• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.117-123
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• 1999

The prognosis and result of treatment are influenced by associated cerebral handicaps. 38 cerebral palsied children in rehabilitation center were analized and neuromotor type severity associated defects, and their correlation were studied. The results were follows: 1. neuromotor type distribution was 65.78% of spasticity, 21.05% of athetoid, 2.63% of Ataxia, Tremor, and Rigidity, 5.26% of mixed type. 2. Mean values of I.Q, S.Q and M.Q were 84.3, 63.0 and 26.6 respectively, and percentages of strabismus, speech disturbance, shoulder abnormality, spine abnormality and hip abnormality were 26.3%, 81.5%, 5.2%, 52.6% and 15.9% respectively. 3. Significant differences were noted between each group of mild, moderate, and severe in S. Q, M. Q, and spine abnormality and between moderate and severe group in speech disturbance.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.207-212
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• 1988

Maxillary defects are a result of necessary cancer surgery, congenital anomaly or trauma. Ideally the patient with the aquired maxillary defect should be provided with an obturator prosthesis that is comfortable, restores adequate speech, deglutition, and mastication, and is acceptable cosmetically. This is a case report of open type hollow obturator delivered in the partial maxillectomy treated patient. The satisfied result obtained as follows: The open type hollow obturator has the advantage of easy fabrication, lightness, easy cleaning and restores adquate speech.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.158-160
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• 2001

Ankyloglossia is the presence of a lingual frenulum, which can range from a mucous membrane band to a short and thick band and, in extreme cases, to fusion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. The effects of such a condition, in addition to speech defects and occasionally restriction of sucking, including dental deformities, such as open bite, or even prognathism. Treatment is surgical. The preferred treatment is horizontal sectioning of the frenulum down to the lingual septum and then suturing of the mucosa. The main problem after the healing of surgical wound is adhesion and contracture. Adhesion restrict the movement of tongue like tongue-tie. Z-plasty at the site of incision can solve this problem by changing the direction of scar. We have experienced a patient with ankyloglossia with speech defect, who underwent frenuloomy by Z-plasty. So we present a surgical treatment of Ankyloglossia using Z-plasty and discuss the treatment with a review of literature.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.129-131
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• 2009

Hearing loss is one of the most common birth defects among infants. Most hearing-impaired children are not diagnosed until one to three years of age, which is too late to treat for normal speech and language development. If a hearing impairment is identified and treated in its early stage, child's speech and language skills could be comparable to his or her normal-hearing peers. In this study, we applied the 'Fsp' method to distinguish between normal and impaired hearing. We have developed a battery-operated portable A - ABR(automated auditory brain stem response) system that automatically detects hearing impairment for neonates or infants in a nursery room, as well as in a sound-proof room. We partially validated the accuracy of the system in five normal-hearing adults.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a disorder that usually occurs in the elderly, leading to dementia in some progressive cases. The purpose of this study is to examine the utility of central auditory processing tests as early diagnostic tools for identifying the elderly with MCI. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 20 elderly patients with MCI and 20 healthy matched peers. The speech perception ability in a quiet environment and in the presence of background noise and also temporal resolution were assessed by using Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) and Gap in Noise (GIN) tests, respectively. Results: The results indicated that the ability to understand speech in a quiet environment did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, SPIN at the three signal-to-noise ratios and the temporal resolution scores were significantly different between the two groups (p<0.001). Conclusions: Individuals with MCI appear to have poorer speech comprehension in noise and a lower temporal resolution than those of the same age, but without cognitive defects. Considering the utility of these tests in identifying cognitive problems, we propose that since the GIN test seems to be less influenced by intervening factors, this test can therefore, be a useful tool for the early screening of elderly people with cognitive problems.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a disorder that usually occurs in the elderly, leading to dementia in some progressive cases. The purpose of this study is to examine the utility of central auditory processing tests as early diagnostic tools for identifying the elderly with MCI. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 20 elderly patients with MCI and 20 healthy matched peers. The speech perception ability in a quiet environment and in the presence of background noise and also temporal resolution were assessed by using Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) and Gap in Noise (GIN) tests, respectively. Results: The results indicated that the ability to understand speech in a quiet environment did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, SPIN at the three signal-to-noise ratios and the temporal resolution scores were significantly different between the two groups (p<0.001). Conclusions: Individuals with MCI appear to have poorer speech comprehension in noise and a lower temporal resolution than those of the same age, but without cognitive defects. Considering the utility of these tests in identifying cognitive problems, we propose that since the GIN test seems to be less influenced by intervening factors, this test can therefore, be a useful tool for the early screening of elderly people with cognitive problems.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.546-551
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• 2006

