• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2012

This study is Long term preservation measures which is closely related to preserving paper records, record condition evaluation, preservation measure and is conducted as follows. As for Means to Evaluate the Deterioration and Damaged Conditions of Records, research and analysis has been made on the contamination and deterioration examples such as damage, dry, stapler, metal, contamination, acidification which are the characteristics of paper record damage types. The of Paper record is one of the key procedures to evaluate the record material and its physi-chemical status in many criteria and to suggest the best preservation method. Between 1970 and 2000, the main record materials was fine paper and OMR paper along with partly newspaper and coarse paper, whereas the main recording material was ball point pen. Overall damage and deterioration status is, for record materials between 1940 and 1960, high deterioration was found and in urgent need for preservation measure and more damages are caused by tapes, staplers and metals. As for records after 1970, there is light deterioration but needs preservation process. There are approximately 3 million records produces before 2000, and assuming that there are 30 pages per record and that 30% has been damaged or deteriorated, 27 million pages are subject to preservation process. Among damaged or deteriorated records, there are large number of records impossible to go through deacidification process so manual preservation and restoration process is necessary as well. Securing manpower having preservation and restoration skills as well as preservation equipment(deacidification process, preservation and restoration) is in urgent need.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.905-909
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• 1996

From 1991 to 1994, We performed 75 cases of pulmonary resection. These were divided into two groups according to the method of bronchial stump closure : 51 cases automatic staplers were a plied in 49 patients (Group 1), 24 patients were closed with manual interrupted suture (Group II). Disease entities of the patients were malignant tumor in 33 patients(Group I: Group II, 22· II, bronchiectasis in 23(18:5), benign tumor in 5(3:2), aspergilloma in 5(2:3), tuberculosis(2:1) in 3, bronchogenic cyst in 2 (0 : 2) and so on. Surgical Procedure% for these Patients were 21 Pneumonectomies(18:3), 13 bilobectomies(11:2), 26 lobectomles (14:12), 11 segmentectomies (6:5) and 4 lobectomy with segmentectomies (4:0). In conclusion, the Amount of tube drainage was smaller and the removal of chest tube after surgery was shorter than manual bronchial closure group by means of statistical significance (p=0.047, p=0.005). Although there were no statistical significance, the duration of air leakage was reduced and incidence of bronchopleural rstula was reduced in the stapler used group compared with manual bronchial closure.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 2001

배경: 본 연구는 1987년부터 1997년까지 원자력병원에서 수술을 시행한 500명의 식도암환자를 대상으로 하여 휴향적 방법을 통해 조기 및 장기성적, 재발양상, 예후인자 등을 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 대상환자 중에서 발병암이 있는 경우, 인두식도 경계부위나 위식도 경계부위 암, 고식적 우회술 또는 인공식도 삽입예 그리고 시험적 개흉술이나 개복술 만을 시행한 경우는 제외 시켰다. 식도 절제는 대부분 우측 개흉술을 이용한 Ivor Lewis 술식을 사용하였고 대부분의 문합은 stapler를 사용하였다. Extended lymph node dissection은 1994년 8월부터 시행하였고 그 이전에는 standard lymph node dissection을 하였다. 96.8%에서 위를 식도 대체장기로 사용하였고 경부에서 절제 및 재건술을 시행한 경우를 제외한 모든 식도재건은 후종격동을 통해 시행하였다. 결과: 474예(94.8%)가 편평상피 세포암이었고 대부분(58.2%)은 중부식도에 위치하였다. 술후병기는 47.4%가 stage III이었고 25%가 stage IIA이었다. 392예에서 근치적 절제가 가능하였고 74예는 고식적 절제를 시행하였으며, 식도열공을 통한 식도절제술과 경부에서의 유리공장 이식술을 시행한 34예는 위분류에서 제외하였다. 술후 유병율은 38.4%이었고 수술 사망률은 5.8%로 호흡기 감염, 문합부 유출이 주요 원인이었다. 대상환자의 99.8%에서 추적은 가능하였고 수술사망 예를 포함한 전체환자의 1, 2, 5년 생존율은 각각 63.5%, 38.9%, 19.4% 이었다. Standard lymph node dissection 그룹에서의 1, 2, 5년 생존율이 60.7%, 35.9%, 16.9%이었으나 extended lymph node dissection그룹에서는 1, 2, 4년 생존율이 70.2%, 46.5%, 30.9%이었다. 근치적 절제의 경우는 1, 2, 5년 생존률이 69.4%, 43.9%, 21.9%이었고, 고식적 절제의 경우는 37.8%, 17.6%, 7.3%이었다. 수술사망을 제외한 근치적 절제술과 extended lymph node dissection을 함께 시행한 경우의 4년 생존율은 35.6%이었다. 수술후 재발은 226예에서 발견되었고 주로 국소임파절(69%; 경부, 종격동, 복부)이었으며, 전신재발은 간, 폐, 뼈, 뇌 등의 순이었다. 결론: 저자들은 적절한 술후 환자관리가 선행되어야 하지만 근치적 절제와 광범위한 임파절 절제가 장기성적의 향상에 필수적 요소이고, 진행된 식도암에 있어서는 보다 효과적인 보강적 복합치료가 연구되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6733-6736
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• 2014

