• 음성과학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2008

This study was intended to analyze how well people with right hemisphere damage can understand Korean proverbs. This study used a between-subject design and within-subjects design where all subjects participate in the three experiments for 10 hospitalized patients of whose average age is 66.1 years old and 10 normal adults in the same age range. Experiment 1 was to make up Korean proverb related stories and suggest it in written, Experiment II was to suggest a picture presenting a Korean proverb and the proverb itself directly, and Experiment III was to make up a story related to a Korean proverb and tell it auditory. Five Korea proverbs were used for each experiment; 15 in total. The results were as follows: First, there was a significant difference in understanding of Korean proverbs between normal adults and people with right hemisphere damage. Second, there was no significant difference of understanding between them by stimulating methods to suggest Korean proverbs. Third, people with right hemisphere damage had a tendency to interpret Korean proverbs literally as a total wrong reaction was composed of 55.36%. Considering the above the results, it can be said that people with right hemisphere damage have less understanding of Korean proverbs than normal adults, which is not affected by a way of or a condition of suggesting Korean proverbs in people with RHD, and they are inclined to make literal interpretation of Korean proverbs as they are.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2007

We propose a multi-strategic concept-spotting approach for robust spoken language understanding of conversational Korean in a hostile recognition environment such as in-car navigation and telebanking services. Our concept-spotting method adopts a partial semantic understanding strategy within a given specific domain since the method tries to directly extract predefined meaning representation slot values from spoken language inputs. In spite of partial understanding, we can efficiently acquire the necessary information to compose interesting applications because the meaning representation slots are properly designed for specific domain-oriented understanding tasks. We also propose a multi-strategic method based on this concept-spotting approach such as a voting method. We present experiments conducted to verify the feasibility of these methods using a variety of spoken Korean data.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.3267-3274
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• 2011

최근 다양한 모바일 기기의 사용자 환경과 다양한 음성인식 소프트웨어의 영향으로 음성인식 기술역시 빠르게 발전되고 있다. 그러나 다국어를 대상으로 하는 음성인식의 경우 다국어 혼합음성에 대한 이해 부족과 시스템 성능의 한계로 인하여 원활한 인식율의 개선은 이루어지지 않고 있다. 여러 나라의 혼합 언어로 표현된 음성의 경우 하나의(단일) 음성모델로 구현하는 것이 쉽지 않고, 또한 여러 개의 음성모델을 사용한 시스템의 경우 음성인식 성능의 저하라는 문제점이 있다. 이에 따라 다양한 언어로 구성되어 있는 음성을 하나의 음성모델로 표현할 수 있는 다국어 음성인식 모바일 시스템의 개발 필요성이 증가되고 이에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 시스템에서 다국어 혼합 음성모델을 사용하기 위한 기본연구로써 한국어와 영어 음성을 국제 음성기호(IPA)로 인식하는 통합음성모델 시스템 구축을 연구하였고, 한국어와 영어 음소를 동시에 만족하는 IPA모델을 찾는데 중점을 두어 실험한 결과 우리말 음성은 94.8%, 영어 음성은 95.36%라는 인식률을 얻을 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

A concept of Deep Level Situation Understanding is proposed to realize human-like natural communication (called casual communication) among multi-agent (e.g., humans and robots/machines), where the deep level situation understanding consists of surface level understanding (such as gesture/posture understanding, facial expression understanding, speech/voice understanding), emotion understanding, intention understanding, and atmosphere understanding by applying customized knowledge of each agent and by taking considerations of thoughtfulness. The proposal aims to reduce burden of humans in humans-robots interaction, so as to realize harmonious communication by excluding unnecessary troubles or misunderstandings among agents, and finally helps to create a peaceful, happy, and prosperous humans-robots society. A simulated experiment is carried out to validate the deep level situation understanding system on a scenario where meeting-room reservation is done between a human employee and a secretary-robot. The proposed deep level situation understanding system aims to be applied in service robot systems for smoothing the communication and avoiding misunderstanding among agents.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2011

Most individuals with hearing impairment have difficulty in understanding speech in noisy situations. This study was conducted to investigate sentence recognition ability using the Korean Standard-Sentence Lists for Preschoolers (KS-SL-P2) in pre-school age children with cochlear implants and hearing aids. The subjects of this study were 10 pre-school age children with hearing aids, 12 pre-school age children with cochlear implants, and 10 pre-school age children with normal hearing. Three kinds of signal-to-noise (SNR) conditions (+10 dB, +5 dB, 0 dB) were applied. The results for all pre-school age children with cochlear implants and hearing aids presented a significant increase in the score for sentence recognition as SNR increased. The sentence recognition score in speech noise were obtained with the SNR +10 dB. Significant differences existed between groups in terms of their sentence recognition ability, with the cochlear implant group performing better than the hearing aid group. These findings suggest the presence of a sentence recognition test using speech noise is useful for evaluating pre-school age children's listening skill.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Self-reported difficulties in speech-in-noise (SiN) recognition are common among tinnitus patients. Whereas hearing impairment that usually co-occurs with tinnitus can explain such difficulties, recent studies suggest that tinnitus patients with normal hearing sensitivity still show decreased SiN understanding, indicating that SiN difficulties cannot be solely attributed to changes in hearing sensitivity. In fact, cognitive control, which refers to a variety of top-down processes that human beings use to complete their daily tasks, has been shown to be critical for SiN recognition, as well as the key to understand cognitive inefficiencies caused by tinnitus. In this article, we review studies investigating the association between tinnitus and cognitive control using behavioral and brain imaging assessments, as well as those examining the effect of tinnitus on SiN recognition. In addition, three factors that can affect cognitive control in tinnitus patients, including hearing sensitivity, age, and severity of tinnitus, are discussed to elucidate the association among tinnitus, cognitive control, and SiN recognition. Although a possible central or cognitive involvement has always been postulated in the observed SiN impairments in tinnitus patients, there is as yet no direct evidence to underpin this assumption, as few studies have addressed both SiN performance and cognitive control in one tinnitus cohort. Future studies should aim at incorporating SiN tests with various subjective and objective methods that evaluate cognitive performance to better understand the relationship between SiN difficulties and cognitive control in tinnitus patients.

