• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.45-66
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• 1996

In Korea there is still no basic standard for organic agriculture and organic farmers in Korea do not follow the minimum requirements of IFOAM basic standard Most of them just practice the organic agriculture applying organic fertilizer, commercial seed without legume, rotation and green manure. But they believe this system is a absolutely environmental friendly agricultural system and it produce a safe agricultural product since they are not aware of the basic standard of organic agriculture at all. The overuse of organic fertilizer by some organic farmer have caused some severe problems risk for nitrate and phosphate leaching. In soil profile showed the potential risk for nitrate and phosphate leaching. In the paper, it is discussed on the environmental friendly function and the safe vegetable production by european organic agriculture which keeps the internationally recognized basic standards of organic agriculture. Therefore it is strongly recommended that korean organic farmer have to follow the IFOAM it is strongly in order to practice the environmental agriculture and produce the safe food. And it is also necessary to introduce to Korea the basic standard of organic agriculture which coincides with IFOAM's and Codex of FAO/WHO immediately if they really want to practice an organic agriculture in the country.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.943-951
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• 1990

Steady-state sublimation vapour pressures of anhydrous bismuth triiodide have been measured by the continuous gravimetric Kundsen-effusion method from 430.0 to 558.9 K and equilibrium sublimation pressures were obtained from the steady-state data. Condensation coefficients and their temperature dependence have been derived from the effusiion measurement. Condensation coefficients ranged from 0.159 to 0.048(475 to 500K), the activation enthalpy and entropy for condensation have been obtained as -93.38kTmol-1 and -212.70JK-1mol-1. The standard sublimation enthalpy changes derived by both second(modified sigma function) and third(average enthalpy method) law methods were 138.261$\pm$0.023, 138.74$\pm$0.002kJmol-1 respectively. The standard sublimation entropy change derived by modified sigma function was 191.98$\pm$0.047 JK-1mol-1. The reliable standard sublimation enthalpy change based on a correlation of ΔgcrHom(298.15K) and ΔgcrSom(298.15K), a recommended p(T) equation has been obtained for BiI3(cr) ; 1g(p/Pa)=-C/(T/K)＋5.0711g(T/K)-2.838$\times$10-3(T/K)-7.758$\times$103(K/T)2＋1.4519 where p is in Pa, T in Kelvin, ΔgcrHom(298.15K) in kJmol-1 and C=(ΔgcrHom(298.15K)-8.7358)/1.9146$\times$10-2.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.38
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• pp.3-35
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• 2013

The physical access or control of records with material entities is relatively easy. However, in the case of electronic records, due to its heightened applicative aspect that allows anyone with the authority to have access over the data, it requires an appropriate standard and stability to ensure the authenticity and integrity of electronic records. This study performed functional evaluation by extracting the minimum critical items from the national functional requirements documents and standards to explore the access control function that play an important role for the standard records management system to maintain quality requirements of electronic records. Based on this checklist, it evaluates whether the standard records management system properly carries out the access control function and investigates the current condition of application to practical records management work. Records managers generally do not use access control function, which may be because they do not feel the necessity, since the application of records management system is not yet actively promoted. In order for the standard records management system to be developed to become a more active system, it requires system improvement as well as considerations for below factors: First, although the necessity of establishing access control conditions is already recognized, it requires a clear stipulation of the regulation. Second, measures must be taken to implement access control in the records management system through document security solution. Third, it requires self-reflection of records manager, who utilizes the records management system. Instead of placing all responsibility on the National Archives, which established the system, professionals must further develop the system through continuous evaluation and improvement. Finally, a general discussion is required to publicize the issue of functional improvement of records management system. Although there is a bulletin board already created for this purpose, its users are extremely limited and it only deals with current problems. A space in online as well as in offline is required to solve the fundamental problems and exchange opinions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.3
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• pp.272-278
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• 2009

This study was conducted to develope calculation method of standard rainfall, which was used for predicting the outbreaking time of disaster by using Tank model, on warning and evacuation for soil sediment disaster. We investigate adeption possibility of developed method through comparing storage function method with Tank model. We calculated storage amount rainfall by storage function method and Tank model with 36 hillslope failures which have record on outbreaking time of disaster. The result in case of Sedimentary (quarternary period) showed that the difference of outbreaking time was 1.6 hour in case of tank model, but 3.2 hour in case of storage function method. In addition, the deviation of the peak storage were 7% in case of tank model, but 63% in case of storage function method. Total evacuation period was analyzed by using observed 5 years (1993-1997) rainfall data as well as each standard rainfalls which were determinated by two methods. The result showed that evacuation time by storage function method was about twice as many as that by tank model. Therefore, we concluded that calculation by tank model for predicting the outbreaking time of disaster was more useful and accurate than storage function method.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1295-1305
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• 2017

