• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1999년도 압출 및 인발 심포지엄
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• pp.38-46
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• 1999

Dispersion strengthened Cu alloys have been manufactured by spray forming and also by reactive spray forming, followed by hot extrusion of the spray deposited billets. The size of dispersed particles in the reactive spray formed alloy was much finer than that in the spray formed alloy. That was because the dominant chemical reaction between Ti and B had occurred in Cu-Ti-B alloy melt in spray forming while it had occurred after deposition of droplets in reactive spray forming. The yield strength of the reactive spray formed alloy was greater than that of the spray formed alloy. To understand the mechanism responsible for this observed strengthening, the yield strength of two Cu alloys were analyzed using the dislocation pile-up model and Orowan mechanism, which were fairly consistent with the experimental results. Increase in yield strength of reactive spray formed alloy relative to spray formed alloy was largely attributed to nano-scale TiB dispersoids.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.231-232
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• 2006

Aluminum Alloys with a content of 22 wt.-% $Mg_2Si$ were spray formed. This alloy features by a low density and is therefore a superior material for leightweight applications. The main problem in spray forming of this type of alloy was the occurance of high porosities. First process optimizations have been performed to decrease porosity under a certain level, so that it can be closed by an extrusion process

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2009

Plasma spray forming is recently explored as a near-net-shape fabrication route for ultra-high temperature metals and ceramics. In this study, monolithic tungsten has been produced using an atmospheric plasma spray forming and subsequent high temperature sintering. The spray-formed tungsten preform from different processing parameters has been evaluated in terms of metallurgical aspects, such as density, oxygen content and hardness. A well-defined lamellae structure was formed in the as-sprayed deposit by spreading of completely molten droplets, with incorporating small amounts of unmelted/partially-melted particles. Plasma sprayed tungsten deposit had 84-87% theoretical density and 0.2-0.3 wt.% oxygen content. Subsequent sintering at 2500$^{\circ}C$ promoted the formation of equiaxed grain structure and the production of dense preform up to 98% theoretical density.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2017

This forged piston is proposed with a lighter weight and higher durability than a gravity casting piston for gasoline engines. However, a forged piston is very difficult to develop and mass-produce due to lack of basic technologies such as design, material and forging technique. First, we benchmarked existing forged pistons according to database design parameters. Second, we evaluated two solidification processes, continuous casting and spray forming, to produce heat-resistant alloy billets for forging. The spray forming process gives better mechanical properties at all temperatures, particularly at elevated temperatures except when poor formability is present. We used DEFORM simulation to determine the optimum process condition with billet from spray forming and successfully commercialized it with LF Sonata HEV.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.227-232
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• 1996

(i) The development of a metallurgical bond during the spray forming of clad products has offered the possibility of manufacturing large rolls, including those used in hot and cold strip mills. Small rolls are already being produced in Japan. (ii) Technical developments, including the use-of-multi-atomizers have resulted in the elimination of porosity from the internal bore of a sprayed tube. Bimetallic tubing can also be manufactured and the installation of a 4.5 ton tube plant in the USA should provide low operation costs. (iii) Spray forming offers a potentially low cost manufacturing route for superalloy ring/casing components in high strength superalloys. (iv) A large pilot plant has been built for the spray forming of ultra-clean superalloys for turbine disc applications. (v) Using twin-atomizing technology, special steel billets have been spray formed up to 400mm diameter with deposition yields in excess of 90%. (vi) Al/Si alloy extrusion billets with excellent dimensional tolerances are being manufactured for large scale automotive applications. Several new aluminum alloys have also been developed, including high strength, low density and low cocfficient of expansion materials. (vii) New copper alloys have been developed and pilot plants are in operation to produce these alloys once markets have become established.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.494-501
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• 1997

In order to manufacture large rod preforms of 2014 Al alloy with a good mechanical property by spray forming method, it was spray-formed at a droplet temperature of $715^{\circ}C$, a droplet flight distance of 400mm, and a spraying angle of $35^{\circ}$. The rod preforms were extruded at $397^{\circ}C$ with the die temperature of $420^{\circ}C$ under the hot extrusion ratio 21:1 and T6 heat treatment was performed. The 2014 Al alloys cast by hot top process were also extruded and heat-treated at the same condition as a reference material. Microstructural observation and tensile test were carried out to investigate the effects of extrusion on microstructure and mechanical property of spray-formed Al alloy. Spray-formed Al alloys had many porosities due to inappropriate process conditions such as long droplet flight distance and low droplet temperature but have fine equiaxed grain. These porosities were reduced with decreasing in grain size by hot extrusion. Ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of spray formed-extruded 2014 Al alloy were inferior to those of the normal cast-extruded 2014 Al alloy, but elongations were superior. The control of porosity was important to get spray formed preform with a good mechanical property.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.236-237
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• 2006

Cold spraying is a fairly new coating technique, which within the last decade attracted serious attention of research groups and spray companies. As compared to thermal spraying, the low process temperatures in cold spraying result in unique coating properties, which promise new applications. Since particles impact with high kinetic energy in the solid state, new concepts to describe coating formation are requested to enable the full potential of this new technology. The present contribution gives a brief review of current models concerning bonding, supplying a description of the most influential spray parameters and consequences for new developments. With respect to spray forming by cold cold spraying, microstructures and thick, further machineable structures are presented.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to propose and compare methods for measuring individual spray cone angles using spray cross-section images. In direct injection gasoline engines, it was believed that the distribution of air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber directly affected combustion performance and emission formation. However, since gasoline direct injection (GDI) injectors have a small injection angle, interference between individual spray plumes occurs. Therefore, GDI injectors have only measured the spray angle of the entire spray. To overcome these limitations, three methods of indirectly measuring the spray cone angles of individual spray plume were presented and compared by forming sheet beams using Nd:YAG laser and acquiring spray cross-section images. Each method currently has advantages and disadvantages, and research to apply the method suitable for various GDI injectors needs to be continued.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.233.1-233.1
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• 2006

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.657-661
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• 2009

해조칼슘을 습식분쇄한 초미세액상칼슘을 분무건조하여 부형제 종류에 따른 분말칼슘의 품질특성을 알아보고자 gum arabic, cyclodextrin, Na-caseinate를 첨가하여 품질특성을 비교하였다. 분무건조한 초미세분말칼슘의 수분함량은 2% 내외의 안정한 분말을 얻을 수 있었고, 색도는 원료인 해조칼슘보다 L값은 높았으며, b값은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 입자크기는 당류의 부형제 첨가로 초미세 크기로 분쇄되는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, gum arabic을 첨가하여 제조한 초미세액상칼슘을 분무건조한 분말이 식초와 pH에 대한 용해도에서 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 칼슘함량은 해조칼슘분말이 28%의 칼슘함량을 나타내었고, 부형제를 달리하여 제조한 초미세액상칼슘을 분무건조한 분말은 27% 내외로 비슷한 칼슘함량을 나타내어, 습식분쇄나 분무건조 공정에서 칼슘의 손실은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 흡습에 대한 안정성실험에서는 해조칼슘분말이 흡습에 안정하였으며, gum arabic을 첨가하여 분무건조한 분말이 흡습이 많이 발생하였다. 전자주사 현미경 관찰을 통하여 습식분쇄로 입자크기가 작아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, gum arabic을 사용하여 얻은 초미세칼슘분말이 단백질계나 사용하지 않았을 때보다 더 균일한 입자분포를 보였다. 따라서 습식분쇄한 초미세액상칼슘을 분말화하여 용해성등 품질특성이 개선됨을 확인하였으며 습식분쇄기술과 분무건조법을 식품가공기술로 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 확보하였다.