• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2014

An oxidized starch was modified for surface sizing via etherification and esterification. Propylene oxide (PO), sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA), and acrylonitrile (AN) were used as etherification, and vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), maleic anhydride (MA), fumaric acid (FA), and itaconic acid (ITA) were used for esterification. Esterification and etherification of starch decreased both Brookfield viscosity and Brabender viscosity substantially even though the solids level was increased by 2% from 14 to 16%. Surface sizing performance of starches in tensile strength, stiffness and compressive strength was improved by esterification and etherification of the oxidized starch. Especially, SMCA etherification was found to be the most effective modification method.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.230-235
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• 1976

3종(種)의 도토리 Quercus crispula Blume, Quercus serrata Thunberg 및 Quercus mongolica Fischer를 공시재료(供試材料)로 하여 그의 이화학적성질(理化學的性質), 호화도(糊化度), 점도(粘度) 및 X-ray회절등(回折等)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 도토리는 지방(脂肪) $3.5{\sim}5.0%$, 단백질(蛋白質) $7.2{\sim}7.7%$, 당질(糖質) $71.6{\sim}76.3%$, 회분(灰分) $1.9{\sim}2.2%$였다. 2. Ether처리(處理)보다 85% methanol열처리(熱處理)가 보다더 순수(純粹)한 정제전분(精製澱粉)을 얻을 수 있었다. 3. 도토리 조제전분(粗製澱粉)은 일반(一般)으로 갈색(褐色)이나 정제전분(精製澱粉)은 회백색(灰白色)을 띄었다. 4. 호화(糊化)는 비교적 낮은 온도(溫度) 곧 $61{\sim}68^{\circ}C$이고, 호화개시(糊化開始)는 Q.C.B.>Q.S.T>Q.M.F.의 순(順)으로 빨랐고 점도(粘度)는 Q.M.F>Q.S.T.>Q.C.B.의 차례로 높았다. 5. 도토리전분(澱粉)은 그 결정구조(結晶構造)가 감자전분(澱粉)과 옥수수전분(澱粉)의 중간성질(中間性質)을 띈 것으로 추정(推定)된다. 또 고온습열처리(高溫濕熱處理)로서 면간격(面間隔)이 긴쪽 부터 먼저 결정구조(結晶構造)가 파괴되었다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.97-100
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• 2007

The present study includes macro and microscopical details, powder study, physico-chemical study and HPTLC fingerprinting of the Piper longum fruits. Microscopic studies revealed the presence of stone cells, starch grains and thin walled fragments of parenchymatous cells. Physico-chemical studies showed alcohol and ether soluble extract 24.53 and 6.7, sugar 0.35, starch 21.33 and tannin 0.83% respectively. Successive soxhlet extract showed maximum percentage of hexane soluble fraction i.e. 22.52. The HPTLC profile has also been performed against the reference marker pipeline, which was identified at R$_f$ 0.42. In the present paper a detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of fruit has been undertaken.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tobacco curing on far infrared light on the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Physicochemical characteristics such as alkaloid, total sugar, total nitrogen, starch, total phenolic compounds, browning degrees, and color differences, in cured tobacco leaves were compared between hot air and far infrared curing methods. There was no significant difference in sugar/nicotine ratio and nitrogen number between the curing methods, while the contents of ether extract and filling capacity were increase by far infrared curing. Therefore, it was expected that far infrared curing might be effective for high aroma and physical properties of the cured tobacco leaves.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제6권1_2호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1973

The effect of water activity on degradation of pigments in dried lavers, Porphyra tenera Kjellm. was examined when stored at room temperature for fifty days. Chlorophyll pigment was extracted with methanol-petroleum ether mixture solvent(2:1 v/v), partitioned in ether, and analysed spectrophotometrically at 662 nm as chlorophyll a. The degradation products of chlorophyll were isolated on sugar-starch column(85:15 w/w) with n-propanol-petroleum ether solution(1:200 v/v) as a developing solvent. The isolated green colored zones were analysed individually at the wavelengths of 650, 662, and 667 nm as allomerized product, chlorophyll a retained, and pheophytin formed respectively. Carotenoida were also extracted with the methanol mixture solvent, partitioned in ether, and finally redissolved in acetone after the evaporation of ether in a rotary vacuum evaporator. The total carotenoid content was measured as lutein at 450 nm. From the results, it is noted that the rate of chlorophyll degradation reached a minimum at 0.11 to 0.33 water activity while progressively increased at higher moisture levels resulting in rapid conversion of chlorophyll to pheophytin. At lower activity, autocatalysed oxidizing reaction like allomerization seemed prevailing the acid catalysed conversion reaction. The loss of carotenoid pigment was also greatly reduced at the range of 0.22 to 0.34 water activity with much faster oxidative degradation at both higher and extremely lower moisture levels. These two moisture levels indicated above at which the both pigments exhibited maximum stability are considerably higher than the BET monolayer moisture which appeared 7.91 percent on dry basis at Aw=0.10 calculated from the adsorption isothermal data of the sample at $20^{\circ}C$. The rate of pigment loss in heat treated samples at 60 and $100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours prior to storage somewhat decreased, particularly at higher moisture levels although the final pigment retention was not much stabilized.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.515-520
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• 1989

