• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 1997

목적 : 본병원에서 방사선 단독치료를 받은 자궁경부암 환자의 생존율 및 재발 양상을 분석 하고 이에대한 결과를 비교 분석함으로서 치료방법에 대한 평가를 하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1987년 5월부터 1991년 12월까지 자궁경부암병기(FIGO) IB, II A, II B 로 근치목적의 방사선치료를 완료한 220명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 이중 병기 IB환자는 1995년에 개정된 FIGO 분류법에 의해서 분석당시 IB1과 IB2로 재분류를 시행하였다. 방사선치료는 외부방사선치료와 강내조사를 병용하였으며 방사선치료 후 6개월에서 국소종양의 치유여부를 판정하였다. 추적기간은 3개월에서 115개월까지 였으며 평균 62개월이었고 추적율은 $93.6\%$(206/220) 였다. 결과 : 병기별 5년 생존율은 IB1(N=50), IB2(N=15), II A(N=58), II B(N=97)에서 각각 $94\%,\;87\%,\;69\%,\;56\%$였다. 생존과 관계있는 예후인자로는 병기(p=0.00), 진단시 혈색소치(p=0.00), 진단시 종양표지자 수치(p=0.02), 종양의 크기(0.00), 골반단층촬영에서의 임파선전이(p=0.04) 등이 통계적인 유의수준을 보였으나 다요인 분석에서는 병기만이 유일하게 통계적인 유의수준의 차이를 보였다. 판정이 가능한 214명의 방사선치료에 따른 국소종양제어율은 $81\%$였으며, 병기별로보면, IBI, IB2, II A, II B 각각 $100\%,\;86.7\%,\;84.5\%,\;68.1\%$의 결과를 보였다. 치료 후 재발율은 $15.5\%$(27/174)였으며, 병기별로 보면 IBI, IB2, II A, II B 각각 $8\%,\;0\%,\;22.4\%,\;19.4\%$였다. 결론 :촌기 자궁경부암 환자의 치료결과는 이미 보고되어 있는 다른 결과와 비교시 비슷한 수준을 보이나 진행된 II B 환자에서는 낮은 생존율의 결과를 보이고 있으며 이에대한 원인분석과 치료방법의 개선이 필요하다 하겠다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.348-355
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• 2018

Purpose: We aimed to discuss the roles of radiation and chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment in patients with staged IB GC who were enrolled in the adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in stomach tumors (ARTIST) trial. Materials and Methods: Among the 458 patients who were enrolled in the ARTIST trial, 99 had stage IB disease. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine plus cisplatin (XP, n=50) or chemoradiotherapy (XPRT, n=49). Survival analyses were performed in accordance with the AJCC 2010 staging system. Results: According to the AJCC 2010 system, stage migration from IB to II occurred in 71% of the patients; 98% of the T2 N0 cases were reclassified as T3 N0, and 42% of the T1 N1 cases were reclassified as T1 N2. When comparing survival outcomes between the XPRT and XP arms for stage IB cancer (AJCC 2002), no significant difference in 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) between the 2 arms was found. (median 5-year DFS, not reached, P=0.256). The patients classified as having stage IB cancer (AJCC 2002) and reclassified as having stage II cancer (AJCC 2010) exhibited worse prognoses than those who remained in stage IB, although the difference was not statistically significant (5-year DFS rate, 83% vs. 93%). When we compared 5-year DFS in 70 patients with stage II (AJCC 2010), the addition of radiotherapy to XP chemotherapy did not show better outcome than XP alone (P=0.137). Conclusions: The role of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of stage IB GC (AJCC 2002) warrants further investigation.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1995

Purpose : To evaluate the prognostic importance of age in patients with Stage IB cervical cancer, we examined the relationship between age and survival in patients. Methods and Materials: Retrospective analysis was performed on 107 patients with Stage IB cervical cancer: 79 patients were treated with surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy or radiation alone between October 1983 and August 1993 and 28 patients with Stage IB cervical cancer treated with surgery alone between January 1989 and August 1993 at Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital. Patients ranged in age from 26 to 74 (median 48) and were followed for a modian period of 39 months. Patients were divided into two groups; Group A comprising 32 Patients $with{\geq}$age 40 and Group B comprising 75 patients with>age 40. Both Group A and Group B patients were comparable with respect to all covariables studied. Results : The overall 5-year survival and the disease free 5-year survival for the 107 patients studied were $85.2\%$ and $82.1\%$, respectively. The overall survival for Group A and Group B was $92\%$ and $83\%$, respectively(p>0.05). The disease free 5-year survival for Group A and Group B was $82.3\%$ and $82.6\%$, respectively(p>0.05). There was no difference in both local and distant failure in Group A and Group B. Conclusion: On the basis of the this analysis it is concluded that age alone is a poor indicator of prognosis and should not be used as an indication for adjuvant treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2211-2215
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• 2014

