• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.39-42
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• 2001

A reference range data base containing organ weight values on animals used in 4 week and 13 week toxicity tests is described. Data listed include the values of minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation for each of the following organ weights. Organs: Brain, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, testis, ovary. This study was undertaken to determine organ weight reference values of Ktc: SD rats

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.1 s.32
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• pp.51-65
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• 2007

Objective : The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Sophorae Flos on streptozotocin - induced Diabetes mellitus. Method : Sophorae Flos was given to rats with oral administration. The experimental animals were divided into 3groups : normal group of rats, control group of Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, sample group with Sophorae Flos . The effect of Sophorae Flos on Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was observed by measuring the survival rate of rats, weight of rats, FER, blood glucose, each organ weight of rat, total cholesterol, HDL, GOT, GPT & creatinine. Result : Streptozotocin caused hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia by a selectively destroying pancreatic ${\beta}-cell$. Sophorae Flos treatment don't protected them from hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. Organ weight liver, kidney, heart & spleen shows no significant changes. Sophorae Flos significantly don't recoverd the increase of several biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, GOT, GPT, antioxidant & creatinine is vice versa. Conclusion : Sophorae Flos extract group did not show significant decrease than Streptozotocin control group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1278-1282
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• 2001

Effect of the egg yolks from laying hens intubated, p.o., astaxanthin (designated AEY) on the catabolic response overcome of mice was examined. Female ICR mice (6~7 weeks of age) were adapted in a temperature- and humidity-controlled house for one week and randomly divided into 5 groups (6 mice/cage/treatment). Mice were intubated p.o., AEY (5, 10 and 15 mg), control egg yolk (CEY, 10 mg), or fish oil (5 mg) dissolved in 0.2 mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) every two days for 14 days. At day 15, the 0.1 mL of lipopolysaccharide solution (LPS, 30$\mu\textrm{g}$/0.1 mL 10 mM HEPES) was injected through tail vein, and then, the body weight of mouse and the amount of feed intake were measured over a period of 72 hours. Control group mice were received only PBS and LPS. AEY treatment suppressed the loss of mice body weight in a dose-response manner. Twenty four hours post LPS injection, the reduced body weight per mouse of AEY 5, AEY 10, and AEY 15 mg treatment groups was 3.70, 3.54, and 3.25 g, respectively. Body weight suppression effect of AEY treatment was greater than that of CEY, but less than fish oil. AEY treatment did not alter thymus weight, but increased the weight of spleen or liver. These results indicate that AEY suppressed the loss of body weight by LPS via any function of the spleen and/or liver.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.957-966
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• 2003

Effects of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysacharide(LPS) and dietary krill meal on the Growth and feed utilization were investigated in broiler chicks. Eight cages of five newly hatched chicks each were assigned and fed to one of the experimental diets containing 0.0,(basal) 0.5 or 1.0% krill meal during 3 weeks of experimental period. And half(four) of the eight cages were i.p. injected with saline or LPS(Immune response activation) every alternate day three times beginning 8 day-old during 2 week of age. Dietary krill meal did not affect growth, feed efficiency, nitrogen balance(NB), uric acid excretion, and ME utilization when the saline was injected. However, the immune response activation lowered daily gain and feed intake and NB and increased uric acid excretion, and the relative liver and spleen weight. Also, birds fed diet containing krill meal 1.0% reduced the feed efficiency and increased spleen weight, and ME and NB or ME required for gain compared with those fed basal and krill meal 0.5% diets in LPS-injected chicks. During recovery period from the immunological stress in 3rd week of age, the krill meal diet reduced the weight of liver and spleen, The results showcd that dietary krill meal did not affect the growth of broiler chicks, but the higher uric acid excretion or dietary ME value indicated the increased protein decomposition or absorption of dietary energy sources in immune response activated birds.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.468-475
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• 1992

This study was carried out to observe the effects of dietaryn-6, n-3 fatty acids and vitamin A levels on humoral immunity in rat. Sixty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 6 weeks. The diets were composed of 10% of either corn oil or fish oil with various levels of vitamin A ; deficient(12450 IU/kg diet) adequate(4000IU/kg diet) and excess(400,000 IU/kg diet) The weight of spleen from the excess vitamin A-fish oil group showed the lowest value of all the groups when spleen weight was expressed/100g body weight. The number of PFC to SRBC was not affected by dietary at type and vitamin A levels. Hemagglutination titers were significantly lower in fish oil groups compared to corn oil groups and the values of vitamin A deficient groups were lower than the ones of adequate and excess vitamin A groups. IgM contents is serum were significantly lower in fish oil groups than in corn oil groups. IgG contents were higher in fish oil groups than in corn oil groups and the highest levels was recorded in excess vitamin A-fish oil group which showed the smallest speen size. Light microscopical examination showed that spleen tissues of fish oil groups were well developed than those of the corn oil groups and vitamin A deficient and excessive groups showed poor development than the adequate groups. Therefore it is suggested that adequate amounts of vitamin A consumption is necessary for healthy individuals and fish oil intake along with excess vitamin A should be avoided in order to maintain immune function properly.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 1995

