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2017

본 연구는 하절기에 지속적으로 발생하는 고수온, 적조와 같은 피해를 최소화하기 위한 방안으로 해상가두리 ($6m{\times}6m{\times}6m$) 절식 사육을 통해 참돔의 생존율, 성장, 성장 회복 그리고 생리반응을 조사하였다. 6주간의 절식 후 4주간의 먹이 공급을 통한 연구결과 생존율은 섭식구 94.4%, 절식구 98.1%로 나타났다. 체중 성장률은 절식구에서 $-12.4{\pm}3.2%$ 성장을 보여 체중의 유의한 감소를 보였지만, 먹이 공급 후 $36.7{\pm}6.8%$의 빠른 성장 회복을 나타냈다. 혈액분석을 통한 절식구의 영양상태 또한 섭식구에 비해 유의하게 감소하였지만 먹이 공급 후 개시 시 수준으로 빠르게 회복하였다. 또한 스트레스 지표를 분석한 결과 절식기간 섭식구의 Hb, Ht의 수치가 증가하였으며, 섭식구의 급격한 혈액성상의 변화는 하절기 해상가두리 환경에서 절식구보다 섭식구가 스트레스에 더 민감한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 생존율, 성장 회복, 혈액성상을 통한 결과를 토대로, 고수온과 적조에 노출되는 하절기에 피해를 최소화하기 위한 가두리 양식어류 관리 방안으로 일정기간 절식이 활용 가능할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2008

To investigate the effect of repeated food deprivation and refeeding on the hyperphagia, compensatory growth, feed efficiency, body composition, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and survival rate of the juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, an experiment was conducted for 90 days. Feeding treatments consisted of the following five regimes for 90 days from August to October, 2005: C: daily satiation feeding (control), S1: 1-day satiation feeding after 1-day food deprivation, S2: 1-day satiation feeding after 2-day food deprivation, S3: 1-day satiation feeding after 3-day food deprivation and S4: 1-day satiation feeding after 4-day food deprivation, respectively. Although the monthly feed intake (MFI) of the control was significantly higher than that of all of the starved groups, the daily feed intake (DFI) was more higher in S1, S2, and S3 than that in the control as a result of hyperphagia after starvation. While the feed efficiency in the summer (to day 30) decreased in all of the starved groups with prolongation of the starvation period, the feed efficiency in the autumn (to day 90) was increased with prolongation of the starvation period. The whole body proximate composition and HSI were also affected by starvation. The crude protein, lipid, and HSI decreased with prolongation of the starvation period, whereas the crude ash and moisture increased. The growth rate and condition factor also decreased in proportion to the starvation period. The survival rate was highest in the control and was the lowest in S4. In this study, although hyperphagia occurred in the deprived groups, we knew that the compensatory growth did not always occur.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.793-800
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the physiological and histological characteristics of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus juveniles to undergo a short/long starvation period and subsequent re-feeding with 2 weeks interval for 65 days. All findings from this study indicate the possibility of a very rapid recovery possibility of starry flounder after short starvation period for 2 or 4 weeks. The mean body weight after 2 and 4 weeks starvation were not significantly different after 65 days. However, the body weight of 6 and 8 weeks starved fishes showed significantly low value than 2 weeks starved fishes. All biomarkers, liver somatic index, RNA/DNA ratio and blood chemistry, in this study showed fast recovery possibility after re-feeding of starry flounder. During the starvation and recovery process, they showed distinct increasing and decreasing tendency. From 21-28 days after re-feeding, most biomarkers reached to their maximum value and thereafter decreased again in 2, 4 and 6 weeks starvation and re-feeding groups. It could be interpreted as a compensatory growth and strategical action against starvation.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.100-104
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• 2018

The rearing of black soldier flies in Korea is affected by seasonal factors such as temperature and sun light; for this reason, it requires a great deal of effort to rear and maintain black soldier flies during the winter. In this study, we investigated how starvation affects larval development. After hatching the larvae, they were fed for 5 or 10 d and then starved for a certain period to see how they recovered. The length and width of larvae were estimated to be 18.18 to 21.96 mm, 5.19 to 6.04 mm, respectively. Larvae survivorship to the pupal stage was significantly different between groups and periods of starvation. The groups of fed for 5 d then starved showed a high survival rate until 20 d starvation and then the survival of larvae rapidly decreased. The survival rate of the larvae was abruptly decreased for 20 d starvation in the groups of fed for 10 d and starved, and then gradually decreased until 60 d starvation thereafter. Our research attempted to influence larvae development through starvation and provides basic information on how to culture the black soldier fly effectively and economically throughout the year.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2012

In this study, the effects of starvation on floc characteristics when treating saline wastewater using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) were investigated. The effectiveness over 5 days of starvation for aerobic and non-aerobic strategies for maintaining the physical characteristics of floc-forming sludge and the recovery period needed to regain the initial pollutant removal efficiency were investigated. Experiment results revealed that the sludge volume index (SVI) increased and the floc size and fractal dimension decreased after starvation under both aerobic and non-aerobic conditions. Sludge settleability deteriorated faster under aerobic conditions compared to non-aerobic conditions. Under non-aerobic conditions, the SBR required less time to return to its initial pollutant removal efficiency and settleability. Floc size, fractal dimension, and SVI were observed to be fairly correlated with each other. The results demonstrated that it was better to maintain the sludge under non-aerobic rather than aerobic starvation, because it adapted to, resisted starvation and had a quicker re-start afterward.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.234-240
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• 2010

