• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.494-506
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyse 3, 4, 5-year-old children's private speech according to their age and task characteristics (structured task vs. unstructured task). In order to achieve the goal, the main effect of age, characteristic of tasks and interaction effect were considered among age and characteristic of tasks on preschool children's private speech. The subjects were each 30 3, 4, 5-year-olds from preschool in Busan, South Korea. The structured task was puzzle task and the unstructured task was drawing task from TCT-DP. The data was analyzed by repeated measurement two way ANOVA: 3(age) ${\times}$ 2((characteristic of task). As a result, firstly, total private speech of 4-year-old was higher than 3-year-old, 5-year-old in both tasks, and total private speech of 5-year-old was higher than 3-year-old in both tasks. Secondly, the task-irrelevant private speech was not affected by main effect of age and characteristic of task and interaction effect between age and characteristic of task. Thirdly, the task-relevant private speech was received both main effects and interaction effects between age and characteristic of task. Finally, the external manifestation of inner speech were not received effect of age but received effect of characteristic of task, and received interaction effect between age and characteristic of task. The results of this study imply that characteristic of task is an important factor inducing children's private speech.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.102-105
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• 2007

This study was designed to examination effects of concurrent linguistic or cognitive tasks on speech rate. Eight normal speakers were repeated sentences either with or without simultaneous a linguistic task and a cognitive task. Linguistic task was conducted by generating verbs from nouns and cognitive task meaned performing mental arithmetic. Speech rate was measured from acoustic data. One-way ANOVA conducted to know speech rate difference among 3 different type of tasks. The results showed there was no significant difference between sentence repeat and linguistic tasks. But There was significant difference findings: sentence repeat and linguistic task, linguistic and cognitive task.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2024

A speech processing model based on a psycholinguistic approach can identify the specific speech processing deficits of children with speech sound disorders (SSDs) through various pathways. In most cases, the cause of the speech problem with SSD children is unknown, so it is important to identify the underlying strengths and weaknesses for individualized intervention. In addition, because the native language deficits can also affect foreign language production, it is necessary to examine speech processing abilities between the two languages. This study is a preliminary study to develop a Korean-English speech processing task system. Speech production task and speech processing task (DT, PRT, NRT) were conducted both in Korean and English on 10 children with SSD and 20 normal children (NSA). As a result, the SSD group showed significantly lower production ability than the NSA group in both languages. As a result of the speech processing task, there was no significant difference in the discrimination task (DT), while there was a significant difference between language types in the phonological representation task (PRT) and between language types and groups in the nonword repetition task (NRT). The results of this study confirmed that children's native language and foreign language processing skills may be different, and that the sub-tasks of speech processing system should be further subdivided.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of associative drawing task in a Korean bilingual aphasic. The subject is a 41-year old male and lived and was educated in the United States for over 25 years(from the age of 14 through 39). His former occupation was a psychiatrist. He has had a massive lesion in the occipital lobe. This study focused on improving his spontaneous language performances by associative drawing task. The associative drawing task along with spontaneous speech is to help the subject's cognition. The ten target words in this treatment were familiar words and could be drawn easily. The results were that the associative drawing task was effective on improving the patient's drawing ability-writing ability in English only-and naming performance both in English and Korean. However, the patient's writing ability in Korean did not show any improvement.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.1E
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• pp.57-63
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• 1997

In this paper, we investigated performance of a vocabulary-independent speech recognizer with speaker adaptation. The vocabulary-independent speech recognizer does not require task-oriented speech databases to estimate HMM parameters, but adapts the parameters recursively by using input speech and recognition results. The recognizer has the advantage that it relieves efforts to record the speech databases and can be easily adapted to a new task and a new speaker with different recognition vocabulary without losing recognition accuracies. Experimental results showed that the vocabulary-independent speech recognizer with supervised offline speaker adaptation reduced 40% of recognition errors when 80 words from the same vocabulary as test data were used as adaptation data. The recognizer with unsupervised online speaker adaptation reduced abut 43% of recognition errors. This performance is comparable to that of a speaker-independent speech recognizer trained by a task-oriented speech database.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.107-120
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• 2006

