• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2019.05a
• /
• pp.250-251
• /
• 2019

Lots of infrastructures have been newly constructed through the rapid economic growth of 1970's. Since the infrastructures has mostly deteriorated and this circumstance makes the need for maintenance and rehabilitation(M&R) of infrastructures to obtain the convenience and safety of users even more essential. Although markets for M&R project become larger, the construction standards for cost estimation of M&R work are insufficient. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the present state of standards for cost estimation of M&R works using case studies. Finally, this work could be utilized as the basis for the development of national standard for estimation of M&R work.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.18
• /
• pp.41-57
• /
• 1988

This study was carried out to furnish information for the appropriate standard work time measure and applicate system development that help for korean manufacturers. As a research methodology of the study, the questionnaire survey by sampling nine hundreds registerd corporation, was conducted to find the scientific management technique level (for especially standard work time). By crossectionally analyzing the survey results, placed primary emphasis on the study to comparison with employee scale and types of industry classify. The contents of subjective study art as follows; (1) Establish state of standard time(S. T) (2) Mainly technique for establish S. T (3) Institute level and correctness of S. T (4) Practical use of S. T (5) Performance rating and Allowance rate (6) Advantage and disadvantage to application results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2009.05b
• /
• pp.195-198
• /
• 2009

In this paper, regulation for form work in standard specification among Korea and foreign countries are studied and compared. Within the scope of this paper, regulation regarding fabrication of form and form removal are mainly focused on. Standard specification prescribed by construction temporary equipment association provides detailed regulations and well arranged. ACI 347-04, CEB-FIP and BS EN 13670 had different style and scope compared to domestic specification. Especially, regulation for form removal in ACI prescribed in terms of minimum period.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.337-344
• /
• 2005

Objectives : Job insecurity, such as non-standard work, is reported to have an adverse impact on health, regardless of health behaviors. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between non-standard employment and health in Korea. Methods : We analyzed a representative weighted sample, which consisted of 2,112 men and 1,237 women, aged 15-64, from the 1998 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Non-standard employment included part-time permanent, short time temporary and daily workers. Self-reported health was used as a health indicator. Results : This study indicated that women were more likely to report poorer health than men with standard jobs. Of all employees, 20.3% were female manual workers. After adjusting for potential confounders, such as age, education, equivalent income, marital, social and self-reported economic status and health behavior factors, nonstandard employment was found to be significantly associated with poor health among female manual workers (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.79). No significant association was found in other working groups Conclusions : Among female manual workers, nonstandard employees reported significantly poorer health compared with standard workers. This result raises concern as there are increasing numbers of non-standard workers, particularly females.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.215-235
• /
• 2004

FRBR(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) provides a structured conceptual model for relating the data which are recorded in bibliographic records to identify information resources. FRBR has 4 bibliographic entities - the work, expression, manifestation, and item - in its conceptual model. In this paper, the difference in the 'work' conception between FRBR and international standard numbers is examined Consequently, the following points are observed: (1) The ISBN, ISSN, and ISMN identify manifestation level, as they refer to the physical expression of a work. The IARN, ISRC, and ISAN identify expression level, irrespective of its manifestation. The ISWC and ISTC identify work level - the unique artistic creation, whatever its expression or manifestation is. (2) ISWC and ISTC does not use the word 'work' in the same way as FRBR does. I think that the differences in meanings of the two usages 'work' come from the different positions to information resources.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2011

The standard unit manpower and material in landscape architectural construction was consist of a standard and universal work classification. However, these constructional methods have created a number of problems in utilizing and responding on a variety of recently-developed working methods such as new constructional skills and technologies. This research decided that presenting the amendments of work classification of a standard unit manpower and material in landscape architectural construction was very important, and investigated those work classifications which required these new amendments. First of all, assessment items were selected through the literature reviews and a preliminary survey. Then, these assessment items were surveyed to the total of 60 professional landscape architecture field. The results of this study were as follows; First, the utilization level of the a standard unit manpower and material in landscape architectural construction was highest in the area of work classification of planting unit manpower and material. Second, the work classifications that needed to be added were recognized as leveling the ground construction, landscape structure construction, paving construction, water facilities construction, and outdoor facilities construction. Third, in the field of the a standard unit manpower and material in landscape architectural construction, 66.7% of the respondents replied that some amendments were necessary, and those amendments needed work classifications were identified as work classification of planting unit manpower and material was gigantic plant, topiary tree, temporary planting, exchange dead tree, etc. In the area of digging out was gigantic plant and plastic tree were recognized. The survey respondents also answered that, in keeping and management work classifications some amendments in pruning waste were necessary, and in the fields of rubble masonry work classifications some improvements were required in rubble aperture planting unit manpower and material and sodding and herbaceous sowing was a realistic lawn size unit manpower and material was needed. Based on the results explained above, this study suggests that amendments for a standard unit manpower and material in landscape architectural construction are necessary, especially in the areas of planting size and quality of work classifications unit manpower and material and in the unit manpower and material that affects the quality of lands caping constructions.