There is SEED cryptosystem in domestic block cipher standard. This code was drafted by the Korea Information Security Agency (KISA) in October 1998 and underwent a public verification process in December of the same year, which resulted in the final amendment to improve safety and performance. Unlike DES, it is a 128-bit block cipher that has been passed through various processes and established in 2005 as an international standard. It is a block cipher with a pastel structure like DES, but the input bit block has been increased to 128 bits, double DES. In this paper, first, we introduce the general algorithm of SEED cryptosystem and analyzed mathematically generating principle of key-value which is used in F-function. Secondly, we developed a table that calculates the exponent of the primitive element ${\alpha}$ corresponding to the 8-bit input value of the S-function and finally analyzed calculating principle of S-function designed in G-function through the new theorem and example. Through this course, we hope that it is to be suggest the ideas and background theory needed in developing new cryptosystem to cover the weakness of SEED cryptosystem.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.333-343
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between dental implants and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Data were collected from the baseline survey (2016-2017) of the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. The study sample comprised 1115 community-dwelling people aged 70 years to 84 years who had 0-19 natural teeth. Dental implants and natural teeth were identified by panoramic radiography, while the cognitive function was assessed by the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC). The association between dental implants and cognitive function was analyzed by multiple linear regression. Sensitivity analysis was performed to test for potential bias. Results: The mean number of natural teeth in the study population was 9.50 (standard deviation [SD], 6.42), and the mean MMSE-KC score was 24.93 (SD, 3.55). In the simple univariate analysis, tooth replacement, age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, osteoporosis, number of natural teeth, periodontitis, chewing discomfort, tooth-brushing frequency, education level, monthly household income, participation in economic activity, living alone, and marital status had a significant impact on the association. After adjusting for confounders, the association between dental implants and cognitive function remained significant (B, 0.85; standard error, 0.40; p<0.05). Age, body mass index, periodontitis, tooth-brushing frequency, and education level were also significantly associated with cognitive function. The results of the sensitivity analyses were consistent with those of the primary analysis. Conclusions: Dental implants were associated with cognitive function in older adults living in the community. Dental implants as tooth replacements may play a role in preserving cognitive function.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.179-196
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• 2003

Function point model is the international standard method to measure the software size which is one of the most important factors to determine the software development cost. Function point model can successfully be applied only when the detailed specification of users' requirements is available. In the domestic public sector, however, the budgeting for software projects is carried out before the requirements of softwares ere specified in detail. Therefore, an efficient function point estimation method is required to apply function point model at the early stage of software development projects. The purpose of this paper is to compare various function point estimation methods and analyse their accuracies in domestic software projects. We consider four methods : NESMA model, ISBSG model, the simplified function point model and the backfiring method. The methods are applied to about one hundred of domestic projects, and their estimation errors are compared. The results can used as a criterion to select an adequate estimation model for function point counts.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.668-681
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• 2006

Due to its diverse advantages, XML has secured its position as a standard for data representation and exchange in the Internet. As a consequence, there has been much research on efficient storing and query processing of in data. Storing XML data in a relational database system warrants much benefit in data management and query processing; the system provides a strong query processing and data management function and can be applicable to XML data, its function being extended. In this paper, we design and implement a query translator that translates XQuery, a representative XML query language, into SQL:2003 query. SQL:2003, the latest SQL standard used as a substitute for SQL:1999, defines SQL/XML that supports XML. The main contribution of this paper is as follows: First, we look into the supporting features of XML, defined in the SQL:2003 standard, and propose a user-defined function for shortcoming sections. Second, we propose a way to translate XQuery into SQL that observes the latest SQL standard. Third, we describe in detail the design and the implementation of the translator to show its feasibility as a translator.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.818-827
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a new noise estimation and reduction algorithm for stationary and nonstationary noisy environments. This approach uses an algorithm that classifies the speech and noise signal contributions in time-frequency bins. It relies on the ratio of the normalized standard deviation of the noisy power spectrum in time-frequency bins to its average. If the ratio is greater than an adaptive estimator, speech is considered to be present. The propose method uses an auto control parameter for an adaptive estimator to work well in highly nonstationary noisy environments. The auto control parameter is controlled by a linear function using a posteriori signal to noise ratio(SNR) according to the increase or the decrease of the noise level. The estimated clean speech power spectrum is obtained by a modified gain function and the updated noisy power spectrum of the time-frequency bin. This new algorithm has the advantages of much more simplicity and light computational load for estimating the stationary and nonstationary noise environments. The proposed algorithm is superior to conventional methods. To evaluate the algorithm's performance, we test it using the NOIZEUS database, and use the segment signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and ITU-T P.835 as evaluation criteria.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.5
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• pp.409-415
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a correlation function using newly designed local signals for cosine-phased binary offset carrier (BOC) signal tracking. First, we divide a sub-carrier pulse over one pseudo random noise code period into multiple rectangular pulses, and subsequently, design novel local signals. Then, we obtain a correlation function with no side-peak based on a combination of correlations between the newly generated local signals and received cosine-phased BOC signal. From numerical results, it is confirmed that the proposed correlation function provides a tracking performance improvement over the conventional correlation functions in terms of the tracking error standard deviation.