• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.240-247
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop a method to evaluate solubility parameter interactions of cosmetic ingredients in formulations. This experimentation relates to the fabrication of new multi-layer cleansing oil which can remove make-up products such as lipstick, foundation, mascara, eye shadow, etc., and also can wash away dirt and sebum from the skin just in one stage process. Solubility parameter and specific gravity of various cosmetic ingredients are measured to explain the cleanliness of interface, detergency of make-up cosmetics on the skin surface. The results suggest that it is possible for cosmetic chemists to use solubility parameter of cosmetic materials for fabrication of new formulation of 3-layer cleansing oil.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.83-104
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• 1997

This paper studies parameter estimation for a first-order hyperbolic integro-differential equation modelling one-sex population dynamics. A second-order finite difference scheme is used to estimate parameters such as the age-specific death-rate and the age-specific fertility from fully discrete observations on the population. The function space parameter estimation convergence of this scheme is proved. Also, numerical simulations are performed.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.65-73
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• 2015

PURPOSES : This study tries to develop the accident models of 4-legged signalized intersections in Busan Metropolitan city with random parameter in count model to understanding the factors mainly influencing on accident frequencies. METHODS : To develop the traffic accidents modeling, this study uses RP(random parameter) negative binomial model which enables to take account of heterogeneity in data. By using RP model, each intersection's specific geometry characteristics were considered. RESULTS : By comparing the both FP(fixed parameter) and RP modeling, it was confirmed the RP model has a little higher explanation power than the FP model. Out of 17 statistically significant variables, 4 variables including traffic volumes on minor roads, pedestrian crossing on major roads, and distance of pedestrian crossing on major/minor roads are derived as having random parameters. In addition, the marginal effect and elasticity of variables are analyzed to understand the variables'impact on the likelihood of accident occurrences. CONCLUSIONS : This study shows that the uses of RP is better fitted to the accident data since each observations'specific characteristics could be considered. Thus, the methods which could consider the heterogeneity of data is recommended to analyze the relationship between accidents and affecting factors(for example, traffic safety facilities or geometrics in signalized 4-legged intersections).

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.133-142
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• 2014

PURPOSES : The objective was to develop the advanced method which could not explain each observation's specific characteristic in the present negative binomial method that results in under-estimation of the standard error(t-value inflation) and affects the confidence of whole derived results. METHODS : This study dealt with traffic accidents occurring within interchange segment on highway main line with RPNB(Random Parameter Negative Binomial) method that enables to take account of heterogeneity. RESULTS : As a result, AADT and lighting installation type on the road were revealed to have random parameter and in terms of other geometric variables, all were derived as fixed parameter(same effect on every segment). Also, marginal effects were adapted to analyze the relative effects on traffic accidents. CONCLUSIONS : This study proves that RPNB method which considers each observation's specific characteristics is better fitted to the accident data with geometrics. Thus, it is recommended that RPNB model or other methods which could consider the heterogeneity needs to be adapted in accident analysis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.645-650
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• 2001

A study was carried out to establish the detection method for irradiated cereals. Cereals were ground and irradiated at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, 15 kGy using a $Co^{60}$ irradiator. The viscosities decreased in all samples by increasing irradiation dose. The viscosity of the Panicum millaceum (Korean) and Andropogon sorghum (Korean) paste dropped from $143.38{\pm}0.44$ and $35.92{\pm}1.90$ in the control to $6.60{\pm}1.16$ and $3.86{\pm}0.32$, respectively, in the samples irradiated at 15 kGy. These trends were similar to samples from china. Regression equation and coefficients of viscosity of Panicum millaceum (Korean and China) and Andropogon sorghum (Korean and China) were 0.80 (y=-27.789x＋150.17), 0.98 (y=-3.367x＋88.93), 0.84 (y=-6.0466x＋35.49) and 0.84 (y=-13.346x＋101.67) at 50 rpm. All samples resulted in a decrease in specific parameter by increasing rpm after irradiation. Parameter values showed dose-dependent relationship between unirradiated and irradiated samples and indicated that all values of unirradiated samples were higher than the irradiated ones. These results suggest that the detection of irradiated cereals at various doses using viscometric methods is possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1082-1087
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• 2001