Purpose: The reconstruction of oropharyngeal defect after cancer surgery is very difficult because of their complicated structure and the functional importance to prevent velopharyngeal incompetence. In this article we investigated affecting factors of velopharyngeal function after reconstruction and a fundamental rule of reconstruction for saving their functions such as swallowing, speeching and breathing. Methods: We classified 18 patients into three group under Kimata's grouping. Type I defect(6 patients) was healed by primary closure or secondary intention. In Type II or III defect, two operation methods were used - the folded flap(8 patients) and modified Gehanno method(4 patients), which include a lateral-posterior pharyngeal rotation-advancement flap. We evaluated wound dehiscence between the flap and the soft palate, speech intelligibility using Hirose's method, regurgitation during oral feeding, and hypernasality. Results: Most of type I or II defects patients recovered satisfactory velopharyngeal function. But, in patients with type III defects we found wound dehiscence, worse speech function, and common velopharyngeal incompetence. Conclusion: The large defect size and presence of wound dehiscence are major factors of postoperative velopharyngeal function. We conclude that folded flap or modified Gehanno method is a good reconstructive operation method for broad contact between the flap and defect site, preventing wound problem.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.255-260
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• 2008

Purpose: Tongue cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity and the ultimate goal in treatment of the cancer is not only complete excision and meticulous closure of the wound, but also, reconstruction of a demensional and functional tongue. Our study focuses on various factors, such as defect size, extent of tumor, age, application of mandibulectomy or radiotherapy, and their influences on postoperative speech and swallowing function. Methods: Our study was based on 59 patients who underwent tongue cancer operation and reconstruction of the tongue. Speech and swallowing were evaluated according to categories documented by Sultan and Teichgraeber. Patients were classified into 3 groups as partial glossectomy, hemiglossectomy and total glossectomy groups for evaluation. The average age of the patients were 51, and the mean follow-up period was 4 years 2 months. Results: The partial glossectomy group showed statistically relevant results for speech articulation and swallowing abilities compared to the total glossectomy group. In cases of defects involving the mouth floor, the group showed decreased results compared to the group without mouth floor involvement. Increased age showed decreased postoperative results with statistical significance, while mandibulectomy and radiotherapy revealed no statistically significant data. Analysis according to TNM staging resulted in decreased functional result with advanced staging without statistical significance. Conclusion: To summarize the factors influencing the functional outcome in tongue reconstruction, younger patients and early stage cancer with minimal surgical extent revealed more satisfying results while mandibulectomy and radiation did not have influence on our analysis. Addition of various influencing factors and studies with longer follow up periods on our patient groups may provide effective data for more satisfying functional outcomes in the future.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.31-43
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• 2004

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is currently a popular research topic as a real time voice packet transmission method. But current Internet environment do not guarantee the quality of voice when we take a side view of delay, jitter and loss. Up to now, many voice based evaluation algorithms have been used to measure speech quality of VoIP systems. However, these algorithms have the defects that their results are different according to voice samples and some algorithms can not take network environment for speech transmission path. The E-model can be used to solve the problems of these algorithms. In this paper. we introduce VoIP planning guidelines through the various analysis of E-model which can model impairments of network quality as well as VoIP equipment quality systematically, We, also, show the evaluation method and results of speech transmission quality.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.1019-1025
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• 2006

Motor delay, when present, is usually the first concern brought by the parents of children with developmental delay. Cerebral palsy that is the most common motor delay, is a nonspecific, descriptive term pertaining to disordered motor function that is evident in early infancy and is characterized by changes in muscle tone, muscle weakness, involuntary movements, ataxia, or a combination of these abnormalities. A wide range of causative disorders and risk factors have been identified for cerebral palsy, and broadly classified into 5 groups; perinatal brain injury, brain injury related to prematurity, developmental abnormalities, prenatal risk factors, and postnatal brain injury. Delay in attaining developmental milestones is the most distinctive presenting complaint in children with cerebral palsy. A detailed history and thorough physical and neurologic examinations are crucial in the diagnostic process. The clinician should be cautious about diagnostic pronouncement unless the findings are unequivocal. Several serial examinations and history review are necessary. All children with cerebral palsy should undergo a neuroimaging study, preferably MRI, because an abnormality is documented on head MRI(89%) and CT(77%). The high incidence rates for mental retardation, epilepsy, ophthalmologic defects, speech and language disorders and hearing impairment make it imperative that all children with cerebral palsy be screened for mental retardation, ophthalmologic and hearing impairments, and speech and language disorders; nutrition, growth, and swallowing also should be closely monitored.