• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.702-707
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• 1999

A percoll density gradient technique was developed for producing high quality turkey semen and improving the fertility by removing deleterious cellular components, including spermiophages, bacteria, abnormal or dead spermatozoa, and other cellular debris. The combination of three different percoll densities, 1.05, 1.07, and 1.08 showed the best resolution and was selected to prepare a discontinuous percoll density gradient to obtain healthy spermatozoa from semen smples. Bacteria, spermiophages, and abnormal or dead spermatozoa were detected from the density range from 1.05, 1.05 to 1.07, and 1.07 to 1.08, respectively. Healthy spermatozoa were collected from the density greater than 1.08. Spermatozoa obtained from percoll density gradient centrifugation showed better sperm motility than those from unprocessed pooled semen. Bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus spp., were predominant contaminants in turkey semen, and the numbers of cells were approximately $5{\times}10^5$ to $1{\times}10^9cfu/ml$. The overall fertility rates in hens inseminated with processed percoll density gradient were higher than those in hens with unprocessed semen especially for unhealthy sperm. In conclusion, semen quality can be improved by percoll density gradient centrifugation, which augmented the fertility of turkey breeders.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.439-447
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• 1992

Eight healthy Holstein bulls, 4-6 years old were used to study the effect of season of the year on the biophysical characteristics of semen. Semen was collected twice a week by AV (artificial vagina) over one-year period. The analyses revealed that all the basic seminal traits studied were differed significantly due to season, except the ejaculate volume and consistency and the percentage of swollen spermatozoa in a hypo-osmotic fructose-citrate solution. Ejaculates collected during hot summer season had significantly lower sperm motility, concentration and total counts, and higher percentage of dead spermatozoa than those collected during winter time. Warm spring had moderate semen quality. The temperature-humidity index was calculated and it was associated (p < 0.01) negatively with the ejaculate pH, sperm concentration and total counts, and positively with the % of dead sperms. Ejaculate volume, percentage of swollen spermatozoa, individual motilities did not correlate significantly with the change in temperature-humidity index values. The total live, motile spermatozoa per ejaculate during both the winter and spring seasons showed significant increase of about 37% and 32% respectively over the summer season. Also, rectal temperatures of the bulls were elevated during the hot summer season, while the values of blood hemoglobin and packed-cell volume were decreased.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2014

Plasminogen activators (PAs) are serine proteases that convert plasminogen to plasmin. Two type of PAs are urokinase-type PA (uPA) and tissue-type PA (tPA). Plasminogen is present in most extracellular fluids. PAs play in various reproductive processes including implantation, ovulation and fertilization. In the spermatozoa, PAs and PAIs play a role in sperm motility and fertilization. PAs in the sertoli cell are stimulated spermatozoa maturation and sperm activation through the phospholipase A2. The oocyte maturation is the process for fertilization and implantation. PAs in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) are related to oocyte maturation by protein kinase A and C. In the ovulatory process, PAs activity are changed and it are related to reducing the tensile strength of ovarian follicle wall. The uterine environment is important for reproduction and the uterus undergo tissue remodeling. In the uterus and oviduct of mammals, expression and activity of PAs are changed during estrous cycle. Thus, expression and activity of PAs are concerned to many reproductive functions. Therefore, PAs seem to important factor of regulator in reproductive events.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.169-172
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• 2010

역 사정은 남성불임 원인의 하나인데, 이를 해결 하기 위해서는 사정 후 방광으로부터 정자를 회수하여 보조생식술을 시행함으로써 불임을 극복할 수 있다. 배우자의 뇨로부터 정자를 회수한 후 인공수정을 시도하여 많은 임신이 보고되고 있는데, 본원에서는 Clomiphene Citrate와 hMG를 사용하여 배란을 유도하고, 뇨와 함께 채취된 정액을 10% serum substitute supplement가 첨가된 modified Ham's F-10을 이용하여 뇨의 산성도와 삼투압 조절 후, 정자의 운동성을 유지하여 인공수정을 실시하였는데 성공적인 임신을 경험하여 문헌고찰과 함께 간략히 보고하는 바이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 1994