The main purpose of this study is to investigate whether Korean learners can use the vowel duration cue to distinguish voicing contrasts in word-final consonants in English. Given that the Korean group's performance on the auditory task was much better than their performance on the identification task or on the production task, we conclude that the AX discrimination task makes contact with a different layer of perception. In particular, the AX discrimination task can be done at the auditory or phonetic level, where differences in vowel length are still encoded in the representation. In contrast, the identification and production tasks are probing the mental representation of vowel length and voicing. It was also founded that Korean speakers stored neither vowel length nor voicing in memorized representations and did not internalize the lengthening of the preceding vowel as a rule to differentiate the voicing contrasts of final consonants, even though they were able to detect the acoustic differences in vowel duration provided that they were tested in an appropriate task.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.193-212
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• 2010

The purpose of our study was to provide effective speech evaluation items examining the variables of speech that successfully predict the speech intelligibility in CP children. The subjects were 55 children with spastic type cerebral palsy. As for the speech evaluation, we performed a speech subsystem evaluation and a speech intelligibility test. The results of the study are as follows. The evaluation task for the speech subsystems consisted of 48 task items within an observational evaluation stage and three levels of severity. The levels showed correlations with gross motor functions, fine motor functions, and age. Second, the evaluation items for the speech subsystems were rearranged into seven factors. Third, 34 out of 48 task items that positively correlated with the syllable intelligibility rating were as follows. There were four items in the observational evaluation stage. Among the nonverbal articulatory function evaluation items, there were 11 items in level one. There were 12 items in level two. In level three there were eight items. Fourth, there were 23 items among the 48 evaluation tasks that correlated with the sentence intelligibility rating. There was one item in the observational evaluation stage which was in the articulatory structure evaluation task. In level one there were six items. In level two, there were eight items. In level three, there was a total number of eight items. Fifth, there was a total number of 14 items that influenced the syllable intelligibility rating. Sixth, there was a total number of 13 items that influenced the syllable intelligibility rating. According to the results above, the variables that influenced the speech intelligibility of CP children among the articulatory function tasks were in the respiratory function task, phonatory function task, and lip and chin related tasks. We did not find any correlation for the tongue function. The results of our study could be applied to speech evaluation, setting therapy goals, and evaluating the degree of progression in children with CP. We only studied children with the spastic type of cerebral palsy, and there were a small number of severe degree CP children compared to those with a moderate degree of CP. Therefore, when evaluating children with other degrees of severity, we may have to take their characteristics more into account. Further study on speech evaluation variables in relation to the severity of the speech intelligibility and different types of cerebral palsy may be necessary.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.435-447
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• 1996

In this paper, we propose the method that extracts the speech feature using the hearing model through signal processing techniques. The proposed method includes the following procedure ; normalization of the short-time speech block by its maximum value, multi-resolution analysis using the discrete wavelet transformation and re-synthesize using the discrete inverse wavelet transformation, differentiation after analysis and synthesis, full wave rectification and integration. In order to verify the performance of the proposed speech feature in the speech recognition task, korean digit recognition experiments were carried out using both the DTW and the VQ-HMM. The results showed that, in the case of using DTW, the recognition rates were 99.79% and 90.33% for speaker-dependent and speaker-independent task respectively and, in the case of using VQ-HMM, the rate were 96.5% and 81.5% respectively. And it indicates that the proposed speech feature has the potential for use as a simple and efficient feature for recognition task

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.3-8
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• 2014

This paper deals with how mental fatigue has an effect on human voice. For this a monotonous task to increase the feeling of the fatigue and a set of subjective questionnaire for rating the fatigue were designed. From the experiments the designed task was proven to be monotonous based on the results of the questionnaire responses. To investigate a statistical relationship between speech features extracted from the collected speech data and fatigue, the T test for two-related-samples was used. Statistical analysis shows that speech parameters deeply related to the fatigue are the first formant bandwidth, Jitter, H1-H2, cepstral peak prominence, and harmonics-to-noise ratio. According to the experimental results, it can be seen that voice is changed to be breathy as mental fatigue proceeds.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

Speech is a spatiotemporally coordinated structure of constriction actions at discrete articulators such as lips, tongue tip, tongue body, velum, and glottis. Like other human movements (e.g., reaching), each action as a linguistic task is completed by a synergy of involved basic elements (e.g., bone, muscle, neural system). This paper discusses how speech tasks are dynamically related to joints as one of the basic elements in terms of robotics of speech production. Further this introduction of robotics to speech sciences will hopefully deepen our understanding of how speech is produced and provide a solid foundation to developing a physical talking machine.