• 한국어교육
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.225-254
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to contrast the patterns of realization and understanding of refusal speech acts between Korean and Thai learners. This study intends to answer the following questions: (1) Do Koreans and Thai learners perform refusal speech acts differently? (2) Do Koreans and Thai learners understand refusal speech acts differently? A DCT and a follow-up interview were conducted to collect data of two groups of 30 native Korean speakers and 30 native Thai speakers. For research question 1, we analyzed the refusal strategy and provided reasons given by Koreans and Thai learners depending on the context. For research question 2, we ran a chi-squared test on the elements of the follow-up interviews, such as the weight of burden of refusing, and whether the participant would actually refuse or not. The differences between the refusal strategies of the two groups could be categorized by the preceding inducing speech act. In refusing a request, the difference was prominent in the apologizing strategy, whereas in refusing a suggestion, the difference was mainly in the direct refusal strategy. When refusing an invitation, the most evident difference was the number of refusal strategies employed. When providing an explanation of refusal to people with high social status, Koreans gave more specific reasons for refusals, whereas Thai learners tended to use more vague reasons. Moreover, when refusing an invitation, Koreans primarily mentioned the relationship, and Thai learners showed the spirit of Greng Jai. When asked the weight of burden of refusing, Koreans felt pressured to refuse a request from people with high social status, and a suggestion or invitation from people with high level of intimacy while Thai learners found it highly difficult to make a refusal in all cases. In answering whether they would actually refuse or not, Koreans tried not to make a refusal to people with high level of intimacy, and such a trend was not evident among the Thai. This study can help us better understand the learner's pragmatic failure, and serve as a basis in establishing a curriculum for teaching speech acts.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제21권1E호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2002

This study aims at investigating the relationship between voice and the image information carried within the voice. Whenever we hear somebody talking, we form a mental image of the speaker. Is it accurate? Is there a relationship between the voice and the image triggered by the voice? To answer these questions, speech samples form 8 males and 8 females were recorded. Two photos were taken for each speaker: the whole body photo (W) with physical characteristics present, and the face close-ups (F) without much physical details revealed. 361 subjects were asked to match the voices with the corresponding photos. The results showed that 5 males and 5 f3males (with W) and 2 males and 4 females (with F) were correctly identified. More interestingly, however, even in the mismatches, there was a strong tendency for participants to agree on which voice should correspond to which photo. The participants also agreed much more readily on their favorite voice than on their favorite photo. It seems voice does carry certain information about the physical characteristics of the speaker in a consistent manner. These findings have some bearings on understanding the mechanism of speech production and perception as well as on improving speech technology.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제49호
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• pp.159-174
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• 2004

The development of the durational component of prosody modelling was overviewed and discussed in text-to-speech conversion of spoken English and Korean, showing the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. The possibility of integrating linguistic feature effects into the duration modelling of TTS systems was also investigated. This paper claims that current approaches to language timing synthesis still require an understanding of how segmental duration is affected by context. Three modelling approaches were discussed: sequential rule systems, Classification and Regression Tree (CART) models and Sums-of-Products (SoP) models. The CART and SoP models show good performance results in predicting segment duration in English, while it is not the case in the SoP modelling of spoken Korean.

• 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회:학술대회논문집(한글 및 한국어 정보처리)
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• 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 2012년도 제24회 한글 및 한국어 정보처리 학술대회
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• pp.215-218
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 한국어 대화 처리를 위한 통계기반 음성언어이해 시스템에 대해 기술한다. 음성언어이해시스템은 대화처리에서 음성 인식된 문장으로부터 사용자의 의도를 인식하여 의미표현으로 표현하는 기능을 담당한다. 한국어의 특성을 반영한 실용적인 음성언어이해 시스템을 위해서 강건성과 적용성, 확장성 등이 요구된다. 이를 위해 본 시스템은 음성언어의 특성상 구조분석을 하지 않고, 마이닝 기법을 이용하여 사용자 의도 표현을 생성하는 방식을 취하고 있다. 또한 한국어에서 나타나는 특징들에 대한 처리를 위해 자질 추가 및 점규화 처리 등을 수행하였다. 정보서비스용 대화처리 시스템을 대상으로 개발되고 있고, 차량 정보서비스용 학습 코퍼스를 대상으로 실험을 하여 문장단위 정확률로 약 89%의 성능을 보이고 있다.