• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.262-269
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• 1988

The Forsythiae fructus is described to be used as an antiinflammatory drug, diuretics, antidotes and antibacterials in oriental literatures. In order to investigate the efficacy of Forsythiae viridissima (Oleaceae), the methanol extract and its fraction have been evaluated for the acute toxicity, antiinflammatory, analgesic and spasmolytic action in animals. The methanol extract of Forsythiae fructus was found to have significant antiinflammatory activity in the acute and subacute antiinflammatory model in rats, but have no analgesic action. Furthermore, through fractionation procedure, it was found that the active compounds were easily soluble in chloroform and butanol. It is also noted that the extracts had spasmolytic activities in the rat fundus and uterus and had low acute toxicity in mice.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.145-149
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• 1994

Intravenous administration of hydro-methanolic extract of Cyperus scariosus (3-10 mg/kg) produced hypotensive and bradcardiac effects. These effects remianed unaltered in atropinized animals indicating that cardiovascular effects of the plant extract are not medliated through activation of muscarinic receptors. In the in vitro studies, it suppressed the spontaneous contractions of guinea-pig paired atria, rat ulterus and rabbit jejunum in a concentration-dependent (0.1-1 mg/ml) manner. It also inhibited histanmine or acetylcholine-induced contractions of guinea-pig ieum indicating non-sepcific spasmolytic action. In rabbit aorta, it inhibited norepinephrine $(10\;mu{M)}$ as well as $K^+$ (80mM)-induced contractions at similar concentrations (0.1-1 mg/ml). These data indicate that cyperus scariosus contains $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker-like constituent(s) which may explain hypotensive effect observed in vivo and the general spasmolytic activity of plant explain its folkloric use in diarrhoea.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.5 no.1 s.8
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• pp.53-59
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• 2002

Objective: Through the literature on the effect of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch, we are finding out the clinical possibility and revealing the more effective to untractable disease. Method: We investigated the literatures of Oriental Medicine and experimental reports about Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch. Results: 1.The taste of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch is hot, wann and toxic, and the effect is dispelling wind, spasmolytic action and detoxication so it has been used for C.V.A, facial palsy, numbness of hands and feet, wounds and arthritis. 2. A toxic constituent of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch is mainly located in the 1st limbs, and we can prevent toxic symptoms, if taken a dosage moderately. 3. The pharmacological action of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch is anti-convulsive action, analgesic action, lowering blood pressure, anti-inflammatory action, anti-tumor action and microbe inhibition. On the study of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch, we thought it is effective to intractable disease, and it may be needed variable studies on toxicity and clinical effects.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 1987

The effects of the water extract of 'Banhahubagtang', the combined herbal medicine, on the low esophageal sphincter, stomach, small intestine and CNS were investigated, and the results were as follows: The hexobarbital induced sleeping time was prolonged in female mice. The convulsion induced by electric shock was suppressed and analgesic action was recognized in mice. The extract inhibited intestinal propulsion of barium sulfate in mice. The extract inhibited free acid secretion and showed remarkable suppression of gastric ulcer in rats. Relaxation induced by isoproterenol and norepinephrine in low esophageal sphincter(L.E.S.) of rabbit was potentiated by addition of the extract. In conclusion, the Banhahubagtang exhibited anticonvulsive, sedative and L.E.S. inhibitory activities. These experimental results might indicate to be coincided with the indications for neuro-esophago-stenosis, esophagitis, esophagia, gastralgia, and neurosis which are well referred to the literature of oriental medicine.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.150-153
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• 1994

Ethanolic extract of Daucus carota (DC) at the dose of 10-100 mg/kg caused a dose-dependent fall in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure in nomotensive anesthetized rats. These effects were not blocked by atropine (1 mg/kg) and pretratment with DC did not alter the pressor response to norepinephrine indicating that cardiovascular effects of DC are independent of cholinergic or adrenergic recptors involvement. In spontaneously beating guinea-pig paired atria, DC induced a concentration-dependent (03-5 mg/ml) decrease in force and rate of atrial contractions. In rabbit thoracic aorta, DC caused inhibition of $K^+$-induced contractions at similar concentrations. These results suggest that the extract may exhibit $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocking-like direct relaxant action on cardiac and smooth muscle preperations and this action may be responsible for its hypotensive effect observed in the in vivo studies.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2008

In the present investigation, we studied the effect of alcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) seed kernels on various experimental models of bronchial asthma. Significant (P < 0. 05) increase in preconvulsion time was observed due to pretreatment with M. oleifera when the guinea pigs were exposed to either acetylcholine (Ach) or histamine aerosol. This bronchodilating effect of M. oleifera was comparable to ketotifen fumarate. Spasmolytic effect of M. oleifera was also observed by dose dependent inhibition of ideal contractions induced by Ach, 5HT, histamine and $BaCl_2$. Alcoholic extract of M. oleifera produced significant dose dependent protection by egg albumin and compound 48/80 induced mast cell degranulation. Pretreatment with alcoholic extract of M. oleifera also decreased carrageenan induced rat paw edema, which was comparable to that of standard diclofenac sodium. Minimum inhibitory concentration for alcoholic extract of M. oleifera was low as compared to cold-water extract and hot water extract when antimicrobial activity was tested against various respiratory pathogens like Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococus aureus (S. aureus) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Our data suggest that antiasthmatic activity of M. oleifera seed kernels may be due to its bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, mast cell stabilization and antimicrobial activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.314-321
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• 2015

Background: Ginseng belongs to the genus Panax. Its main active ingredients are the ginsenosides. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are the pacemaker cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. To understand the effects of ginsenoside Re (GRe) on GI motility, the authors investigated its effects on the pacemaker activity of ICCs of the murine small intestine. Methods: Interstitial cells of Cajal were dissociated from mouse small intestines by enzymatic digestion. The whole-cell patch clamp configuration was used to record pacemaker potentials in cultured ICCs. Changes in cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) content induced by GRe were investigated. Results: Ginsenoside Re ($20-40{\mu}M$) decreased the amplitude and frequency of ICC pacemaker activity in a concentration-dependent manner. This action was blocked by guanosine 50-[${\beta}-thio$]diphosphate [a guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein inhibitor] and by glibenclamide [an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive $K^{+}$ channel blocker]. To study the GRe-induced signaling pathway in ICCs, the effects of 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (a guanylate cyclase inhibitor) and RP-8-CPT-cGMPS (a protein kinase G inhibitor) were examined. Both inhibitors blocked the inhibitory effect of GRe on ICC pacemaker activity. L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester ($100{\mu}M$), which is a nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, blocked the effects of GRe on ICC pacemaker activity and GRe-stimulated cGMP production in ICCs. Conclusion: In cultured murine ICCs, GRe inhibits the pacemaker activity of ICCs via the ATP-sensitive potassium ($K^{+}$) channel and the cGMP/NO-dependent pathway. Ginsenoside Re may be a basis for developing novel spasmolytic agents to prevent or alleviate GI motility dysfunction.