• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.69-82
• /
• 1990

The purposes of this are to figure out the amounts of leisure time of full-time homemakers and to find out leisure time factors contributed to raise the quality of life. The major findings are the followings: 1) Full-time homemakers spend 353 minutes(5.9 hours) on the average per day on the leisure. Time for active leisure(creative activities, sports activities, spectator events, going to the party, and so on) is 70 minutes, while that for passive leisure(watching TV. listening to the radio, reading newspapers. magazines. Books, chating, relaxing, card playing) is 283 minutes(4.7 hours). The passive leisure is the main type of spending leisure time. 2) The total leisure time of wives is significantly related to SES factors. The higher the wives age and education, the family income, and the age of the latest child, the more the wives total leisure time. But the more the family numbers, and the child numbers, the lower the leisure time. Active leisure time is highly rela ed to family income, while passive leisure time is considerably family composition. 3) The wives are mostly satisfied with their lives. The wives perceptions of the quality of life is related to wives's education, house type, and family income. 4) The wives total leisure time is not related to the quality of life. There is a positive correlation between active leisure time and the quality of life, while a negative relationship is between passive leisure time and the perception of the quality of life. 5) In analysis of causal model, it appears that family income and active leisure time of wives directly affect the perceived quality of life. The more the family income and active leisure time, the higher the quality of life. it is implicated for wives to take and active attitude and to reduce, if possible, passive leisure time and to increase active leisure time.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.653-660
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare selected kinematic variables between male medalists and a Korean male javelin thrower at the IAAF World Championships, Daegu 2011. The three medalists and one Korean javelin thrower that participated in the Championships were videotaped using three high-speed cameras (300 frames/s, EX-F1 Exilim, Casio, Japan). The results showed that the release and attitude angles of the Korean male javelin thrower (KMJT) were greater than that of the medalists, whereas the attack angle of the KMJT was smaller than that of the medalists. This study also found that the KMJT clearly had a lower release height than the medalists. As a possible adaptation of his physique to the skill, the KMJT used a small trunk inclination angle and produced greater inclination angles at his upper extremities. These results may be linked to an increase in the release angle of the KMJT. There were some difference between the KMJT and the medalists in terms of the length and duration of the delivery phase. In harmony with the shorter length of the delivery phase, its duration was shorter for the KMJT in comparison to the medalists. Because the delivery stride is considered to be a primary generator of endpoint speed, this decrease in the delivery phase time would decrease the javelin velocity at release. The amount of time taken in the delivery phase may be a critical factor to enhance a javelin thrower's performance. Thus, rhythmic movement training specifically designed for the KMJT will help him attain an optimal throwing position.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.241-246
• /
• 2004

This study investigated the influence of weight perception on weight management strategies including diet and exercise in Korean female adolescents. Junior (J) and senior (S) high school girls were divided in two groups; those who had $\leq$100% (BI) and > 100% (AI) of ideal weight (J-BI, n=376, 14.8 yr, 46.1 kg; J-AI, 11=128, 15.0 yr, 57.4 kg; S-BI, n=325, 17.4 yr, 50.1 kg; and S-AI, n=133, 17.5 yr, 58.2 kg, mean values). Questionnaires to assess weight perception, desire to lose weight, body image, eating behavior, weight control strategies and physical activity (PPA) were administered J-AI(9.4 kg) and S-AI(9.8 kg) desired to lose weight more than J-BI(2.5 kg) and S-BI(3.6 kg), respectively (p < 0.001). 85% of J-AI and 93% of S-AI perceived their weight being above average and 23% of J-BI and 34% of S-BI responded similarly (p < 0.001). Body dissatisfaction index (BDI) and eating attitude (EAT26) scores were lower in J-BI(9.7, 12.0) vs. J-AI(16.4, 14.7) and S-BI(12.4, 12.4) vs. S-AI(19.5, 15.4) (p < 0.001). However, PPA was not different for J-BI vs. J-AI, and S-BI vs. S-AL Only 17, 18, 9, and 15% of J.BI, J.AI, S-BI, and S-AI, respectively, exercised regularly. PPA and BDI were only slightly correlated in J-BI(r=0.194, p < 0.005) and S-BI(r=0.220, p < 0.005). Even that the majority of Korean female adolescents perceived they were heavy and desired to lose weight, appropriate exercise and physical activities were not practiced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.193-211
• /
• 1997

