• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2017

Objective: Robot assisted gait training is implemented as part of therapy for the recovery of gait patterns in recent clinical fields, and the scope of implications are continuously increasing. However clear therapy protocols of robot assisted gait training are insufficent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of robot-assisted gait training applied with guidance force on balance and gait performance in persons with hemiparetic stroke. Design: Two group pre-test post-test design. Methods: Nineteen persons were diagnosed with hemiparesis following stroke participated in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to the unilateral guidance group or bilateral guidance group to conduct robot-assisted gait training. All participants underwent robot-assisted gait training for twelve sessions (30 min/d, 3 d/wk for 4 weeks). They were assessed with gait parameters (gait velocity, cadence, step length, stance phase, and swing phase) using Optogait. This study also measured the dynamic gait index (DGI), the Berg balance scale (BBS) score, and timed up and go (TUG). Results: After training, BBS scores were was significantly increased in the bilateral training group than in the unilateral guidance group (p<0.05). Spatiotemporal parameters were significantly changed in the bilateral training group (gait speed, swing phase ratio, and stance phase ratio) compared to the unilateral training group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that robot-assisted gait training show feasibility in facilitating improvements in balance and gait performance for subacute hemiparetic stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2017

Calcium has versatile roles in diverse physiological functions. Among these functions, intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ plays a key role during the secretion of salivary glands. In this review, we introduce the diverse cellular components involved in the saliva secretion and related dynamic intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ signals. Calcium acts as a critical second messenger for channel activation, protein translocation, and volume regulation, which are essential events for achieving the salivary secretion. In the secretory process, $Ca^{2+}$ activates $K^+$ and $Cl^-$ channels to transport water and electrolyte constituting whole saliva. We also focus on the $Ca^{2+}$ signals from intracellular stores with discussion about detailed molecular mechanism underlying the generation of characteristic $Ca^{2+}$ patterns. In particular, inositol triphosphate signal is a main trigger for inducing $Ca^{2+}$ signals required for the salivary gland functions. The biphasic response of inositol triphosphate receptor and $Ca^{2+}$ pumps generate a self-limiting pattern of $Ca^{2+}$ efflux, resulting in $Ca^{2+}$ oscillations. The regenerative $Ca^{2+}$ oscillations have been detected in salivary gland cells, but the exact mechanism and function of the signals need to be elucidated. In future, we expect that further investigations will be performed toward better understanding of the spatiotemporal role of $Ca^{2+}$ signals in regulating salivary secretion.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

This study analyzed the spatio-temporal change pattern of greenhouse areas for Sangnam-myeon and Samrangjin-eup of Miryang-si in Gyeongnam, which is one of major greenhouse area. First, in order to overcome the lack of statistical data of the distribution of greenhouses, aerial and satellite images were interpreted from 1987 to 2018, and the spatial distribution of the greenhouse parcels which has continuously increased was mapped based on the digital cadastral map. Next, through the emerging hot spot tool in ArcGIS Desktop, the spatio-temporal change in transition from open-field to greenhouse cultivation was classified into 9 clusters. About 67.7% of the target area was categorized as a hot spot, and the pattern of New hot spot, which were recently converted to greenhouse parcels, covered about 34.1%. While, about 11.3% of parcels were expected to keep the existing open-field cultivation practice for a while. Overall, the greenhouse parcels have been densely developed along a river and were lately expanding even to the far neighbor. It implied that, in the future, the competition of water intake among farms would be more serious and the environmental responsibility in consideration of water quality as well as quantity would be getting strengthened due to increasing pollution loads and river intake.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2019

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and its receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3, are responsible for lymphangiogenesis in both embryos and adults. In epilepsy, the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was significantly upregulated in the human brains affected with temporal lobe epilepsy. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of VEGF receptors after acute seizures could suppress the generation of spontaneous recurrent seizures, suggesting a critical role of VEGF-related signaling in epilepsy. Therefore, in the present study, the spatiotemporal expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 against pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) was investigated in C57BL/6N mice using immunohistochemistry. At 1 day after SE, hippocampal astrocytes and microglia were activated. Pyramidal neuronal death was observed at 4 days after SE. In the subpyramidal zone, VEGF-C expression gradually increased and peaked at 7 days after SE, while VEGFR-3 was significantly upregulated at 4 days after SE and began to decrease at 7 days after SE. Most VEGF-C/VEGFR-3-expressing cells were pyramidal neurons, but VEGF-C was also observed in some astrocytes in sham-manipulated animals. However, at 4 days and 7 days after SE, both VEGFR-3 and VEGF-C immunoreactivities were observed mainly in astrocytes and in some microglia of the stratum radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampus, respectively. These data indicate that VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 can be upregulated in hippocampal astrocytes and microglia after pilocarpine-induced SE, providing basic information about VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression patterns following acute seizures.

