• World Technopolis Review
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2015

Globalization, increasing technological advancements and dynamic knowledge diffusion are moving our world closer together at a unique scale and pace. At the same time, our rapidly changing society is confronted with major challenges ranging from demographic to economic ones; challenges that necessitate highly innovative solutions, forcing us to reconsider the way that we actually innovate and create shared value. As such the linear, centralized innovation models of the past need to be replaced with new approaches; approaches that are based upon an open and collaborative, global network perspective where all innovation actors strategically network and collaborate, openly distribute their ideas and co-innovate/co-create in a global context utilizing our society's full innovation potential (Innovation 4.0 - Open Innovation 2.0). These emerging innovation paradigms create "an opportunity for a new entrepreneurial renaissance which can drive a Cambrian like explosion of sustainable wealth creation" (Curley 2013). Thus, in order to materialize this entrepreneurial renaissance, it is critical not only to value but also to actively employ this new innovation paradigms so as to derive community-driven shared value that stems from global innovation networks. This paper argues that there is a gap in existing business incubation model that needs to be filled, in that the innovation and entrepreneurship community cannot afford to ignore the emerging innovation paradigms and rely upon closed incubation models but has to adopt an "open incubation" (Ziouvelou 2013). The open incubation model is based on the principles of open innovation, crowdsourcing and co-creation of shared value and enables individual users and innovation stakeholders to strategically network, find collaborators and partners, co-create ideas and prototypes, share their ideas/prototypes and utilize the wisdom of the crowd to assess the value of these project ideas/prototypes, while at the same time find connections/partners, business and technical information, knowledge on start-up related topics, online tools, online content, open data and open educational material and most importantly access to capital and crowd-funding. By introducing a new incubation phase, namely the "interest phase", open incubation bridges the gap between entrepreneurial need and action and addresses the wantpreneurial needs during the innovation conception phase. In this context one such ecosystem that aligns fully with the open incubation model and theoretical approach, is the VOICE ecosystem. VOICE is an international, community-driven innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem based on open innovation, crowdsourcing and co-creation principles that has no physical location as opposed to traditional business incubators. VOICE aims to tap into the collective intelligence of the crowd and turn their entrepreneurial interest or need into a collaborative project that will result into a prototype and to a successful "crowd-venture".

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.159-169
• /
• 2016

The goats raised in the barn are usually fed on fresh grass. As dry forage can be stored for long periods in large amounts, dry forage feeding makes it possible to feed large numbers of goats in barns. This review explains the physiological factors involved in suppressing dry forage intake and the cause of drinking following dry forage feeding. Ruminants consume an enormous amount of dry forage in a short time. Eating rates of dry forage rapidly decreased in the first 40 min of feeding and subsequently declined gradually to low states in the remaining time of the feeding period. Saliva in large-type goats is secreted in large volume during the first hour after the commencement of dry forage feeding. It was elucidated that the marked suppression of dry forage intake during the first hour was caused by a feeding-induced hypovolemia and the loss of $NaHCO_3$ due to excessive salivation during the initial stages of dry forage feeding. On the other hand, it was indicated that the marked decrease in feed intake observed in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period was related to ruminal distension caused by the feed consumed and the copious amount of saliva secreted during dry forage feeding. In addition, results indicate that the marked decreases in dry forage intake after 40 min of feeding are caused by increases in plasma osmolality and subsequent thirst sensations produced by dry forage feeding. After 40 min of the 2 h dry forage feeding period, the feed salt content is absorbed into the rumen and plasma osmolality increases. The combined effects of ruminal distension and increased plasma osmolality accounted for 77.6% of the suppression of dry forage intake 40 min after the start of dry forage feeding. The results indicate that ruminal distension and increased plasma osmolality are the main physiological factors in suppression of dry forage intake in large-type goats. There was very little drinking behavior observed during the first hour of the 2 h feeding period most water consumption occurring in the second hour. The cause of this thirst sensation during the second hour of dry forage feeding period was not hypovolemia brought about by excessive salivation, but rather increases in plasma osmolality due to the ruminal absorption of salt from the consumed feed. This suggests the water intake following dry forage feeding is determined by the level of salt content in the feed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.2505-2510
• /
• 2014