쌀보리 전분에서 유리 및 결합지방질을 추출하여 이들을 중성 당 인지방질 등으로 분획, 정량하고 다시 이 분획된 성분들의 구성지방질들을 분별 정량한 다음 각 지방질들의 지방산 조성을 분석하였다. 유리지방질에서는 중성 당 인지방질의 함량이 각각 69.9%, 27.3%, 2.8%였고, 결합지방질에서는 $34.9{\sim}54.6%,\;30.0{\sim}45.5%,\;15.4{\sim}19.6%$였다. 중성지방질 성분 중 대부분을 차지하는 것은 트리글리세리드$(70.4{\sim}82.4%)$이었고 이외 유리지방산$(8.4{\sim}26.2%)$ 그리고 소량의 esterified sterol과 free sterol로 구성되어 있었다. 당지방질에서는 $87{\sim}91%$의 monogalactosyl-diglycerides가 주요 성분이었으며 그외 소량의 digalactosyl-diglycerides $(0.8{\sim}4.2%)$, corebrosides$(1.8{\sim}4.4%)$, steryl glycosides$(3.1{\sim}5.9%)$로 구성되어 있었다. 그리고 인지방질 성분에서는 유리, 결합지방질 모두 lysophosphatidyl choline $(26.8{\sim}30.8%)$과 diphosphatidyl glycerols $(33.6{\sim}40.4%)$의 함량이 많았으며, 그외 $12.1{\sim}21.2%$의 phosphatidyl choline & phosphatidyl serine, $7.1{\sim}9.9%$의 phosphatidyl glycerol로 구성되어 있었다. 중성지방질의 주요 지방산은 팔미트산$(15.2{\sim}47.3%)$, 리놀레산$(23.0{\sim}68.3%)$였으며 당지방질에서도 대부분을 구성하는 지방산은 팔미트산$(22.7{\sim}39.8%)$과 리놀레산$(30.2{\sim}63.1%)$이었다. 특히 당지방질의 유리지방질에서는 결합지방질에 비해 미리스트산, 스테아르산의 함량이 많은 것이 특징적이었다. 인지방질의 지방산 조성도 함량면에서는 차이가 나지만 대부분 팔미트산과 리놀레산으로 구성되어 있었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.908-919
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• 2023

Objective: Information about the chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients is needed to accurately formulate animal diets. A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients and to test the hypothesis that there is variation in chemical composition among cassava products originating from different South-East Asian countries. Methods: Sources of dried peeled and unpeeled cassava roots, cassava chips, cassava meal, high-ash cassava meal, and cassava residue were used. All samples were analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen, amino acids (AA), acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), ash, minerals, total starch, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber. Samples of peeled and unpeeled cassava roots, cassava chips, and cassava meal were also analyzed for sugars. Results: High-ash cassava meal had greater (p<0.05) dry matter and ash, but lower (p<0.05) total starch and gross energy than all other cassava products. Peeled cassava roots, unpeeled cassava roots, and cassava chips had greater (p<0.05) total starch than the other cassava-based ingredients. Cassava residue had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of lysine, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber compared with the other cassava products, but tryptophan and glutamic acid were greater (p<0.05) in peeled cassava roots, cassava chips, and cassava meal samples compared with the other ingredients. Concentration of most minerals was greater (p<0.05) in high-ash cassava meal than in the other cassava products. Conclusion: Cassava-based ingredients sold as peeled roots, unpeeled roots, chips, or meal have chemical compositions that are not different from each other, and peeling has little impact on chemical composition. High-ash cassava meal has lower nutritional quality compared with other cassava products due to low starch and gross energy. The high fiber content in cassava residue makes this ingredient more suitable for ruminants and sows than for younger pigs or poultry.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2024