• 한국수처리학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2018

The purpose of this reaserch is to analyze the charateristics of water quality in space through the operation of ARA River in Artificial Rivers of the Brackish Water Zone. The spatial distribution measured water temperature and salt levels for the surface, middle and deep layers by dividing the four areas of Incheon, Sicheon, Gyeyang and Gimpo. Water temperature did not vary much by water depth and branch, and its purpose is to maintain stable water environment through correlation analysis and operation. To examine the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of the Arachon, we measured DO on the Incheon branch, Sicheon, Gyeyang and Gimpo branch twice a month, and on the surface, the temperature level, The water temperature did not vary much by depth and location, and the water temperature in January and March tended to rise from Incheon to Gimpo, with the average difference of 1.1 degrees during the same period. The salinity difference between Incheon and Gimpo sites was 3.3 psu deep and 5.4 psu deep. In particular, floodgates from July to September are found to be less than 10psu overall, which is considered to be a gas due to the effects of floods and the inflow of Gulpo Stream. D.O. is located in some areas due to summer rains. The hypoxic layer has been identified.Analysis of seasonal data shows that water temperature and DO are strongly correlated in autumn. It was found that the water temperature and salt levels in the fall showed a weak correlation.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.183-201
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• 2022

주택가격을 정확히 추정하기 위한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 선행연구들은 주택의 고유 특성과 인근 지역 특성을 통제하는 계량경제모형을 활용한 분석이 많았다. 본 연구에서는 인공신경망 모형(ANN)을 활용하여 주택가격을 추정하였다. 딥러닝 기술의 장점은 변수 간의 복잡하고 비선형적인 특성을 모델링하고 데이터의 패턴을 인식할 수 있다는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 부동산 시장에서 공간적 분포도 패턴으로 인식할 수 있다는 가정하에 지리좌표를 설명변수로 ANN에 투입하였다. 선형회귀분석과 ANN 모형 간 비교 결과, 선형 모형 대비 ANN 모형의 설명력이 높았으며, 특히 ANN 모형은 지리좌표를 투입하였을 때 더 높은 정확도를 보여주었다. 또한 ANN 모형의 경우 지리좌표를 통해 모형 잔차의 공간적 자기 상관성이 크게 감소하였다는 점을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 ANN 모형의 패턴인식 능력을 활용하면 공간적 패턴을 학습시킴으로써 주택가격을 정확히 추정할 수 있음을 밝혔다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.202-202
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• 2023

전 세계적으로 지구 온난화로 인해 발생한 가뭄은 사회적, 경제적, 환경적으로 막대한 피해를 야기하고 있다. 국내의 경우, 2022년부터 현재까지 지속되고 있는 가뭄 상황은 강수의 지역적 편차로 인해 남부 지역 중심으로 극심한 피해가 발생하였다. 남부 지역의 주요 용수공급원인 영산강, 섬진강권역의 용수 공급율은 예년의 57%(3.8억 톤)에 불과하며, 일부 도서·산간 지역은 용수공급이 제한되는 현상까지 발생하였다. 이러한 가뭄 피해를 대비하기 위해 초기에 모니터링을 통한 선제적 대응 방안을 구축해야 한다. 가뭄 모니터링의 경우 미계측 지역에 대한 모니터링 방법으로 주기적이고 균질한 자료를 제공 받을 수 있는 위성영상을 활용한 연구가 수행되고 있다. 가뭄을 정량적으로 분석하고 판단하기 위해 가뭄지수를 활용하고 있으며, 대표적인 가뭄지수는 지상 관측강수량자료를 활용한 확률분포 기반의 표준강수지수 (Standardized Precipitation Index, SPI)와 강수 및 기온의 변동성이 포함된 표준강수증발산지수 (Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, SPEI)가 있으며, 위성영상 자료를 활용한 가뭄지수인 증발스트레스지수(Evaporative Stress Index, ESI) 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 강수와 기온을 고려한 가뭄지수인SPEI와 위성영상 기반의 가뭄지수인 ESI를 활용하여 2022년 남부 지역의 가뭄 사상을 중심으로 지표별 시공간적 변화를 분석하고자 한다. SPEI의 경우 기상관측소 지점자료의 기온과 강수량을 활용하였으며, Terra 위성의 MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 센서에서 제공되는 위성영상자료를 활용한 ESI는 미계측 지역에 대한 가뭄 판단을 위해 시·군별로 세분화하여 산정하였다.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.90-101
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• 2013

