• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 1987

In order to observe the feasibility of serologic diagnosis of metagonimiasis, saline extracts of metacercariae and 4-week old adults were prepared. Sera from 25 experimentally infected cats were collected from 3 days to 12 weeks after infection. Their levels of specific IgG antibody were measured by ELISA together with 3 sera from non-infected cats. Specific IgG antibody levels began to rise in 7 days after infection, reached their peak in 2-4 weeks and made a plateau thereafter. Cats infected with hundreds of adult worms showed minimal rise of the antibody level. Adult antigen was superior to metacercarial antigen in detecting the specific IgG antibody.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.245-252
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• 1999

Purpose : The aim of this study is to determine the age-specific seropositivity and the level of measles specific IgG in adults and to evaluate herd immunity to measles in Korea, the measles specific IgG were measured from the sera of adults over ages of 20 in Korea. Methods : 156 sera were collected from 156 out-patients over ages 20, who had visited clinical laboratory from June to July in 1997 at Korea University Ansan Hospital. The histories of natural measles or vaccination were not undertaken. Measles specific IgG titers were measured using ELISA method($SIA^{TM}$ Measles IgG Kit Co. St. Louis. Mo). Results : The results obtained from this study were as follows. 1) The seropositivity of measles specific IgG in adults was 94.9%. And there were no significant differences in their age and gender. 2) The mean measles-specific IgG titer was $238{\pm}84AU/mL$. And there were no significant differences in age and gender, except significant lower in 4th decades than other age groups. And there were no significant correlations between age and measles specific IgG level. Conclusion : In conclusion, a seropositivity of in adults was 94.9% which was higher than that of adolescents(91.2% in previous study), and antibody level was similar with adolescents. The herd immunity of the adults were considered to enough for protecting the transmission of measles in the community. For the eradication of measles in Korea, more efforts will be required to increase the vaccine coverage rate in children and adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.199-205
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• 2013

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a causative agent for a number of extra intestinal diseases and account for significant losses to the poultry industry. Since protective immunity against APEC is largely directed to virulence antigens, we have individually expressed four different viulence antigens, papA, papG, IutA, and CS31A, using an attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium and a plasmid pBB244. Following oral immunization of mice with combination of two or four of these strains, serum IgG and mucosal IgA responses were elicited against each antigen represented in the mixture. The antigen-specific mucosal IgA responses were significantly higher in the group of mice immunized with the heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) strain than those in the group of mice immunized without the LTB strain. While, there was no significant difference between these two groups in antigen-specific serum IgG responses. The results showed that LTB could act as mucosal immune adjuvant. To assess the nature of immunity, the distribution of antigen-specific IgG isotypes was analyzed. All groups promoted Th1-type immunity as determined by the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. Thus, our findings provided evidence that immunization with a combination of several vaccine strains is one of the strategies of developing effective vaccines against APEC.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2012

The present study evaluated the potential use of immunoglobulin prepared from egg yolk of chickens immunized with Escherichia coli K88 (IgY-Ec) in the control of E. coli K88 infection in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage. The binding activity of IgY-Ec against E. coli K88 surface protein was more specific and increased than control IgY. In infection assay of E. coli in macrophage, the specific IgY-Ec to E. coli K88 remarkably inhibited the phagocytic activity comparing to nonspecific IgY (p<0.001). In adherence assay, bacterial adhesion on macrophage cells was definitely reduced by preincubation of IgY-Ec compared with nonspecific IgY (p<0.05). These findings suggested that IgY-Ec have the protective effects against pathogens and IgY-based diets may have potential benefits for preventing or treating various infections in domestic animals.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.302-309
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• 2003