• Industry Promotion Research
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2023

Due to the aging, advancement, and complexity of chemical facilities, non-routine work such as facility inspection, repair, or maintenance work is increasing. Of the 1,483 accidents that occurred over the past 10 years at chemical product manufacturing sites subject to PSM, accidents that occurred during non-routine work accounted for 56% (932 Cases) of the total. It can be seen that more accidents occur during non-routine work than during routine work. In particular, in order to improve the economy and efficiency of factory operation, there are cases where some facilities are stopped without stopping the entire factory and then inspection, repair, or maintenance work is performed while isolated from the operating facilities. Therefore, first, a safe isolation method must be selected by establishing an isolation standard (Baseline Isolation Standard) based on the chemicals handled, operating conditions, and risk level of the equipment in the chemical plant. Second, since current domestic laws and standards do not suggest the need for specific quarantine standards, it is necessary to institutionalize the preparation of quarantine standards. Technical and institutional improvements are needed to prevent fires, explosions, and poisoning accidents caused by leaks of chemical substances.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted by the slump test and the consistency test of the cement mixed soil which is soil mixed with cement to investigate and estimate the difficulty degree of work and the proper water content. So I would like to present the fundamental data that establish the work standard of the cement mixed soil. In conclusion, in this study the slump value of the cement mixed soil increases over-all according to the increase of the water content although it has a little difference of the increase range and it is smaller than one of the soil. It is estimated that the aggregating and throwing work of the cement mixed soil which is mixed with 6% and 9% cement would be fine when it has the $25%{\sim}27%$ water content and the wall plastering work is the $30%{\sim}32%$ and the floor plastering work is the $30%{\sim}35%$ and the flowing and pouring work is the $40%{\sim}42%$ water content as well as the mold compacting work is the 20%.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2021

Background: During the period 2001 to 2016, the maximum temperatures in Thailand rose from 38-41℃ to 42-44℃. The current occupational heat exposure standard of Thailand issued in 2006 is based on wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) defined for three workload levels without a work-rest regimen. This study examined whether the present standard still protects most workers. Methods: The sample comprised 168 heat acclimatized workers (90 in construction sites, 78 in foundries). Heart rate and auditory canal temperature were recorded continuously for 2 hours. Workplace WBGT, relative humidity, and wind velocity were monitored, and the participants' workloads were estimated. Heat-related symptoms and signs were collected by a questionnaire. Results: Only 55% of the participants worked in workplaces complying with the heat standard. Of them, 79% had auditory canal temperature ≤ 38.5℃, compared with only 58% in noncompliant workplaces. 18% and 43% of the workers in compliant and noncompliant workplaces, respectively, had symptoms from heat stress, the trend being similar across all workload levels. An increase of one degree (C) in WBGT was associated with a 1.85-fold increase (95% confidence interval: 1.44-2.48) in odds for having symptoms. Conclusion: Compliance with the current occupational heat standard protects 4/5 of the workers, whereas noncompliance reduces this proportion to one half. The reasons for noncompliance include the gaps and ambiguities in the law. The law should specify work/rest schedules; outdoor work should be identified as an occupational heat hazard; and the staff should include occupational personnel to manage heat stress in establishments involving heat exposure.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.891-898
• /
• 2022

Purpose: There is not much time left for mandatory BIM implementation for all sectors and stages of the construction industry. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to secure technology to substantially improve the productivity of BIM work. In the research, we proposed a method to automatically verify related construction standards for major objects produced by BIM modeling procedures so that engineers can verify construction standards in the BIM-based design process. Method: We defined a modeling work procedure for BIM-based road design work and prepared a method for constructing related design standards in a database. In addition, a process map for developing a BIM-based design basis review automation system was also presented. Result: A BIM-based design standard review automation module was developed using Civil3D and Dynamo. And it was confirmed by the test application that it is possible to quickly judge whether the BIM object manufactured in the design process conforms to the construction design standard. Conclusion: BIM-based design standard review automation technology can improve the productivity of BIM model production work and secure the quality of the BIM model.