A study was carried out to establish the detection method for irradiated cereals. Starchs were ground and irradiated at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 and 15 kGy using a Co-60 irradiator. The viscosities decreased in all samples by increasing irradiation dose. The viscosity of the potato, corn and sweet potato from Korea dropped from 35.00$\pm$ 0.34, 11.86$\pm$0.86 and 14.02$\pm$0.62 in the control to 11.38$\pm$0.92, 2.98$\pm$0.80 and 2.74$\pm$0.80, respectively, in the samples irradiated at 15 kGy. These trends were similar to samples from China. Regression expression and coefficients of viscosity of potato, corn and sweet potato starch from Korea were 0.97 (y=-4.6197x+38.284), 0.88 (y=-1.5146x+12.023) and 0.88 (y=-1.5146x+12.023), respectively, those of viscosity of starches from China were 0.69 (y=-28.849x+152.25), 0.81 (y=-3.38x+20.56) and 0.88 (y=-2.668x+18.505) at 50 rpm. All samples resulted in a decrease in specific parameter by increasing rpm after irradiation. Parameter values showed dose-dependent relationship between unirradiated and irradiated samples and indicated that all values of unirradiated samples were higher than the those of irradiated ones. These results suggest that the detection of irradiated potato, corn and sweet potato starch at various irradiation doses is possible by the viscometric method.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.240-245
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• 2010

Brown rice of Korea and China was irradiated at doses ranging from 0 to 15 kGy to verify the identification properties of viscosity measurement by determining the relationship between starch content and specific parameters. The starch contents of brown rice were 71.52 and 64.58% for rice of Korea and China, respectively. Additionally, a higher starch content was associated with a higher viscosity. The viscosity and the corresponding specific parameters decreased significantly as the irradiation dose increased, and these changes were influenced by the spindle speed (50, 150, 300 rpm), with a higher effect being observed at lower speeds. The determination coefficients ($R^2$) describing the relationship between irradiation dose and viscosity values ranged from 0.9423 to 0.9567 in Korean samples and from 0.9119 to 0.9387 in Chinese samples. The viscosity and the corresponding specific parameters enabled identification of the non-irradiated and irradiated brown rice from 30 unknown samples with an accuracy of 90%. Based on these findings, the viscosity and specific parameters can be applied as an additional tool for screening of irradiated brown rice.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.1029-1032
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• 1999

Muscle based face image synthesis is one of the most realistic approach to realize life-like agent in computer. Facial muscle model is composed of facial tissue elements and muscles. In this model, forces are calculated effecting facial tissue element by contraction of each muscle strength, so the combination of each muscle parameter decide a specific facial expression. Now each muscle parameter is decided on trial and error procedure comparing the sample photograph and generated image using our Muscle-Editor to generate a specific face image. In this paper, we propose the strategy of automatic estimation of facial muscle parameters from 2D marker movement using neural network. This also 3D motion estimation from 2D point or flow information in captered image under restriction of physics based face model.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.710-721
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• 1999

In this paper, we have designed and implemented a parameter extraction system for analyzing Internet using SNMP. The extraction system has two modules; one is collection request module, and the other is analysis request module. The collection request module generates a polling script, which is used to collect management information from the managed system periodically. With this collected data, analysis request module extracts analysis parameters. These parameters are traffic flow analysis, interface traffic analysis, packet traffic analysis, and management traffic analysis parameter. For management activity, we have introduced two-step-analysis-view. One is Summary-View, which is used find out malfunction of a system among the entire managed systems. The Other is Specific-View. With this view we can analyze the specific system with all our analysis parameters. To show available data as indicators for line capacity planning, network redesigning decision making of performance upgrade for a network device and things like that.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.179-184
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• 1994

In this study a nondimensional parameter, feed/land length(F/L) was introduced, and using this parameter, cutting performance and chip breaking characteristics of the groove and the land angle type chip formers were assessed. Specific cutting energy consumed and shape of broken chip with its breaking cycle time were appraised to find out the ranges of F/L value where efficient cutting and effective chip breaking could be achieved. C type chip was found out to be the most preferable in terms of cutting efficiency.