The study was designed to gain necessary basic data in order to grasp the health knowledge, attitude, and practice level of students and teachers of elementary, middle and high schools. This study was conducted through interviews of 3,400 students and 1,022 teachers attending 14 different schools large, middle and small cities and rural towns during a period of nine months (from Oct. 2 1995 to Jun. 30 1996). By the results of this study, the recommendations can be summarized as follows: 1. A school health development committee should be established of 10 members: school health related teachers (physical trainers, nurses, and teachers in charge of health), parents, persons related to health administration, local medical doctors, and student reprensentatives in order to support and immplement school health development plans. 2. Like advanced countries, a health class of 2~4 hours should beplaced in middle and high schools. A nurse majoring in health from a university should be the teacher. 3. A curriculum of health should contain the following: education on health, sex, alcohol, tabacco, the misuse of the drugs, the structure and function of human body, the growth of the body, mental health, safety and emergency care, the prevention of disease, proper eating habits and nutrition, daily health life, family health education, society health, community health, environmental pollution and individual responsibility. 4. Create a school health promotion center, with a nurse's office, and a sports center which has health machines (bars, aerobics, training, twist machine, belt massage, running machine, bench press, chest waist, hack hip extension machine) as well as a physical strength measuring machine (muscular strength, alertness, flexibility, endurance, lung functions and so on), so that the teaching staff and students can use them and train their bodies. 5. Through a refresher education program, urge teachers to understand school health promotion services. 6. Regulate a standard and establish a system of monitoring the physical enviroment of the school (the height of desks and chairs, illumination facilities, ventilation facilities, safe drinking water). 7. Create a check list of health to evaluate improvement.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.128-134
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study wat to investigate relationships of learning motivation and self-efficacy according to participation in a motivational program for university freshman studying physical education. A total of 66 university freshman participated in the current study and divided into experimental group and control group. Questionnaires were distributed before and after motivational program. Statistical methods used in this study were descriptive analysis, paired t-test, ANOVA, and ANCOVA. The results showed the following. First, There was a significant difference in the external motivation variable of learning motivation of the experimental group. Second, the experimental group showed a statistical difference between pretest and posttest in the confidence variable of self-efficacy. positive attitude influenced on leisure satisfaction.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
• /
• no.23
• /
• pp.185-212
• /
• 2011