Background: The standard radiotherapy (RT) fractionation practiced in India and worldwide is 50Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks to the chest wall or whole breast followed by tumour bed boost in case of breast conservation (BCS). A body of validated data exists regarding hypofractionation in breast cancer. We here report initial results for 135 patients treated at our center with the START-B type of fractionation. Materials and Methods: From May 2011 till July 2012, women with all stages of breast cancer (excluding metastatic), who had undergone BCS or mastectomy were planned for 40Gy in 15 fractions over 3weeks to chest wall/whole breast and supraclavicular fossa (where indicated) followed by tumour bed boost in BCS patients. Planning was done using Casebow's technique. The primary end point was to assess the acute toxicity and the cosmetic outcomes. Using cosmetic scales; patients were assessed during radiotherapy and at subsequent follow up visits with the radiation oncologist. Results: Of the 135 patients, 62 had undergone BCS and 73 mastectomy. Median age of the population was 52 years. Some 80% were T1&T2 tumours in BCS whereas most patients in mastectomy group were T3&T4 tumours (60%). 45% were node negative in BCS group whilst it was 23% in the mastectomy group. Average NPI scores were 3.9 and 4.9, respectively. Most frequently reported histopathology report was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (87%), grade III being most common (58%), and 69% were ER positive tumours, and 30% were Her 2 Neu positive. Triple negative tumours accounted for 13% and their mean age was young (43 yrs.) The maximum acute skin toxicity at the end of treatment was Grade 1 in 94% of the mastectomy grouppatients and 71% in BCS patients. Grade 2 toxicity was 6% in mast group and 23% in BCS group. Grade 3 was 6% in BCS group, no grade 3 toxicity in mastectomy patients and there was no grade 4 skin toxicity in any case. Post RT at 1 month; 39% of BCS patients had persisting Grade I skin reaction which was only 2% in mastectomy patients. At 3 months post RT, 18% patients had persisting hyperpigmentation. At 6 months 8% patients had persisting erythema in the BCS group only. Some 3% BCS and 8% mastectomy patients had lymph edema till the date of evaluation. Cosmetic outcome in BCS patients remained good to excellent 6 months post surgery and radiotherapy. 1 patient of BCS and 3 patients of mast had developed metastatic disease at the time of evaluation. Conclusions: Hypofractionated RT is well tolerated in Indian population with reduced acute skin toxicity and good cosmetic outcome. Regimens such as these should be encouraged in other centers to increase machine output time. The study is on-going to assess long term results.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제46권9호
• /
• pp.893-897
• /
• 2003

목 적 : 중심-측두엽 극파를 보이는 양성 소아 간질은 소아간질의 6-16%를 차지하며 2-13세 사이에 발병하나 사춘기 이후에는 자연 소실된다. 이들 환아들에게 항경련제를 투여하는 것에 대해 효과 및 효율성에서 상이한 결과가 많이 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 항경련제를 투여한 군과 항경련제를 투여 받지 않은 군에서 그 약물 효과 및 효율성에 관해 조사하였다. 방 법 : 고대의료원 소아신경클리닉에서 임상 증상 및 뇌파 검사상 중심-측두엽 극파를 보이는 양성 소아 간질로 진단된 환아 56명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상 환아들을 항경련제 투여군과 항경련제 비투여군으로 분류한 후 의무기록지 분석을 통한 후향적 조사로 두 군간의 인구역동학, 항경련제 투여의 기준, 임상양상 등을 확인하였다. 결 과 : 양 군간 성별, 지역별, 연령별 차이는 없었다. 첫 경련이 시작된 연령, 경련의 주, 야간 비율, 경련 지속 시간 등에 있어서도 양 군간 차이는 보이지 않았다. 항경련제 투여군이 항경련제 비투여군에 비해 경련의 빈도가 줄었으나(P<0.05) 항경련제 비투여군과 투여군간의 장기적 예후 차이는 볼 수 없었다. 결 론 : 중심-측두엽 극파를 보이는 양성 소아 간질 환아들은 항경련제의 투여 여부와 무관하게 양성 예후를 보이며 경련 지속 기간에도 뇌 손상이나 신체 상해를 입을 만한 합병증을 나타내지 않으므로 이 질환에 대한 본인 혹은 보호자의 충분한 이해가 선행된다면 항경련제를 1차 치료로 선택하지 않아도 무난하다고 여겨진다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.477-483
• /
• 2005

