• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.220-222
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• 2004

The IEC standards related to the Technical Regulation in Korea Electricity Business Act are classified into the standards/guides for electrical system and the specifications for electrical equipment/materials. IEC Standard 60364 "Electrical Installations of Buildings" and IEC Standard 61936 "Power Installations Exceeding 1 kV AC" prepared by IEC Technical Committee(TC) 64 and TC 99 respectively, are representative standards for electrical installations of buildings, substations, industrial plants, etc.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.226-239
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify the problems related to the purchasing processes of school foodservices that should be corrected for the food service safety, by examining the purchasing processes and the status of supplier selection. A questionnaire was given to 300 dietitians working at self-operated food services. Ninety-eight responses, excluding incomplete answers, were used for the statistical analysis. The survey consisted of three parts: the general characteristics of the school foodservice and dietitian, purchasing processes and supplier selection, and the purchase specifications. We found that 84% of the contract was made by informal purchasing, and the contract period was 6 months or one year. For supplier selection, problems related to the document screening systems were the superficiality of the content(45.7%) and the absence or lack of clarity of the appraisal criteria(34.8%). The important factors for the facility and equipment standards of suppliers were included unclear evaluation methods for content(41.1%) and inappropriate appraisal lists(21.1%), while unclear evaluation methods for content(41.9%) and absence or lack of clarity of the appraisal criteria(20.4%) were the problems pertaining to the supplier evaluation checklist. When using the Food Labeling Standards to select suppliers, confirmation of the sell-by date and the storage method had the highest score at 3.85 out of 5. For supplier selection, only 25% of the contract was made by using the purchase specifications. The levels of satisfaction of with Kimchi and rice cakes suppliers were significantly different according to employment type and educational background, respectively. Depending on working experiences, satisfaction was significantly different for the use of document screening, as a standard for the selection and management of suppliers, and for the facility and equipment standards of suppliers, The use of purchase specifications was different by employment type, while the use of purchase specifications for contracts was different by working experience. These results imply that the specialization of suppliers is necessary to unsure food safety. Therefore, the objective methods to evaluate the suppliers should be developed by the government, and appropriate education programs for dietitians should be prepared to enhance the utilization of purchase specifications.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.5-21
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• 2006

Traditional standards and specifications for concrete have largely been prescriptive, (or prescription-based), and can sometimes hinder innovation and in particular the use of more environmentally friendly concretes by requiring minimum cement contents and SCM replacement levels. In December 2004, the Canadian CSA A23.1-04 standard was issued which made provisions (a) for high-volume SCM concretes, (b) added new performance requirements for concrete, and (c) clearly outlined the requirements and responsibilities for use in performance-based concrete specifications. Also, in December 2003, the CSA A3000 Hydraulic Cement standard was revised. It (a) reclassified the types of cements based on performance requirements, with both Portland and blended cements meeting the same physical requirements, (b) allows the use of performance testing for assessing sulphate resistance of cementitious materials combinations, (c) includes an Annex D, which allows performance testing of new or non-traditional supplementary cementing materials. From a review of international concrete standards, it was found that one of the main concerns with performance specifications has been the lack of tests, or lack of confidence in existing tests, for judging all relevant performance concerns. Of currently used or available test methods for both fresh, hardened physical, and durability properties, it was found that although there may be no ideal testing solutions, there are a number of practical and useful tests available. Some of these were adopted in CSA A23.1-04, and it is likely that new performance tests will be added in future revisions. Other concerns with performance standards are the different perspectives on the point of testing for performance. Some concrete suppliers may prefer processes for both pre-qualifying the plant, and specific mixtures, followed only with testing only 'end-of-chute' fresh properties on-site. However, owners want to know the in-place performance of the concrete, especially with high-volume SCM concretes where placing and curing are important. Also, the contractor must be aware of, and share the responsibility for handling, constructability, curing, and scheduling issues that influence the in-place concrete properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 2001