Buddhist dance (seungmu) is a crux and highlight of Korean traditional dance; its aesthetics and technique are extraordinary, and Korean dance's unique style is well expressed. The Buddhist dance, which has been descended, is divided into Han Yeong Suk style, which is designated as Important Intangible Asset Number 27, and Lee Mae Bang style. While the two dances are same one, area is difference and they have unique style because of genealogical difference. However, studies on Buddhist dance so far have focused on single style's dance, or comparison of regional aspects (Han Yeong Suk dance is from Gyeonggi and Lee Mae Bang dance is from Honam area). But, Lee Byeong Ok suggested traditional artist dance is differed by male dance genealogy and female dance (gibang) genealogy dance, and while folk dance has storng tie with region, but artist dance has weak regional tie. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to study genealogical character of Buddhist dance's dancing style, clarifying Han Yeong Suk dance is male dance genealogy and Lee Mae Bang dance is gibang dance genealogy. In other words, among three theses that compared Lee Mae Bang and Han Yeong Suk dances, one analyzing movement, one comparing dance of invocation and one comparing traditional ballad, are re-analyzed from genealogical perspective and characteristics are comparatively analzyed. The overall summary of the genealogical attitude of the Han Yeong Suk and Lee Mae Ban dances is; First, Han's dance has masculinity, upwardness, progressiveness, activeness, outgoing character, boldness and grace, which are character of male dance lineage, while Lee's dance shows feminity, downwardness, backwardness, aesthecity, inwardness, delicacy and coquette. Second, the most expressed parts of the attitude of two dances are genealogical character, and then are original and regional characters. Third, two dances have strong genealogical attitude, but also has anti-genealogical attitude since the gender of descendent was changed, in other words Lee Mae Bang was man, and Han Yeong Suk was woman. Fourth, even though the two Buddhist dances have different genealogy and region, they share similarities as traditional dance descended in the same time period, so there are many common features. In other words, the two dances are Korean nation's dance and from same time period, but they should not be mixed, either. Even though they have small differences, they must keep each genealogy and descend to the next generation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.713-718
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Studies have indicated that university students majoring in nutrition and dietetics or sport sciences may have more obsessions associated with eating attitudes and body shape perception compared to other disciplines i.e. social sciences. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and compare the risk of eating disorders and body shape perception. MATERIALS/METHODS: Data was collected from 773 undergraduate students at the Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics (NDD) (n = 254), Physical Education and Sports (PESD) (n = 263), and Social Sciences (SOC) (n = 256).A socio-demographic and personal information questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34), Perceived Figure Rating Scale (FRS) were applied; and body weights and heights were measured. RESULTS: Mean EAT-40 scores showed that, both male and female students of PESD had the highest scores ($7.4{\pm}11.6$) compared with NDD ($14.3{\pm}8.3$) and SOC ($13.0{\pm}6.2$) (P < 0.05). According to EAT-40 classification, high risk in abnormal eating behavior was more in PESD (10.7%) compared to NDD (2.9%) and SOC (0.4%) students (P < 0.05). Students of PESD, who skipped meal, had higher tendency to the risk of eating disorders (P < 0.05). In parallel, body shape perception was found to be marked with higher scores in NDD ($72.0{\pm}28.7$) and PESD ($71.5{\pm}32.8$) compared with SOC ($64.2{\pm}27.5$) students (P < 0.05). Considering BSQ-34 classification, high concern (moderate and marked) for body shape were more in PESD (7.4 %) compared to NDD (5.2%) and SOC (1.9%) students (P < 0.05). The body size judgement via obtained by the FRS scale were generally correlated with BMI. The Body Mass Index levels were in normal range (Mean BMI: $21.9{\pm}2.8kg/m^2$) and generally consistent with FRS data. CONCLUSIONS: Tendency to the abnormal eating behavior and substantial body shape perception were higher in PESD students who have more concern on body shape and were not well-educated about nutrition. In conclusion, substantial concern on physical appearance might affect eating behavior disorders in PESD students.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.532-536
• /
• 2009

Recently the entertainment and sports/advertisement industry have developed rapidly, and the name or identities of celebrities such as entertainers or athletics for the advertisement so that following troubles are occurred continually. Some celebrities actually started a suit for there right of publicity was violated, and won the case. Meanwhile, the right of publicity has become a growing issue in the society. In the States, the right of publicity which controls using one's identity for commercial use, and it is recognized as a right of property separated from the right of privacy. But in Germany, the right of publicity is protected as a human right. On the other hand, in Korea, there is an argument that the mental human right and the right of publicity which has property-characteristic are not separated clearly, and also the attitude of precedent toward the right of publicity is not unified. Especially in Korea, where it is taking the written laws principally, it is not easy to recognize the right of publicity which is a monopoly and exclusion without basis such as any actual laws such as regulation of agreement or any conventional laws. Therefore, as the right protection of celebrities is becoming the social state and there is an agreement with the constituents of the society, now Korea shall progress legislation about the right of publicity, and prepare a legal basis which regulates the remedies for the realization condition, alienation, inheritance, objectives, duration and violation of the right of publicity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
• /
• no.1
• /
• pp.230-236
• /
• 2001