Background: To examine the incidence of positive vaginal surgical margins and determine the predicting factors following radical hysterectomy for stage IB1 carcinoma of the cervix. Materials and Methods: The clinical and histological data of 656 FIGO stage IB1 cervical cancer patients who had radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy (RHPL) from January 2003 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed and were analyzed for their association with a positive vaginal surgical margin. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Thirty-five patients (5.3%) had positive vaginal surgical margins following RHPL; 24 (3.7%) for intraepithelial lesions and 11 (1.7%) for carcinoma. On multivariate analysis, microscopic vaginal involvement by high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and/or carcinoma (adjusted odd ratio (OR) 186.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 48.5-718.5) and squamous histology (OR 8.7; 95% CI 1.7-44.0), were significantly associated with positive vaginal surgical margin. Conclusions: Microscopic vaginal involvement by HSIL and/or carcinoma are strong predictors for positive vaginal surgical margins for stage IB1 cervical cancer patients undergoing radical hysterectomy. Preoperative 'mapping' colposcopy or other strategies should be considered to ensure optimal vaginal resection.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2020

Purpose: The standard treatment for stage IB gastric cancer is curative surgery alone, but some patients show poor survival with disease recurrence after curative surgery. The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors of recurrence and long-term survival in patients with stage IB gastric cancer after surgery. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 253 patients with stage IB gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy between 2011 and 2016 at Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital and analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics associated with recurrence and survival. Results: Fourteen patients experienced recurrence with a mean follow-up of 54.1 months. Two of these patients had locoregional recurrence and 12 patients had systemic recurrence. The median interval between the operation day and the day of recurrence was 11 months (range 4-56 months). Multivariate analysis revealed that lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) (hazard ratio [HR], 3.851; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.264-11.732) and the elderly (age≥65) (HR, 3.850; 95% CI, 1.157-12.809) were independent risk factors for recurrence after surgery. The LVI (HR, 3.630; 95% CI, 1.105-11.923) was the independent prognostic factors for disease-specific survival (DSS). The 5-year DSS rates were 96.8% in patients who did not have LVI, and 89.3% in patients who had LVI. Conclusions: This study shows that LVI was associated with recurrence and poor survival in patients with stage IB gastric cancer after curative gastrectomy. Patients diagnosed with LVI require careful attention for systemic recurrence during the follow-up period.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1487-1489
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• 2012

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and intracavity brachytherapy in comprehensive treatment for young patients with stage Ib2 cervical cancer. Methods: One hundred and twelve young patients with stage Ib2 cervical cancer were enrolled retrospectively in our hospital from January 2003 to June 2005. They were categorized into three groups according to preoperative regimens, including the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (Group 1, n=38), the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Group 2, n=49), and the intracavity brachytherapy group (Group 3, n=25). Radical hysterectomy was performed following these regimens. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were given according to pelvic lymph node metastasis, deep cervical stromal invasion, intravascular cancer emboli, histological grading, vaginal stump and positive surgical margin. Results: The cancer disappearance and superficial muscle invasion rates were statistically significantly better in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group than in the other two groups (P<0.01). No statistically significant difference was noted in the deep muscle invasion rate, surgical time and intraoperative blood loss among three groups, but significantly more postoperative complications occurred in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group. The 2-year pelvic recurrence was statistically significantly lower in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group compared to other two groups, while the 5-year survival was higher. Conclusion: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is efficacious for young patients with stage Ib2 cervical cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.3891-3893
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• 2014

Background: Most patients with endometrial cancer have stage I disease. Adjuvant therapy in stage IB (formerly IC) endometrial cancer is controversial, treatment options including observation or brachytherapy/radiotherapy in grade 1-3 patients with or without chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of our patients with stage IB endometrioid endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: Sixty two patients with stage IB endometrial cancer and endometrioid histology were retrospectively evaluated. All patients were initially treated surgically by the same surgeon with comprehensive staging, i.e. total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salphingooopherectomy, bilateral pelvic and paraaortic lymph node dissection and omentectomy. Adjuvant radiotherapy was discussed with patients and utilized by those who accepted. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not given to any of the patients. Results: Median age was 62 (range, 42-95). Ninety percent of the patients had grade 1-2 disease. Thirteen patients (21%) received intra vaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) and one received whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT). Median follow-up time was 46 months (range, 9-77 months). Three patients experienced recurrence (4.8%), two of them died on follow-up and one was still alive at last visit. Two patients with recurrence had FIGO grade 2 tumors and one had a grade 3 tumor. Two patients (3.2%) died without evidence of recurrent disease. Relapse free survival at 5 years was 94.4% and overall survival was 93.1%. Conclusions: Patients with stage IB disease in our study demonstrated relatively low recurrence rates although the majority of them received no adjuvant treatment. Surgery alone may be sufficient for most patients with this stage of endometrial cancer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 1997