Anammox (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) bacteria is recently discovered microorganism which can oxidize ammonium to nitrogen gas in the presence of nitrite under anaerobic conditions. The anammox process can save an energy for nitrification and need not require a carbon source for denitrification, however, the start-up periods takes a long time more than several months due to the long doubling time (approximately 11 days). In order to find the effects of seeding microorganisms, hydrazine, and nitrite concentration on the enhancement of the anammox activity, five kinds of microorganisms were selected. Among the several kinds of seeding microorganisms, the granule from acclimated microorganisms treating high concentration of ammonia nitrogen (A-1) and sludge from piggery wastewater treatment plant (A-2) were found to have a high anammox activity. In the case of A-1, the maximum nitrogen conversion rate represented 0.4 mg N/L-hr, and the amount of nitrite utilization was high compared to those of other seeding microorganisms. The A-4 represented a higher nitrogen conversion rate to 0.7 mg N/L-hr although the ammonium concentration in the serum bottle was high as 200 mg/L. Meanwhile, the anaerobic granule from UASB reactor treating distillery wastewater showed a low anammox activity due to the denitrification by the remained carbon sources in the granule. Hydrazine, intermediate product in anammox reaction, enhanced the anammox activity by representing 1.4 times of nitrogen gas was produced in the test bottle than that of control, when 0.4 mM of $N_2H_4$ was added to serum bottle which contains 5 mM of nitrite. The high concentration of nitrite (10 mM) resulted in the decrease of the anammox activity by showing lower production of nitrogen gas compared to that of 5 mM addition of nitrite concentration. As a result of FISH (Florescence In-Situ Hybridization) experiment, the Amx820 probe showed a more than 13% of anammox bacteria in a granule (A-1).

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.97-112
• /
• 2011

Today, the consumer is more careful in buying goods, invests more time in collecting relevant information to avoid any potential danger, and restricts from potential impulse buying. To react this consumer's carefulness, the seafood brands provide much information including the origin labeling system, the traceability, the food's safety & hygiene. Also the branding by region or company is pursued. Like that, a seafood brand's importance is increased, but there lack few researches dealing how current consumer's attitude influences on real purchase behavior, and how the attitude works consumer purchase decision. Therefore, this study researched the brand's influence on the consumer's attitude and purchase intention. For this purpose, this study targeted the salty mackerel and the dried yellow corvina because they are already branded and sold in some popularity, and researched how a brand's popularity, its image, and its recognized quality could effect on the consumer's attitude and purchase intention. As the result, it was appeared that a seafood brand's popularity didn't directly effect on the consumer's purchase intention, but indirectly influenced through the consumer's attitude as a parameter. From this result, improving a seafood brand's popularity needs some time to form the consumer's positive attitude and to lead to consumer purchase intention of seafood brand. So, it is thought that various promotion activities for seafood consumption must be continually performed rather than some temporary special events. Consumers showed more positive attitude on familiar seafood based on a product's original place and the freshness. Also they had better feeling about some seafood with their speciality images rather than the same kinds of products produced in other regions. This attitude temporarily led to purchase intention. Therefore, it is important that the branding strategy development should start from some seafood familiar to us in traditional food culture and food habit, but should delivery the reliance and the freshness in accurately indicating their origins, and should emphasize their differences as specialities. Consumers showed some positive attitudes on the seafood featuring the hygiene, the safety, continual good quality, and their attitudes led to their purchase intentions in temporary. The seafood product reflecting these results the best is the marketing activities on some Andong salty mackerel products acquired HACCP certification. it is thought that a seafood's branding strategy should be established on distinctive branding strategies using reliable certification mark like HACCP based on the hygiene, the safety, and the quality.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.181-215
• /
• 2001

The thirty-fourth session of UNCITRAL Working Group on Arbitration was held in New York. Among the topics discussed at the session, many delegations agreed to reform the article 7 of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration in light of the development of electronic commerce. As for the article 2(2) of the New York Convention, it was agreed to reflect the changes of the article 7 not in the form of a treaty amendment but in the form of an interpretative statement. The topic as to provisional measures has been found so difficult to reach an agreement that most of its texts submitted by the secretariat were left untouched for the lack of time. However, most provisions of the legislative texts on conciliation were dealt with by delegations. The next session is to be held in Vienna. While the Korean Arbitration Act of 1966 was fully amended in 1999, it seems interesting to look at the development in which the arbitration community of the world has already begun discussing the new dimension of the law and practice of international commercial arbitration. It may be considered early to start a new project of reforming the Korean Arbitration Act at this time when only three years passed after it was fully amended. It is, however, worthwhile to remember that some progressive efforts were aborted in amending the Arbitration Act of 1966. One of them is about the same issue on the insertion of some provisions on the enforcement of interim measures of protection to which the priority is given by the Working Group. It seems fair to say that it would not be dangerous to follow the developments and to adapt ourselves to such trends shown in the session. In Korea, the words “arbitration” and “conciliation” are misleadingly interchanged although these two words should be differentiated from each other in the sense of third-party binding decision. It is self-evident from the Korean Arbitration Act and judicial decisions that arbitral awards bind the disputing parties and are to be treated as final judgements by the competent courts. It is, however, not uncommon to find that the word “arbitration” is misinterpreted as having the same meaning of the word “conciliation”. One of the reasons for the confusion is that many legislations in Korea provide for conciliation as having the meaning of arbitration and vice versa. It may be probable that the proposed legislative texts on conciliation could be a kind of useful method to prevent such confusion from being uncontrollable. It is, therefore, necessary that the legislative texts should be introduced into Korea as a legislation on conciliation.