Objective: A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of barley and co-products from barley, corn, and wheat produced in South-East Asia or Australia, and to test the hypothesis that production area or production methods can impact the chemical composition of wheat co-products. Methods: Samples included seven barley grains, two malt barley rootlets, one corn gluten feed, one corn gluten meal, one corn bran, eight wheat brans, one wheat mill mix, and four wheat pollards. All samples were analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen, amino acids (AA), acid hydrolyzed ether extract, ash, minerals, starch, and insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber. Malt barley rootlets and wheat co-products were also analyzed for sugars. Results: Chemical composition of barley, malt barley rootlets, and corn co-products were in general similar across countries. Wheat pollard had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of tryptophan, magnesium, and potassium compared with wheat bran, whereas wheat bran had greater (p<0.05) concentration of copper than wheat pollard. There were no differences in chemical composition between wheat bran produced in Australia and wheat bran produced in Thailand. Conclusion: Intact barley contains more starch, but fewer AA, than grain co-products. There were only few differences in the composition of wheat bran and wheat pollard, indicating that the two ingredients are similar, but with different names. However, corn gluten meal contains more protein and less fiber than corn bran.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out to determine the relationships between maturity and content of the chemical components in flue-cured tobacco. The results were as follows : 1) Among the chemical components, the contents of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total alkaloids, nicotine, total volatile base, petroleum-ether extract, crude fiber, crude ash, water soluble ash, and chlorine decreased significantly, and those of total sugar, reducing sugar, and starch increased as leaf maturity progressed until the stage of ripeness, but, afterwards, a reverse tendency appeared. 2) There was a significant relationship between maturity and the contents of chemical components, such as total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total volatile base, and the correlation coefficients of them were -0.743, -0.789, -0.797, and -0.642, respectively.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1981

소나무속(屬)의 세 가지 수종(樹種)인 P. rigida, P, taeda, P. rigida${\times}$taeda에 대(対)하여 수령(樹令)(16~19년생(年生), 6년생(年生)), 엽령(葉令)(당년엽(当年葉), 월동엽(越冬葉), 1년(年)된 노엽(老葉)), 식재지역(植栽地域)(경기(京畿), 충남(忠南), 전북(全北))별(別)로 구분(区分), N, P, K, Ca, Mg, 전당(全糖), 전분(澱粉), 에텔추출물(抽出物)과 같은 양료(養料)의 침엽내(針葉內) 농도(濃度)가 분석(分析)되었다. 엽내(葉內) 무기양료(無機養料)의 구성(構成)은 일반적으로 모든 수종(樹種)에서 N(0.764~1.502%)>K(0.130~0.491%) $$\geq_-$$Ca(0.165~0.442%)>Mg(0.054~0.121%) ${\fallingdotseq}$P(0.041~0.129%) 순(順)이었다. 전당(全糖)과 에텔추출물(抽出物)의 농도(濃度)는 각각(各各) 건중량(乾重量)으로 침엽(針葉)의 5~15%로 분포(分布)되었다. N, P, K의 농도(濃度)는 2월(月)의 월동엽(越冬葉)에서 비슷하게 높았지만 Ca는 1년(年)묵은 노엽(老葉)에서 높은 농도(濃度)를 보였다. 전체적(全体的)으로 보아, 침엽내(針葉內) 무기양료수준(無機養料水準)은 수종(樹種), 수령(樹令), 엽령(葉令), 지역(地域)에 따라 다른 양상(樣相)을 보이고 있었다. N과 P의 엽중농도(葉中濃度)는 일반적으로 정(正)의 상관(相関)을 보이고 있었다. 전당(全糖)의 엽중농도(葉中濃度)는 P. rigida > P. rigida${\times}$taeda > P. taeda 순(順)이었고 2월(月)에 가장 낮은 수준(水準)이었다. 침엽내(針葉內) 전분(澱粉)은 전당(全糖)의 10% 정도(程度)이었고 그 수준(水準)의 변이(変異)는 조사인자(調査因子)에 따라 균일(均一)하지 않았다. 에텔추출물(抽出物)의 함량(含量)은 엽령(葉令)과 함께 다소 증가(增加)하였지만 다른 요인(要因)에 대(対)해서는 불규칙(不規則)하게 변(変)하였다.