Background: CTLA4 (CD152), which is expressed on the surface of T cells following activation, has a much higher affinity for B7 molecules comparing to CD28, and is a negative regulator of T cell activation. In contrast to stimulating and agonistic capabilities of monoclonal antibodies specific to CTLA-4, CTLA4Ig fusion protein appears to act as CD28 antagonist and inhibits in vitro and in vivo T cell priming in variety of immunological conditions. We've set out to confirm whether inhibition of the CD28-B7 costimulatory response using a soluble form of human CTLA4Ig fusion protein would lead to persistent inhibition of alloreactive T cell activation. Methods: We have used CHO-$dhfr^-$ cell-line to produce CTLA4Ig fusion protein. After serum free culture of transfected cell line we purified this recombinant molecule by using protein A column. To confirm characterization of fusion protein, we carried out a series of Western blot, SDS-PAGE and silver staining analyses. We have also investigated the efficacy of CTLA4Ig in vitro such as mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) & cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and in vivo such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), graft versus host disease (GVHD) and skin-graft whether this fusion protein could inhibit alloreactive T cell activation and lead to immunosuppression of activated T cell. Results: In vitro assay, CTLA4Ig fusion protein inhibited immune response in T cell-specific manner: 1) Human CTLA4Ig inhibited allogeneic stimulation in murine MLR; 2) CTLA4Ig prevented the specific killing activity of CTL. In vivo assay, human CTLA4Ig revealed the capacities to induce alloantigen-specific hyporesponsiveness in mouse model: 1) GVHD was efficiently blocked by dose-dependent manner; 2) Clinical score of EAE was significantly decreased compared to nomal control; 3) The time of skin-graft rejection was not different between CTLA4Ig treated and control group. Conclusion: Human CTLA4Ig suppress the T cell-mediated immune response and efficiently inhibit the EAE, GVHD in mouse model. The mechanism of T cell suppression by human CTLA4Ig fusion protein may be originated from the suppression of activity of cytotoxic T cell. Human CTLA4Ig could not suppress the rejection in mouse skin-graft, this finding suggests that other mechanism except the suppression of cytotoxic T cell may exist on the suppression of graft rejection.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.1 s.32
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• pp.16-26
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• 2007

Background &Objectives : Rhinitis is an inflammation of nasal mucosa and the major symtoms are watery rhinorrhea, sneezing, itchy nose, and nasal obstruction. Rhinitis is classified into allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis is an immune reaction by allergen, and vasomotor rhinitis which is nonallergic and noninfectious is hypersensitive reaction. The incidence of allergic rhinitis has increased and the rate of vasomotor rhinitis is high. However there have been no studies about vasomotor rhinitis compared with allergic rhinitis. And there have been no studies so far performed on the effect of Tongkwansan. Therefore this study is aimed to find out the effects of Tongkwansan on allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis. Materials and Methods : Fifteen BALC/c mouses were divided into three groups : normal group, control group and sample group. To induce the allergic rhinitis in control group and sample group, mouses were sensitized intrapertioneally 0.1% ovalbumin solution three times at intervals of 1 week. Then intranasal sensitization was performed by diffusing 0.1 % ovalbumin solution 3 times at intervals of 2 days. After that time, mouses in the sample group were oral administration treated by Tongkwansan for 28 days. We observed changes in the segment of IL-4, IL-5, $IFN-{\gamma}$, Total IgE, and ovalvumin specific IgE in blood. We used the statistical methods of ANOVA test(p<0.05). Results : There were no significant changes statistically in $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4, and IL-5 in blood(p<0.05). There were also no significant changes statistically in Total IgE, OVA-specific IgE in blood(p<0.05). Conclusion : According to above results, it is supposed that Tongkwansan has no significant effects on allergic rhinitis. But it is supposed that Tongkwansan has significant effects on vasomotor rhinitis which is nonallergic and noninfectious

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1029-1034
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• 1998