The usual definition of and urban resort was a place vastly different from places of daily life such as a theme park or other tourist destination. At the same time, revival of the combination of usual and unusual spaces, in a way like the mixed "Hare"(Special occasion of public event) and "Ke"(Daily life) spaces of communities of old Japan, is part of the idea of urban resorts. And they are places, which start by making a comfortable urban environment for citizens, providing a daily life full of culture and promoting a city′s identity to visitors. if we think about the kinds of structural elements of urban resorts, the usual elements include community, local culture and industry, while the unusual elements include symbols, festivities and interaction. Kobe Wing Stadium is a venue for the 2002 FIFA World Cup hosted by Korea and Japan. The city will build the stadium, but after construction management will be given over to private enterprise, hoping to utilize that sector′s business know how. A competition was held to determine the private executor who would be entrusted with the planning, design, construction and management of the project, considering the conditions of the area, the stadium′s relationship to it and local revitalization. The competition was won by a private enterprise (Kobe Steel Obayashi Group). The them of "Creation of a Sports Community Park" grapples with the large issue of the facility′s relationship with the community. American geographer Yi-fu Tuan coined the word "topophilia" to indicate love of a place. No other word could better describe the desired urban resort nature of the stadium. From this historical perspective it seems that stadiums have great potential as urban resorts. The factor that will determine their success is the attitude of citizens toward them, in short whether they develop topophilia for them or not. We examined the urban resort nature of Kobe Wing Stadium. Regarding daily life, we saw the attempts to revive the local community, the possibility of deepening the local culture and the weakened state of local industry. As a place that is for more than daily life, we saw the certainty of the stadium′s symbolism, its potential as a place for festivities and the test it will face as a space for interaction. Even though several issues are left for future resolution, evaluating Kobe Wing Stadium through these elements of an urban resort, it is clearly founded in the daily life of the community while providing a venue for "Hare"occasions. Fulfilling the roles of an urban resort, it provides many opportunities for local residents to enjoy their and gives visitors a reason to come repeatedly.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2012

Oxygen is the final acceptor of electron transport from fat and carbohydrate oxidation, which is the rate-limiting factor for cellular ATP production. Under altitude hypoxia condition, energy reliance on anaerobic glycolysis increases to compensate for the shortfall caused by reduced fatty acid oxidation [1]. Therefore, training at altitude is expected to strongly influence the human metabolic system, and has the potential to be designed as a non-pharmacological or recreational intervention regimen for correcting diabetes or related metabolic problems. However, most people cannot accommodate high altitude exposure above 4500 M due to acute mountain sickness (AMS) and insulin resistance corresponding to a increased levels of the stress hormones cortisol and catecholamine [2]. Thus, less stringent conditions were evaluated to determine whether glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity could be improved by moderate altitude exposure (below 4000 M). In 2003, we and another group in Austria reported that short-term moderate altitude exposure plus endurance-related physical activity significantly improves glucose tolerance (not fasting glucose) in humans [3,4], which is associated with the improvement in the whole-body insulin sensitivity [5]. With daily hiking at an altitude of approximately 4000 M, glucose tolerance can still be improved but fasting glucose was slightly elevated. Individuals vary widely in their response to altitude challenge. In particular, the improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by prolonged altitude hiking activity is not apparent in those individuals with low baseline DHEA-S concentration [6]. In addition, hematopoietic adaptation against altitude hypoxia can also be impaired in individuals with low DHEA-S. In short-lived mammals like rodents, the DHEA-S level is barely detectable since their adrenal cortex does not appear to produce this steroid [7]. In this model, exercise training recovery under prolonged hypoxia exposure (14-15% oxygen, 8 h per day for 6 weeks) can still improve insulin sensitivity, secondary to an effective suppression of adiposity [8]. Genetically obese rats exhibit hyperinsulinemia (sign of insulin resistance) with up-regulated baseline levels of AMP-activated protein kinase and AS160 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle compared to lean rats. After prolonged hypoxia training, this abnormality can be reversed concomitant with an approximately 50% increase in GLUT4 protein expression. Additionally, prolonged moderate hypoxia training results in decreased diffusion distance of muscle fiber (reduced cross-sectional area) without affecting muscle weight. In humans, moderate hypoxia increases postprandial blood distribution towards skeletal muscle during a training recovery. This physiological response plays a role in the redistribution of fuel storage among important energy storage sites and may explain its potent effect on changing body composition. Conclusion: Prolonged moderate altitude hypoxia (rangingfrom 1700 to 2400 M), but not acute high attitude hypoxia (above 4000 M), can effectively improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance for humans and antagonizes the obese phenotype in animals with a genetic defect. In humans, the magnitude of the improvementvaries widely and correlates with baseline plasma DHEA-S levels. Compared to training at sea-level, training at altitude effectively decreases fat mass in parallel with increased muscle mass. This change may be associated with increased perfusion of insulin and fuel towards skeletal muscle that favors muscle competing postprandial fuel in circulation against adipose tissues.