With the indirect immunobead antisperm antibody test(IBT) a prospective study was conducted to evaluate the immune status of 38 men before and after vasovasostomy. The pregnancy and postoperative semen analysis were evaluated. The results were compared between pregnant (n=14) and non-pregnant(n=24) group. The postoperative sperm motility was inversely correlated with the titer of the preoperative and postoperative IgG(p<0.01). The preoperative and postoperative titer of IgG were significantly higher than the titer of IgA or IgM(p<0.05). The mean percentage of the positive IBT(20 per cent binding or more) of the pregnant group was significantly lower than non-pregnant group in the preoprative and postoperative IgG(p<0.05). Immunobead binding restricted to the head and tail of a sperm in IgG was predominant and significantly lower in the pregnant group (p<0.05). In conclusion, IgG especially immunobead binding to the head and tail can be used as a sensitive screening assay for antisperm antibodies after vasovasostomy.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 1979

This experiment was conducted to separate X-and Y-bearing spermatozoa of boar semen. The ratio of X-and Y-bearing spermatozoa to total spermatozoa included in ejaculated semen obtained from 4 boars raising at the College of Agriculture, Seoul National University and treated by the sedimentory or electrophoretic technique was estimated. For the electrophoresis, the semen specimen was placed into the co, pp.r loop electrodes in 30cc of glass tube at room temperature for 30 minutes and in order to sedimentary separation, the semen was sedimented in 5$^{\circ}C$ water for 50 minutes. The sperm fluorescent stainning technique was performed by the method of Bhattacharya etal (1976). The results obtained were as follows; 1. Average rate of B-body bearing spermatozoa in normal boar semen was 45.15${\pm}$4.20%, and no significant difference was observed between 1st (44.88${\pm}$6.41%) and 2nd (42.75${\pm}$4.17%) fraction of fractionally collected semen. 2. Spermatozoa were separated into several different fractions by sedimentation. B-body a, pp.arances from the top and bottom fraction were 53.70% and 33.43%, respectively. There were highly significant difference between the top and bottom fractions. 3. The swine spermatozoa were separated into X-and Y-bearing spermatozos by electrophoresis without interferring the sperm motility. The rates of B-body bearing spermatozoa attracted on the anode and cathode were 60.4% and 21.8%, respectively. Highly significant difference betwee two fractions was also observed.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2014

Arecoline is a major alkaloid of areca nuts which are widely chewed by southeast Asian and it manifests various toxic effects in different organs of human and animals. In this work, mature mice were treated by vitamins C plus E, arecoline, or both daily for four weeks. The results showed that arecoline significantly increased the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and significantly decreased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver tissues. Additionally, the body weight, testis weight, sperm counts, motility and normal sperms also were significantly decreased. The supplement of vitamins C and E can bring the activities of ALP and GPT to normal levels and partially restore the sperm counts compared to the arecoline-treated group but have no other positive effects. In conclusion, the vitamins C and E partially attenuated the arecoline-induced hepatotoxiciy but basically had on protective effects against the arecoline-induced testicular toxicity.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2007

저선량 방사선에 의한 생물학적 효과를 규명하기 위하여, 쥐의 전신에 저선량 X-Ray을 조사하여 쥐의 정자에 미치는 생물학적효과를 관찰하였다. 실험용 동물인 Sprague-Dawley(SD) rat 총 36마리를 6마리씩 구분하여, 각각 대조군, 10 mGy, 20 mGy, 50 mGy, 100 mGy, 200 mGy의 X-Ray을 전신 조사하였다. 0.1g 당 정자수는 각각 $14.216{\times}10^6,\;13.901{\times}10^6,\;14.153{\times}10^6,\;13.831{\times}10^6,\;14.137{\times}10^6,\;14.677{\times}10^6$로 통계적인 차이는 나타나지 않았고, 정자의 운동성은 각각 50.9%, 49.5%, 55.1%, 54.3%, 48.0%, 52.2%이었다. 그리고 남성호르몬은 대조군에 비하여 모두 증가함을 보였고, 현미경 시야에서 고환조직을 확인한 바로는 정세관, 정소세포에서 공포화가 나타나지 않았다. 이 같은 결과로부터 과학기술부와 보건복지부의 법령에서 제한하는 선량이하에서 피폭선량이 관리된 SD rat에게 유해한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 이와 같은 연구의 결과는 제한된 숫자의 동물에게서 확인한 결과이므로 인체에서 동일한 효과가 나타난다고 주장할 수 없다. 그러므로 향후 다른 동물과 궁극적으로 인체에 나타나는 효과에 대한 추가적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2010