목적 : 종양의 크기가 5cm 이상인 병기 Ib, IIa와 IIb 자궁경부암 환자에서 다분할 외부방사선 치료와 강내 치료의 효과를 알아 보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 1991년 7월부터 1994년 4월까지 계명대학교 동산의료원 치료방사선과에서 다분할 방사선치료를 받은 자궁경부암환자 41명을 대상으로 하였다. 환자의 분포는 종양의 크기가 5cm 이상의 병기 Ib, IIa가 각각 3명, 6명, 병기 IIb가 32명이었고 평균연령은 55세이었다. 방사선 치료는 외부방사선치료로 전골반강에 하루에 120cGy를 2회(최소 5시간 같격) 조사하여 3600-5520cGy 조사하고 양측자궁경관주위에 조사량이 4480-6480cGy 되도록 4x loom 중간차폐를 하여 조사한 후 A 지점에 전체 조사량이 Ib,IIa에는 7480-8520cGy, IIb에는 8480-9980cGy 되도록 강내조사를 시행하였다. 최장기 및 중앙 추적기간은 각각 70개월, 47개월이었다. 통계적으로 생존률과 단일변수분석은 각각 Kaplan-Myer법과 Log-rank 법을 이용하였다. 결과: 5년 국소제어률은 $78\%$이었고 5년 생존률은 전체환자에서 $66.1\%$이였었고 병기 Ib, IIa 에서 $44.4\%$, 병기 IIb에서 $71.4\%$이었다. 종양의 크기가 5cm 이상인 IIb(11명)에서 5년 국소제어률과 5년생존률이 각각 $88.9\%,\;73\%$이었다. 5년 생존률이 림프절전이 유무에 따라 $74\%\;vs\;25\%$(P=0.0015)로 유의하게 차이가 있었다. A 지점의 선량(84Gy 이상 vs 840y 이하)에 따른 생존률의 차이는 $70\%\;vs\;42.8\%$(P=0.1)로 나타났으며 병기 Ib,IIa에서 IIb보다 낮은 국소제어률과 생존율을 보인 것은 A 지점의 평균 선량이 Ib, IIa에서는 79Gy, IIb에서는 89Gy로 유의한 차이가 나는 것이 요인이 될 것으로 사료된다. 전체 재발률은 $39\%$(16/41)이었고 국소재발이 $14\%$(6/41) 원격전이가 $19.5\%$(8/41) 동시재발이 $4.8\%$(2/41)이었다. 부작용으로는 급성 3도 위장관계 부작용이 3명 $(7.3\%)$에서 있었고 3도의 백혈구 감소증이 2명$(4.9\%)$에서 있었으며 3도 이상의 만성 부작용은 없었고 치료에 의한 사망은 없었다. 결론 :다분할 방사선 치료시 종양의 크기가 큰 Ib,IIa에서는 A지점의 방사선량을 85Gy 이상으로 높일 필요가 있을 것으로 사료되며 종양의 크기가 5cm 이상의 병기 IIb인 자궁경부암 환자에서 다분할 방사선치료와 근접방사선치료는 심각한 합병증 없이 시행될 수 있을 것으로 생각되며 생존률의 향상을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료되나 환자의 수가 적으므로 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 장기간의 추적을 통해 검증되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 경영과학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2000

Due to the potential growing capability that reflects future value, the market value of internet business companies (IB) are still evaluated high although major players like Amazon continuously suffer losses. Then, how do investors valuate the potential growing capabilities given that traditional financial/accounting based valuation approaches seem to be inappropriate for IB. This study attempts to provide an answer to this issue. We, therefore, analyzed the predictability of various accounting and non-accounting variables for IB value. These include book value, net income, unique visitors, page view, reach rate, public float and institutional holdings. Because of being in infant stage and difficulties in obtaining necessary web traffic data, sample of 20 pure IB were selected from Korea Stock Exchange Market, KOSDAQ, and informal market. The results of this study showed that web traffic date had the strongest relationship with IB value. In particular, unique visitors and reach rate were found to be best predictors for IB value while page view was reasonable indicator. Interestingly, net income was not found to related to IB value. This calls for an attention to the typical characteristics of IB that my hinder the usage of traditional valuation approaches for IB. Another results revealed that none of both public float and institutional holdings was significantly associated with IB value, indicating market’s supply-demand factors were less important than traffic information.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5505-5510
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study is to analyze the clinical and pathological factors related to the prognosis of Chinese patients with stage Ib to IIb cervical cancer. Methods and Results: 13 clinical pathological factors in 255 patients with stage Ib to IIb cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy and systematic lymphadenectomy were analyzed to screen for factors related to prognosis. The cumulative 5-year survival of the 255 patients was 75.7%. The result of the univariate analysis suggested that clinical stage, cell differentiation, depth of cervical stromal invasion, parametrial tissue involvement, and lymph node metastasis were prognostic factors for patients with stage Ib to IIb cervical cancer (P<0.05). Compared with cases with involvement of iliac nodes, obturator nodes, or inguinal lymph nodes, cases with metastasis to the common iliac lymph nodes had a poorer prognosis (P<0.05). Cases with involvement of four or more lymph nodes had a poorer prognosis than those with involvement of three or fewer lymph nodes (P<0.05). Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards model regression analysis, non-squamous histological type, poor differentiation, parametrial tissue involvement, and outer 1/3 stromal invasion were found to be independently related to patients poor prognosis (P<0.05). Conclusion: Non-squamous histological type, poor cell differentiation, parametrial tissue involvement, and outer 1/3 stromal invasion are the independent poor prognostic factors for patients with stage Ib to IIb cervical cancer.