Background: Despite the growing acceptance of laparoscopic colon surgery, an abdominal incision is needed to remove the specimen and perform an anastomosis. Recently, natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) and intracorporeal anastomosis have been proposed to minimize abdominal wall trauma and improve the quality of laparoscopic colon resections Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new approach combining intracorporeal delta-shaped anastomosis and transvaginal specimen extraction for totally laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy. Materials and Methods: Mobilization of bowel and dissection of lymph nodes were performed laparoscopically. After both proximal and distal incisal edges about 10.0 cm distance from sigmoid neoplasm were transected with an Endoscopic Linear Cutter-Straight, a small incision about 1.0 cm was created on the each colon wall of the contralateral side of the mesentery. Then anvils of an Endoscopic Linear Cutter-Straight were inserted into each colon through the small incisions, and incision and anastomosis between the walls of each colon were performed with a linear stapler. A V-shaped anastomosis was made on the wall and the remnant openings was reclosed with the Endoscopic Linear Cutter-Straight. The culdotomy was enlarged with laparoscopic ultrasound dissector. Transvaginal extraction of specimens was accomplished through a wound protector. Results: Surgery was performed for 11 patients with sigmoid cancer. No intraoperative complications or conversions occurred. The mean operating time was 132 min. All the patients were treated laparoscopically without any postoperative complications. Conclusions: The procedures of intracorporeal delta-shaped anastomosis and transvaginal specimen extraction are safe and oncologically acceptable for selected colon cancer cases.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.333-337
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• 2011

Purpose: Various operations have been proposed to compensate for congenital absence of the vagina using ileal or colonic interposition. These methods involve laparotomy, which shows postoperative complications such as long scar and delayed recovery. One case of neovagina reconstruction with laparoscopic rectosigmoid colpopoiesis in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome is presented to avoid laparotomic complications. Methods: Laparoscopic surgery was performed in a 27-year-old MRKH syndrome patient. After a cruciate incision, blunt dissection through two-finger wide space was created between the bladder and the rectum. A 14-cm rectosigmoid segment vascularized by a branch of sigmoid artery was isolated by laparoscopy. The distal end was sutured with vaginal vestibule mucosa. A continuity of intestine was restored by circular end-to-end proximate curved intraluminal stapler CDH29$^{(R)}$ through perineal opening. Results: Total operation time was 4 hr 15 min. Normal walking and ingestion were possible within 3 days and 4 days after surgery. The hospital stay was 7 days and the patient was followed up for 6 months. The neovaginal introitus was wide enough for inserting two fingers, and there has been no narrowing of the neovagina on palpation as confirmed by vaginogram. The patient had functional self-lubricating neovagina without excessive mucous production or the need for routine dilation or unnoticeable scar. Conclusion: The successful result of this laparoscopic vaginal reconstruction technique with rectosigmoid segment suggests that this technique can be considered for the option of vaginal reconstruction in girls with the MRKH syndrome.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 2020

Purpose: Proximal gastrectomy (PG) is a function-preserving surgery in cases of proximally located early-stage gastric cancer. Because gastroesophageal reflux is a major pitfall of this operation, we devised a modified esophagogastrostomy (EG) anastomosis to fix the distal part of the posterior esophageal wall to the proximal part of the anterior stomach wall to produce an anti-reflux mechanism; we named this the SPADE operation. This study aimed to show demonstrate the clinical outcomes of the SPADE operation and compare them to those of previous PG cases. Materials and Methods: Case details of 56 patients who underwent PG between January 2012 and March 2018 were retrospectively reviewed: 30 underwent conventional esophagogastrostomy (CEG) anastomosis using a circular stapler, while 26 underwent the SPADE operation. Early postoperative clinical outcome-related reflux symptoms, endoscopic findings, and postoperative complications were compared in this case-control study. Results: Follow-up endoscopy showed more frequent reflux esophagitis cases in the CEG group than in the SPADE group (30% vs. 15.3%, P=0.19). Similarly, bile reflux (26.7% vs. 7.7%, P=0.08) and residual food (P=0.01) cases occurred more frequently in the CEG group than in the SPADE group. In the CEG group, 13 patients (43.3%) had mild reflux symptoms, while 3 patients (10%) had severe reflux symptoms. In the SPADE group, 3 patients (11.5%) had mild reflux symptoms, while 1 had severe reflux symptoms (absolute difference, 31.8%; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-29.64; P=0.01). Conclusions: A novel modified EG, the SPADE operation, has the potential to decrease gastroesophageal reflux following a PG.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2013