A teratogenicity study of KTC-1, a new semisynthetic rifamycin antituberculous drug, was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats. Dosages of KTC-1 0, 7, 21, and 63 mg/kg/day were administered to darns orally gayage from day 7 to day 17 of gestation. Two-third of dams per group were subjected to cesarean section on day 21 of pregnancy for examination of their fetuses, and the remaining one-third of darns per group were allowed to deliver naturally for postnatal examination of their offspring. At 21 mg/kg/day, an increase in the skeletal variations of F1 fetuses and a decrease in the body weight of F1 offspring were seen. At 63 mg/kg/day, a loss in body weight was observed in darns. An increase in fetal death rate, a decrease in litter size and body weight, and an increase in the incidence of visceral malforrnations and skeletal variations were found in F1 fetuses. In particular, lumar rib occurred at an incidence of 31%. In addition, an increase in the dead newborns at birth and neonatal deaths during the lactation period, a loss in body weight, and a decrease in spleen weight were observed in F1 offspring. There were no signs of maternal toxicity or embryotoxicity at 7 mg/kg/day. The results suggest that the no-effect dose level(NOEL)for dams is 21 mg/kg/day, and NOELs for F1 fetuses and offspring are 7 mg/kg/day.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.3 no.3_4
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• pp.39-51
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• 1988

Effects of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and perilla oil on the toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in male rat were studied. Rats were fed ad libitum for 6 weeks with the animal diet which contains PCB 30 ppm and 100 ppm. Perilla oil (0.5 g/kg body weight) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (30 mg/kg body weight) were administered intraperitoneally twice a week for 6 weeks. Rats fed with PCB showed enlargement of liver and spleen, increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, sereum lipid and cytochrome P 450 and decrease in body weight and glutathione. When perilla oil was administered to rats fed with PCB increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum lipid and cytochrome P45O and decrease in body weight and glutathione were significantly augmented, compared to rats fed with PCB alone. This means that perilla oil potentiates the toxicity of PCB. On the other hand when ${\alpha}$-tocopherol was administered to rats fed with PCB increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum lipid and cytochrome P45O and decrease in body weight and glutathione were signigicantly reduced, compared to rats fed with PCB alone. This means that u-tocopherol reduces the toxicity of PCB. From the above results, it may be concluded that PCB is metabolized by microsomal mixed function oxidase and the metabolite causes the toxicity and microsomal glutathione plays a role of protection on the toxicity of PCB.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 1989

The humoral immune response of Eicosapentanoic acid(EPA) was investigated in mice. ICR male mice were divided into 8 groups and received intraperitoneal injection of EPA(5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Cyclophosphamide(5 mg/kg) was administered i.p. 2 days prior to secondary immunization. Humoral immune response was evaluated by antibody titer, hypersensitivity to SRBC (Arthus), plaque forming cell(PFC) and organ weight. The ontanined results were as followings: The increased rate of body weight, the ratio of liver weight, spleen weight to body weight were decreased by all EPA administration groups as compared to normal group. HA titer, HY titer and Arthus reaction were enhanced according to the increase of EPA doses as compared to normal group. PFC was significantly enhanced by EPA 10 mg administration group. These results suggest that EPA enhances humoral immune response to SRBC in mice, indicating that EPA may block a immunoglobulin synthesis inhibition of arachidonic acid.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of phytase on the growth performance, organ weight, and tibia ash of broilers. A total of 1008 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (mixed gender) with body weight 42 ± 0.90 g (mean ± SD) were used in a trial for 32 d. Chicks were assigned to one of the two treatment diets. Each treatment consisted of 28 replicate cages, with 18 birds per cage. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; TRT1, basal diet + phytase 1,500 Fan Terminal Unit (FTU)/kg diet. Dietary inclusion of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation in broilers showed only slight improvements in daily feed intake (P=0.086) and feed conversion ratio (P=0.065) on day 9 compared with that in the control group. However, organ weights of the breast muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, and bursa of Fabricius were not affected by the dietary treatments. In addition, the dietary inclusion of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation in the broiler diet had no effect on tibia ash. The addition of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase in the basal diet of broilers did not have any adverse effect on growth performance, organ weight, and tibia ash, suggesting that phytase supplementation in broiler diets will exhibit comparable effects as that of corn-soybean meal-based diet.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.409-416
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• 2000

Objective : In order to study effects of Chungsanggyuntong-tang on Hyperlipidemia which causes Hypertension, Arteriosclerosis, Cerebral vascular disease and Ischemic heart disease Methods : The changes of serum total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, body weight and organ weight were observed after the liquid extracts of Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang and Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang were administered p.o to the Hyperlipidemic rats induced by 1% cholesterol diet for 10, 20 and 30 days. Results : The food consumption and the body weight were significantly decreased in both Chungsanggyuntong-tang group compared with control group, except Double-dosage 30days. The contents of total lipid were significantly decreased in Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group for 20, 30 days, but Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group did not show any significant change compared with control group. The contents of total cholesterol were decreased in Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group and Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group, but did not show any significant changes compared with control group. The contents of triglyceride were significantly decreased in Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group for 10, 30 days, but Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group did not show significant changes compared with control group. The contents of HDL-cholesterol were significantly increased in Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group for 10 days compared with control group. The contents of LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased in both Chungsanggyuntong-tang group for 10 and 30 days compared with control group. The liver and spleen weight were significantly increased in control group compared with normal group. The liver weight was significantly decreased in Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group compared with control group. The liver, spleen and kidney weight were significantly decreased in Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group compared with control group. Conclusions : It was thought that Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang and Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang could be applied effectively to the Hyperlipidemia.