SBR시스템을 이용한 비염분 폐수와 염분 폐수의 생물학적 처리 시 starvation이전 제올라이트 및 입상활성탄 주입이 starvation 이후 시스템의 재가동시 시스템의 성능회복에 대해 조사하였다. Starvation 이후 시스템의 재가동시, SVI, floc의 크기, fractal dimension, 유기물 지표인 $COD_{Mn}$과 T-N, T-P의 처리효율에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 회복 기간을 도출하고자 하였다. 5일 동안 starvation 후 재가동하였을 때에 초기의 SVI는 증가하였으나 시간이 경과함에 따라 감소하였다. 또한 floc 크기 및 fractal dimension이 클수록, 유기물, T-N 및 T-P 처리효율도 증가하였다. 시스템의 성능회복은 floc 크기 및 fractal dimension에 상관성을 가지고 있었다. Starvation 이후 재가동시 오염물질($COD_{Mn}$, T-N, T-P) 처리효율이 정상상태로 회복하는데 필요한 시간은 담체 주입이 미주입보다 더 짧은 시간이 소요되었다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.194-204
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• 2018

본 연구는 매년 C. polykrikoides 적조에 의해 발생하는 양식 어류 폐사의 피해를 최소화하기 위해 적조시기 참돔의 절식과 밀도의 영향을 조사하였다. 해상가두리($11m{\times}11m{\times}5m$)에서 섭식-고밀도(F-HD), 절식-고밀도(S-HD), 절식-저밀도(S-LD) 세 그룹으로 구분하여 5주간의 절식 후 4주간의 먹이공급을 통해 참돔의 생존율, 성장, 성장회복 그리고 혈액학적 변화를 조사한 결과, 생존율은 F-HD에서 85.5%로 가장 낮았고, S-LD는 97.3%로 높은 생존율을 보였다. 5주간의 절식기간 동안 두절식구는 전장, 체중 성장률에서 마이너스 성장을 보여 섭식구와 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 하지만 먹이 재공급 후두 절식구 모두 성장회복을 보였다. 특히 S-LD는 먹이 재공급 기간 동안 빠른 성장회복을 통해 보상성장 경향을 보였으며, 섭식구와 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(P<0.05). ALB, TCHO, TP, TG 혈액분석을 통한 실험구의 영양상태는 절식구에서 섭식구에 비해 유의하게 감소하였지만 먹이 공급 후 실험개시 시 수준으로 빠르게 회복하였다. 스트레스와 생리활성 지표인 Ht, Hb, AST, ALT 그리고 GLU가 적조 노출 후 F-HD에서 동일한 시기에 급격히 상승하여, 적조시기 섭식, 고밀도 사육환경은 양식어류에게 더 민감한 사육환경으로 작용할 것으로 여겨진다. 따라서 본 연구의 적조시기 절식과 밀도에 따른 생존율, 성장회복, 혈액성상을 통한 결과를 토대로, 적조 노출에 따른 절식과 밀도 조절이 사육어류 관리방안을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.50-63
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze methods and outcomes about fasting for obesity in korea medicine research. Methods: We searched the studies with key words of 'obesity' and 'fasting or starvation' in Korean database (Korean traditional knowledge portal, OASIS, KISS, KMBASE, DBPIA, RISS). Studies were analyzed for contents, evaluation methods and adverse effects. Results: Twenty-one studies were reviewed. Studies were published in 1983~2015. 1. Studies can be classified into three types: comparative study on before and after, comparative study between groups, case study on other disease occurred during the fasting therapy period. 2. The most common step of fasting were 3 steps: reducing food intakes period (3~5 days), fasting period (7~10 days) and refeeding period (3~5 days) and additional period-diet period (28 days). 3. The most common evaluation methods were body weight (BW), body fat mass (BFM), muscle weight (MW), fat free mass, body mass index, body fat percentage, etc. 4. BW, BFM, MW were reduced largely in fasting period. 5. The most common adverse effects were fatigue, nausea, headache, vomiting, insomnia, etc. Conclusions: As a result of the review papers, fasting therapy have positive effects for obesity. To verify the effectiveness of the fasting, more studies are needed such as randomized controlled trial.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2004

Objective : This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-starvation stress effect of Liriopis Tuber on mice. Method : The first experiment was done to mice which have a high corticosterone level at a short term starvation. The plasma corticosterone level of each mouse was measured over time at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 hours of starvation respectively. The second experiment was done in the two groups(LT A and LT B) of mice which were in famine for 36.5 hours after being administered Liriopis Tuber three times with different doses(LT A: 1.0 g/.kg and LT B: 3.0g/kg) for three days. The plasma corticosterone levels and rectal temperature were measured when a 36.5-hour of starvation period was finished. Results : 1. The corticosterone level in the mice was significantly increased after a 36.5-hour of starvation. (P<0.001). 2. The plasma corticosterone level was decreased significantly in the group of 3.0g/kg, compared to the control group.(P<0.05) 3. The rectal temperature in the groups of 1.0g/kg and 3.0g/kg were increased slightly in both group. But the two groups didn't show significant change. Conclusion: Based on the above results, Liriopis Tuber might have anti-starvation stress effect and it may be used as anti-starvation stress medicine and anti-stress medicine. Conclusion : Based on the above results, Liriopis Tuber might have anti-starvation stress effect and it may be used as anti-starvation stress medicine and anti-stress medicine.