• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2004

Direct numerical simulations were performed to analyze the effects of time-periodical blowing through a spanwise slot on a turbulent boundary layer. The blowing velocity was varied in a cyclic manner from 0 to 2A$^{+}$(A$^{+}$ =0.25, 0.50 and 1.00) at a fixed blowing frequency of f$^{+}$=0.017. The effect of steady blowing (SB) was also examined, and the SB results were compared with those for periodic blowing (PB). PB reduced the skin friction near the slot, although to a slightly lesser extent than SB. PB was found to generate a spanwise vortical structure in the downstream of the slot. This vortex generates a reverse flow near the wall, thereby reducing the wall shear stress. The wall-normal and spanwise turbulence intensities under PB are increased as compared to those under SB, whereas the streamwise turbulent intensity under PB is weaker than that under SB. PB enhances more energy redistribution than SB. The periodic response of the streamwise turbulence intensity to PB is propagated to a lesser extent than that of the other components of the turbulence intensities and the Reynolds shear stress.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2004

A direct numerical simulation is performed to analyze the effects of a localized time-periodic blowing on a turbulent boundary layer flow at R $e_{+}$=300. Main emphasis is placed on the blowing frequency effect on near-wall turbulent flow structures at downstream. Wall-normal velocity on a spanwise slot is varied periodically at different frequencies (0.004$\leq$ $f^{＋}$$\leq$0.080). The amplitude of periodic blowing is $A^{＋}$=0.5 in wall nit, which corresponds to the value of $v_{rms}$ at $y^{＋}$=15 without blowing. The frequency responses are scrutinized by examining the phase or time-averaged turbulent statistics. The optimal frequency ( $f^{＋}$=0.03) is observed, where maximum increase in Reynolds shear stress, streamwise vorticity fluctuations and energy redistribution occurs. The phase-averaged stretching and tilting term are investigated to analyze the increase of streamwise vorticity fluctuations which are closely related to turbulent coherent structures. It is found that the difference between PB and SB at a high blowing frequencies is negligible.e.e.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.746-751
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• 2001

We used a cylindrical model which simulates turbine blade leading edge to investigate the effects of free-stream turbulence intensity and blowing ratio on film cooling of turbine blade leading edge. Tests are carried out in a low-speed wind tunnel on a cylindrical model with three rows of injection holes. Mainstream Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter was $7.1\times10^4$. Two types of turbulence grid are used to increase a free-stream turbulence intensity. The effect of coolant blowing ratio was studied for various blowing ratios. For each blowing ratios, wall temperatures around the surface of the test model are measured by thermocouples installed inside the model. Results show that blowing ratios have small effect on spanwise-averaged film effectiveness at high free-stream turbulence intensity. However, an increase in free-stream turbulence intensity enhances significantly spanwise-averaged film effectiveness at low blowing ratio.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1342-1350
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• 2003

A direct numerical simulation of a spatially-developing turbulent boundary layer is performed to examine the characteristics of wall pressure fluctuations after the sudden application of wall blowing or suction. The uniform blowing or suction is given by the wall-normal velocity through a spanwise slot at the wall. The response of wall pressure fluctuations to uniform blowing or suction is analyzed by computing the turbulence statistics and frequency spectra. It is found that wall pressure fluctuations are more affected by blowing than by suction. The large elongated structure of wall pressure fluctuations is observed near the maximum location of $(p_w)_{rms}$ for blowing. The convection velocities for blowing increase with increasing the streamwise location after the slot. For both blowing and suction, the small scale of wall pressure fluctuations reacts in a short downstream distance to the spanwise slot, whereas the large scale recovers slowly in a farther downstream.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.494-500
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• 2004

The wing rock phenomenon is a high angle of attack aerodynamic motion manifested by limit cycle roll oscillations. Experimental studies reveal that direct control and manipulation of leading edge vortices, through the use of 'blowing' techniques is effective in the suppression of wing rock. This paper presents the design of a robust controller for the experimental implementation of one such 'blowing' technique - recessed angle spanwise blowing (RASB), to achieve wing rock suppression over a range of operating conditions. The robust controller employs Takagi - Sugeno fuzzy system, which is fine-tuned by experimental simulations. Performance of the controller is assessed by real-time wind tunnel experiments with an 80 degree swept back delta wing. Robustness is demonstrated by the suppression of wing rock at a range of angles of attack and free stream velocities. Numerical simulation results are used to further substantiate the experimental findings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2003

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of periodic blowing and suction on a turbulent boundary layer. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to probe the characteristics of the flow. The local forcing was introduced to the boundary layer via a sinusoidally-oscillating jet issuing from a thin spanwise slot. Three forcing frequencies (f$^{+}$=0.044, 0.066 and 0.088) with a fixed forcing amplitude (A$^{+}$=0.6) were employed at $Re_{=690. The effect of the forcing angles ($\alpha$=60$^{\circ}$ , 90$^{\circ}$ and 120$^{\circ}$ ) was investigated under the fixed forcing frequency (f$^{+}$=0.088). The PIV results showed that the wall region velocity decreases on imposition of the local forcing. Inspection of phase-averaged velocity profiles revealed that spanwise large-scale vortices were generated in the downstream of the slot and persist further downstream. The highest reduction in skin friction was achieved at highest forcing frequency (f$^{+}$=0.088) and a forcing angle of $\alpha$=120$^{\circ}$. The spatial fraction of the vortices was examined to analyze the skin friction reduction.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.472-478
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• 2000

An experimental study is performed to analyze flow structures behind a local suction/blowing in a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer, The local forcing is given to the boundary layer flow by means of a sinusoidally oscillating jet issuing from a thin spanwise slot at the wall. The Reynolds number based on the momentum thickness is about $Re_{\theta}=1700$. The effects of local forcing are scrutinized by altering the forcing frequency $(0.011{\leq}f^+{\leq}0.044)$. The forcing amplitude is fixed at $A_0=0.4$. It is found that a small local forcing reduces the skin friction, and this reduction increases with the forcing frequency. A phase-averaging technique is employed to capture the coherent structures. Velocity signals are decomposed into a periodic part and a fluctuating part. An organized spanwise vortical structure is generated by the local forcing. The larger reduction of skin friction for the higher forcing frequencies is attributed to the diminished adverse effect of the secondary vortex. An investigation of the random fluctuation components reveals that turbulent energy is concentrated near the center of vortical structures.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.91-92
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• 2003

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.12a
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• pp.298-303
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• 2002

Dispersion of coolant jets in a film cooling flow field is the result of a highly complex interaction between the film cooling jets and the mainstream. In order to investigate the effect of blowing ratios on the film cooling of turbine blade, cylindrical body model was used. Mainstream Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter was $7.1{\times}10^4$. The effect of coolant flow rates was studied for blowing ratios of 0.7, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5, respectively. The temperature distribution of the cylindrical model surface is visualized by infrared thermography (IRT). Results show that the film-cooling performance could be significantly improved by the shaped injection holes. For higher blowing ratio, the spanwise-diffused injection holes are better due to the lower momentum flux away from the wall plane at the hole exit.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2008

The effect of periodic blowing and suction of upstream flow on the separated shear flow behind the vertical fence was experimentally investigated. The fence was submerged in the turbulent shear flow and DPIV method was used to measure the instantaneous velocity fields around the fence. Periodic blowing and suction flow was precisely generated by the syringe pump. Spanwise nozzle made 2D planar periodic jet flow in front of the fence and the effect of frequency and maximum jet velocity was studied. From the results, the reattachment length can be reduced by 60% of uncontrolled fence case under the control.