This paper addresses legislation status of air route design standard of Korea. Korea Ministry of Construction and Transportation's Order Number 300 (March 28, 2001) prescribes that firstly, the design of air routes in Korea should be in accord with International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)'s recommendations published in Annex 11: Air Traffic Service and Procedures for Air Navigation Services: Aircraft Operations (ICAO Doc 8168-OPS, 1986), and secondly, United States Federal Aviation Administration(FAA)'s Terminal Instrument Procedures (FAA, 1976). An investigation on the current air route specifications of Korea reveals that they are in accord with neither ICAO's recommendations nor FAA's standards in that the width of Korea's air routes are narrower that the international recommendations and standards. As a member state of ICAO, it is imperative for Korea to follow the international standards. In that purposes, Korea should legislate and regulate the detail standard for air route design. For the legislation, FAA regulations are to be followed because FAA rules contains more detail specifications while ICAO recommendations includes allows a range of policy decisions, which may result in a confusion in practice.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.112-121
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• 2001

From the beginning of 1990s, the leading countries, especially United States, are trying to develop dual-use technology which can be used for both military and commercial purpose, and to improve the efficiency of management system in logistics and procurements. Considering the global trends, Department of Defence has been seeking for solutions as to how to reform military specifications, and launched specification unification projects. As a result of the project, a series of dual-use standards for hardwares are being developed in the form of Korea Industrial Standards(KS standards). However, there are many of foreign standards, which are not readily interpretable by users, referenced in the standards. In this study, needs for the conversion of referenced foreign standards to KS standards are reviewed and the appropriate approaches as to the conversion are suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.56-62
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• 2003

In order to actively cope with international changes such as cessation of the Cold War in the twentieth century, the government has been proceeding the unification project between military and commercial specification leading to cost reduction of military supplies as well as to high effectiveness. Among these efforts, the study on raw materials specifications, which seems to have been widely used for military or commercial fields, has been performed. As the result of these studies, we have reformed military standards through surveying and summarizing military, KS and international specifications on raw materials. Consequently, the reduction of costs for the procurement of military supplies and the maintenance of current military specifications is to be expected.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.465-470
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• 2001

Three-sided concrete culverts can be used to replace short span bridges and multiple sections(barrels) of four-sided concrete box culverts. ASTM Standards do not specify designs for four-sided concrete box culverts with span lengths exceeding 3.6m(12ft) nor do they discuss the three-sided concrete culverts. This paper describes the analysis and design of three-sided flat-top Precast reinforced concrete culverts with span length or 4m(14ft). Both AASHTO and Korean specifications were used to compare the main reinforcing steel. It is shown that the related provisions of Korean specifications result in more conservative design than those of AASHTO specifications.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2001

In order to actively cope with international changes such as cessation of the Cold War in the twentieth century, the government has been proceeding the unification project between military and commercial specification leading to cost reduction of military supplies as well as to high effectiveness. Among these efforts, the study on raw materials specifications, which seems to have been widely used for military or commercial fields, has been performed. As the result of these studies, we have reformed military standards through surveying and summarizing military, KS and international specifications on raw materials. Consequently, the reduction of costs for the procurement of military supplies and the maintenance of current military specifications is to be expected.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.144-152
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• 2013

PRT(Personal Rapid Transit) system is a new transportation system which will meet increasing demands of traffic in Korea. It is also an environment-friendly transportation and automatically operated. For these reasons, researches on the PRT system are actively undergoing, but the PRT vehicles have different forms of subway, bus, etc. There are no design standards to evaluate structural integrity, yet. In this paper, Structural design specifications are derived, which are based on the performance test standard for EMU and the ASCE-APM standards. We also perform the static and fatigue analyses by FE simulation and suggest strategies to improve an initial structure design. In addition, we derived the design specifications for energy-absorbing structures to meet the conditions of the collision scenarios predefined from a view point of operation safety.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1597-1602
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• 2011

To understand current status for the utilization of Korean military specifications(KDS) and other standards/specifications in munitions companies, we have surveyed 150 companies mainly related with electrical and electronic industry. Most of the companies have expected that the harmonization of KDS and KS would bring a positive effect on their business, especially from the point of quality control, productivity increase, the reduction of expenditure for standard management and so on. This survey result will help to build more user-friendly management system for KDS as well as KS.