• 한국사회복지학
• /
• 제61권4호
• /
• pp.333-354
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 우리나라 도시 근로자 가구 중 남녀 가구주 간 빈곤 격차의 원인을 설명하기 위해 격차분해를 시도하였다. 연구는 남녀 가구주 간 빈곤격차의 정도를 살펴보고, 옥사카 분해 방식을 사용하여 격차 요인을 분해를 실시하는 것으로 진행되었다. 분석을 위하여 1982년부터 2008년까지의 (도시)가계조사데이터를 사용하였고, 빈곤여부는 상대빈곤율(중위 소득 50%)로 측정하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2008년 여성가구주 가구와 남성가구주 가구의 빈곤 격차에서 계수 효과가 전체 격차의 70% 이상을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 시기별로 가구주 성별에 따른 빈곤 격차의 추세는 1980년대 증가하다 1990년대 감소, 다시 2000년대 들어서 빈곤격차가 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 시기별 빈곤격차 요인 분해 결과, 시간이 흐를수록 특성 효과의 비중이 점차 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 도시근로자 가구 중 남성가구주에 비해 여성가구주 가구의 특성이 점차 더 열악해지는 것을 의미한다. 동시에 계수효과가 여전히 크다는 것은 도시 근로자 가구들의 경우, 여성가구 주에 대한 차별 또는 사회적 지원의 부족 문제가 크다는 것을 시사한다.

• 대한지리학회지
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.23-36
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 계절변화를 표현하기 위해 실생활에서 흔히 사용되는 기후 절기의 기온 변화 패턴을 파악하고 실제 기상 현상과의 부합도를 분석하고자 하였다. 전국 61개 관측소 자료를 통한 분석 결과, 관측지점 평균 기온이 증가할수록 연중 기온변화 파형의 정점에 해당하는 극서기중심이 7월 21일에서 8월 5일, 즉 절기적으로 입추 쪽으로 이동하였다. 주요 기후 절기인 대서, 상강, 대설, 대한을 중심으로 살펴 본 절기부합도는 전체적으로 낮을 뿐만 아니라 지역적 차이도 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 대부분 관측소에서 각 절기에 해당하는 기상 현상은 현저히 늦게 나타났는데, 각 절기일 기준 1주 이내로 관측된 경우는 전체의 7.7~40.4%에 머물렀다. 대서, 상강, 대설의 절기부합도는 동서 방향으로 차이를 보였고, 절기부합도가 비교적 높게 나타난 대한에는 동서 간의 차이보다는 남북 방향의 위도 조건이 절기부합도 변화 패턴에 영향을 주었다. 절기별 기온변화 경향과 속도가 지역적으로 균일하지 않다는 점을 고려한다면, 개별 절기의 배열과 각 절기 간 시간 간격에 대한 조정을 고려함으로써 24절기의 현실적 유용성을 제고할 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.129-139
• /
• 2012

공급처 s와 수요처 t, 호가 수용량을 갖고 있는 방향 그래프 망 $D=(N,A),n{\in}N,a=c(u,v){\in}A$에 대해, 공급처 s에서 수요처 t로의 최대 흐름양은 N을 $s{\in}S$와 $t{\in}T$의 집합으로 분리시키는 최소절단값이 결정한다. 최소절단을 찾는 대표적인 알고리즘으로는 수행복잡도 $O(NA^2)$의 Ford-Fulkerson이 있다. 이 알고리즘은 가능한 모든 증대경로를 탐색하여 병목지점을 결정한다. 알고리즘이 종료되면 병목지점들의 조합으로 N=S+T의 절단이 되는 최소 절단을 결정해야 한다. 본 논문은 S={s}, T={t}를 초기값으로 설정하고, 망의 최대 수용량 호 $_{max}c(u,v)$를 인접한 S나 T로 병합시키고 절단값을 구하는 최대인접병합 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 최대인접병합 알고리즘은 n-1회를 수행하지만 알고리즘 수행 과정에서 최소절단을 찾는 장점을 갖고 있다. Ford-Fulkerson과 최대인접병합 알고리즘을 다양한 8개의 방향 그래프에 적용한 결과 제안된 알고리즘은 수행복잡도 O(N)인 n-1회 수행 과정에서 최소절단을 쉽게 찾을 수 있었다.