Chick antibodies (IgY) raised against Streptococcus mutans (serotype c) were separated from egg yolk and their properties were investigated. The purity of IgY extracts prepared by the method of ${\lambda}-carrageenan$, $gammaYolk^{TM}$, and $EGGstract^{TM}$ was 20%, 46%, and 48%, respectively, and the yields of IgY extracts from a gram yolk were 11. 3 mg, 1.7 mg, and 1.8mg, respectively. Quantitative immunoprecipitation test showed that specific IgY content of crude IgY prepared by ${\lambda}-carrageenan$ method was 12.2%, which means that 0.85 g of crude IgY from an egg yolk (15 g) contains about 100 mg of specific IgY. When the reactivity of the specific IgY towards 3 caries-inducing strains (serotype: b, c, f) was examined, the strains cultured in sucrose-added medium showed higher reactivity (the orders were c(+), f(+), b(+)) than those cultured in sucrose-free medium. Heat and pH stability of specific IgY was good, for crude IgY contained 50% of antibody activity after heat treatment at $70^{\circ}C$ for 5 min and they were stable at pH $4{\sim}8$.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1986

To evaluate the immature eggs of Paragonimus westermani as a source of diagnostic antigen, about a million eggs which were excreted by 104 adult worms were collected; their saline extract(soluble egg antigen; PwSEA) was prepared. The specific IgG and IgM antibody levels were observed in experimental dog paragonimiasis by micro ESISA, using PwSEA as well as whole worm extract of 12 week-old P. westermani(PwWWE). The protein composition of the PwSEA was observed by disc-PAGE. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. Specific IgG antibody to PwSEA begant to increase on 8 weeks after the experimental infection; it maintained its high level until the observation period of 13 weeks. The levels of IgM antibody to PwSEA however, did not show any significant change. 2. Specific IgG antibody to PwWWE began to increase earlier from 2 weeks after the infection and continued to increase until the observation period of 13 weeks. Its level was much higher than that to PwSEA. Specific IgM antibody to PwWWE increased temporarily during 2-8 weeks after the infection. 3. By disc-PAGE, PwSEA showed 2 protein bands of very low motility. The bands of PwSEA corresponded to the frist and second bands in the electrophoretic pattern of PwWWE of the 12 week-old worms. The above results indicated that the PwSEA induced antibody production in dog paragonimiasis, but its antigenicity was weaker than PwWWE to be used as a diagnostic antigen.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1983

21명의 간흡충 감염환자 및 15명의 건강인으로부터 혈청을 수집하여 혈청내 IgE와 간흡충에 대한 특이 IgE 항체를 RIST와 RAST법을 이용하여 측정하였다. 간흡충 감염환자 및 건강인의 혈청 IgE와 특이 IgE는 각각 2,372 lU/ml과 364IU/ml 그리고 52.0%와 4.4%로 간흡충 감염자에서 모두 유의하게 상승되어 있었으며 (p<0.001 및 p<0.01), 혈청 IgE의 상승과 특이 IgE의 상승은 상호 밀접한 관계가 있었고(r=0.9451), 혈청 IgE와 EPG(r=0.6056), 특이 IgE와 EPG(r=0.5693) 역시 상관 관계가 있었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 간흡충 감염은 인체 혈청내 IgE 및 특이 IgE항체를 상승시키며, IgE 및 간흡충에 대한 특이 IgK는 숙주-기생충간의 면역반응에 관여할 것으로 생각된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 1988

To determine the source of Cysticercus·specIfic IgG antibody in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF), paired samples of serum and CSF were collected from confirmed neurocysticercosis, other neurologic diseases and normal control. The antibody levels in serum and CSF were measured by ensyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With the measurement of total protein, albumin and IgG concentration in serum and CSF, the contribution of IgG in CSF were calculated in transudation, exudation and intracranial synthesis using the formula of Tourtellotte and Ma (1978). Mean concentrations of total protein, albumin, IgG and proportional IgG levels in CSF by transudation, exudation and intracranial synthesis were elevated in neurocysticercosis. But only the intracranial synthesis of IgG showed a statistically significant correlation with the specific IgG antibody levels in CSF. In CSF from lateral ventricle in the 4th ventricular neurocysticercosis, the protein concentrations were normal and the specific antibody levels were negative. However, in consecutively secured lumbar CSF from the same patients, the former were increased and the latter were positive. These results indicated that, in neurocysticercosis, the specific IgG antibody in CSF was a local product of intracranial synthesis.