■ Objectives The goal of this study was to observe the gait patterns from a patient with Parkinson disease under three different walking speeds. ■ Methods The patient walked on a treadmill and we measured gait parameters using a treadmill gait analysis system for 2 minutes. The Parkinson patients walked under three different conditions, first, at the preferred walking speed, second, at slower speed than the preferred walking speed, and, third, at faster speed than the preferred walking speed. ■ Results In terms of temporal gait parameters, as speed of treadmill increased, stance phase and total double support decreased, and swing phase increased. In terms of spatial parameters, as speed of treadmill increased, step and stride length increased. In terms of kinetic parameters, max pressure increased as speed of treadmill increased. ■ Conclusion According to different walking speeds, some gait parameters of spatiotemporal and kinetic was changed.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2023

Objective: Kinesio tape has been applied to the ankle to improve balance and gait. Stroke patients show abnormal gait patterns due to foot drop. This study aimed to determine the effects of ankle balance taping which to support the ankle joint on balance and gait in patients with chronic stroke. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty-four chronic stroke patients were selected and randomized into experimental group (n=12) and control group (n=12). The experimental group applied kinesio taping three times a week for three weeks, and the control group applied placebo taping for the same amount of time. To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment, the subjects' walking ability, static balance, and dynamic balance were assessed before and after the experiment. Gait speed and spatiotemporal gait ability were measured to examine walking ability, postural sway velocity and velocity moment for static balance, and Timed-Up and Go test and Berg Balance Scale were conducted to check dynamic balance. Results: The experimental group showed a significant increase in walking ability, static balance, and dynamic balance in the within-group pre-post difference (p<0.05). In the between-group comparison, the experimental group had a significant difference in walking ability than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Ankle balance taping can help improve gait, and this study can be used as a basis for future studies of ankle balance taping.

• 환경생물
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.254-270
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• 2020

금강 하구해역 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시·공간적 변동 및 생물해양학적 환경특성을 파악하기 위해 2018년 2월, 5월, 8월 및 11월, 4계절에 거쳐 15개 정점을 대상으로 현장조사를 실시하였다. 조사기간 동안 출현한 식물플랑크톤 종은 58속 116종으로 겨울과 봄에 단순하였고, 여름과 가을에 상대적으로 다양하게 출현하였다. 현존량은 가을에 10 cells mL^-1에서 겨울에 2,904.0 cells mL^-1까지 큰 변동 폭으로 평균 577.2 cells mL^-1의 높은 현존량을 보였으며, 출현 종과는 달리 봄과 가을에 낮고, 여름과 겨울에 높은 현존량을 나타내었다. 우점종은 연중 규조류 점유율이 높았으며, 겨울은 Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii, Cerataulina bergonii, Skeletonema costatum-ls 및 Coscinodiscus angustelineata, 봄은 S. costatum-ls 및 C. bergonii, 여름은 Eucampia zodiacus 및 Th. nordenskioeldii, 그리고 가을 하구역은 Aulacoseira cf. granulata, 혼합해역은 S. costatum-ls 및 외해역은 Lingulodinium polyedra가 우점하였다. 그리고 주성분 분석에 의하면 금강 하구해역의 식물플랑크톤 군집은 연간 금강하굿둑을 통해 유입되는 높은 영양염을 포함하는 담수의 유입량과 확장 정도에 크게 영향을 받고 있었다. 그러나 하굿둑을 통한 직접적인 담수 영향은 금란도 주변까지의 영역에 한정되었고, 그 외 해역은 해수와 담수가 강하게 혼합되었다.