The present study was conducted to obtain information on the effects of amitraz on reproductive and developmental parameters in rats. The test chemical was administered via the drinking water containing 0, 40, 120, and 360 ppm to male rats from 2 weeks before mating to the end of 14-day mating period and to females from 2 weeks before mating, throughout mating, gestation and up to lactational day 4. During the study period, clinical signs, body weights, food intake, organ weights, reproductive and littering findings, necropsy findings, sperm parameters, and histopathology were examined. At 360 ppm, decreases in the body weight gain, food consumption, and the number of live pups and an increase in the post-implantation loss were observed. In addition, decreases in the seminal vesicle weight and sperm motility were found in males. At 120 ppm, a decrease in the food consumption was found transiently in both males and females, but no reproductive and developmental toxicity was observed in both sexes. There were no signs of either general or reproductive and developmental toxicity in the 40 ppm group. Based on these results, it was concluded that the repeated oral administration of amitraz to rats resulted in a decrease in the food consumption at 120 ppm and decreases in the seminal vesicle weight, sperm motility, and the number of live pups and an increase in the post-implantation loss at 360 ppm in rats. Under these experimental conditions, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of amitraz for general and reproduction/developmental toxicity was believed to be 120 ppm, and the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) of amitraz was believed to be 40 ppm in rats.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.237-247
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• 2013

This study was to examine single or combined in vitro effects of environmental endocrine disruptors on boar sperm characteristics, oxidative stress damage in sperm and development of porcine IVF embryos. Addition of various concentration of NP (10, 20, $30{\mu}M$), DBP (10, 50, $100{\mu}M$) and BPA (1, 5 or $10{\mu}g/ml$) on boar sperm characteristics such as percentages of sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity were dose-dependently decreased within 3, 6 or 9 hr incubation period (p<0.05). The overall detrimental effects increased with incubation time increasement. NP, DBP and BPA showed the detrimental effects on sperm membrane and mitochondria of energy production organelles affecting cell viability with the dependancy of dose and incubation time. In combination effects, NP ($10{\mu}M$) + DBP ($10{\mu}M$) significantly decreased boar general sperm characteristics for 3 or 6 hr incubation period compared with control (p<0.05). When both of NP and DBP concentrations (NP; $30{\mu}M$, DBP; $100{\mu}M$) increase, the detrimental effects on sperm characteristics were larger than those of low concentration combination (p<0.05). The inhibitory effects of NP ($30{\mu}M$) + BPA ($10{\mu}g/ml$) on sperm characteristics were larger than those of NP ($10{\mu}M$) + BPA ($1{\mu}g/ml$) (p<0.05). DBP ($100{\mu}M$) + BPA ($10{\mu}g/ml$) decreased sperm characteristics compared with the low concentration combination (DBP $10{\mu}M$ + BPA $1{\mu}g/ml$, p<0.05). This result indicates the detrimental effects of both chemicals on sperm characteristics were dose dependent. Addition of NP ($30{\mu}M$) + DBP ($100{\mu}M$), NP ($30{\mu}M$) + BPA ($10{\mu}g/ml$), DBP ($10{\mu}M$) + BPA ($1{\mu}g/ml$) or DBP ($100{\mu}M$) + BPA ($10{\mu}g/ml$) significantly increased lipid peroxidation for 3 or 6 hr incubation period (p<0.05) compared with no addition control. NP (${\geq}20{\mu}M$) decreased the percentages of IVF embryo development from morulae and blastocyst stages (p<0.05) and its detrimental effects were dose-dependant. BPA 0, 1, 5 or $10{\mu}g/ml$ decreased significantly and dose-dependently the percentage of morulae plus and blastocysts (p<0.05). Combinations of DBP ($100{\mu}M$) plus NP ($30{\mu}M$) and DBP ($100{\mu}M$) plus BPA ($10{\mu}g/ml$) did not affect on morulae and blastocyst development, but NP ($30{\mu}M$) plus BPA ($10{\mu}g/ml$) has significant detrimental effect on embryo development at these stages (p<0.05). These overall results indicate that the partial detrimental effects on boar sperm characteristics and embryo development by NP, DBP, BPA or the combination of these chemicals might be due to the increasement of lipid peroxidation and free radical formation in the cell and there were no specific interaction effects on boar sperm and embryo degeneration among the combined treatments.