Since its development in the United Kingdom, the stapler has been used extensively to bind books. Staples comprising almost entirely of iron, first made in the early 1900s, are used to staple the cores of books. These staples change the colour of paper to brown and this browned paper ultimately crumbles. Basic research is being performed on solutions to prevent the deterioration in the quality of paper in the area around the staples. In this study, the cause of this browning of paper in the area was investigated. SEM-EDS, optical microscopy and FT-IR were used to analyze a browned area of three paper samples. It was found that the browned area had shortened fibres. In addition, iron was detected in this area. The corrosion of this iron led to this area of the paper being partially covered by iron(III) oxide, the product of the corrosion, as determined by FT-IR spectroscopy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.235-238
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• 1996

Acquired tracheoesophageal fistula, a life threatening lesion, is rare but occurs most frequently alter prolonged mechanical ven ilation using a cuffed endotracheal tube. The mechanism of injury seems to be ischemia and inflammation of compressed trachea and esophagus by cuffed endotracheal tube. The patient was a 25 years old pregnant woman who was on prolonged mechanical ventilation for bacterial meningitis secondary to untreated otitis media. 40 days after mechanical ventilation, sudden subcutaneous empysema and pneumomediastinum ocurred and these were due to tracheoesophageal fistula. It was diagnosed with bronchoscopy and CT We performed tracheal repair with TA 60mm stapler and esophageal repair by interruted two layer suture with 410 vicryl and 510 prolene. A flap of sternocleidomastoid muscle was inserted between trachea and esophagus. Postoperative course was uneventful and the result of operation was acceptable by esophagography.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.379-384
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to determine output power for skin incision in 0.3 mm spot diameter $CO_2$ laser by measuring (1) the wound depth, (2) initial dermal tissue damage, (3) degree of wound healing at different power (4W, 5W and 6W) in beagle dogs. Three healthy 2-year-old beagle dogs were used. Four 2 cm straight skin incisions were made with 0.3 mm spot diameter $CO_2$ laser on the each dog's both side of dorsal midline in three beagle dogs. The skin incisions were performed for $10{\sim}15$ seconds for same dosage. And then each wound was closed with surgical stapler. At 0, 3, 7 and 14 days after initial wounding, each wound was taken for histological observation. On macroscopic and microscopic observation, initial incisional wound did not show difference in three group. And also re-epithelialization, dermal tissue damage and inflammatory response did not show significant difference among groups. This study reveals that 4W, 5W and 6W may be suitable output power in 0.3 mm spot diameter $CO_2$ laser for the skin incision in beagle dogs.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.219-224
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• 2011

Purpose: The Roux en Y method has rarely been performed due to longer operation time and high risk of complication, despite several merits including prevention of bile reflux. We conducted a retrospective review of the result of Roux en Y reconstruction using two circular staplers after subtotal gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: From December 2008 to May 2009, a total of 26 patients underwent Roux en Y reconstruction using two circular staplers after subtotal gastrectomy, and seventy-two patients underwent Billroth-I reconstruction. Roux en Y anastomosis was performed using two circular staplers without hand sewing anastomosis. We compared clinicopathologic features and surgical outcomes between the two groups. All patients underwent gastrofiberscopy between six and twelve months after surgery to compare the bile reflux. Results: No significant differences in clinicopathologic findings were observed between the two groups, except for the rate of minimal invasive surgery (P=0.004) and cancer stage (P=0.002). No differences in the rate of morbidity (P=0.353) and admission duration (P=0.391) were observed between the two groups. Gastrofiberscopic findings showed a significant reduction of bile reflux in the remnant stomach in the Roux en Y group (P=0.019). Conclusions: When compared with Billroth-I reconstruction, Roux en Y reconstruction using the double stapler technique was found to reduce bile reflux in the remnant stomach without increasing postoperative morbidity. Based on these results, we planned to begin a randomized controlled clinical trial for comparison of Roux en Y reconstruction using this method with Billroth-I anastomosis.