• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.27-39
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• 1995

It is a well-known fact that most of the Korean school buildings has been adjusted by the standard plan according to the united and unified teaching method ever since the modern education started. However, seeing the recent growth of care for the open education, the effort to improve the teaching method in school fileds, the practice of the 6th education plan and the education reformation, it can be said that it is high time to change. As the number of schools which practice the open education has been increasing since in 1985 in this atmosphere, there have also appeared elementary schools with the open school building. But the general understanding of the school building and the open space is not enough. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the general spacial conditions, such as the fresh and diverse types of learning method and their development and the concept of the open space along with its types, application, size, and constition by studying, from the standpoint of the building plan, the elimentary schools of a new type in Japan which adopted the open space 20years earlier than in Korean. This study can offer helpful suggestions as to the Korean school building because our situation is very similar to the early stage where the open space is adopted to the school building.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.83-90
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• 2015

The equalization policy needs various factors-standardization of educational environment, standardization of learning method, standardization of teacher ability, etc. Especially the standardization of educational environment is the base of various factors. But the recent educational environment condition of high school is not equal. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for equal learning environment condition in high school applying departmentalized classroom system. This study has progressed through analyzing on 9 remodelling case of high school in Gangwon-Do. The method of this study is visiting high schools that operate the system, grasping the condition for environment composition, and investigating and analyzing practical use of the environment. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) The space compositions for departmentalized classroom system are generally desirable, but some schools take irrational space composition, especially on home base-teacher laboratory, classroom-teacher laboratory. 2) The space area distributions are different in every school. This result is based on not taking standard criterion on space area distribution.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.211-219
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to propose the environmental planning guidelines of elementary school settings for a crime safety. The research methodologies To achieve the goal, the literature review analysis and the survey were used as main research methodologies. The survey is organized as follows. First, elementary education facilities were divided into 20 spaces based on the major space. Second, after analyzing the domestic and foreign CPTED Guidelines, elements of environmental planning were classified to fit in the space. Based on this, the expert survey was conducted. The results of this study are as follows; First, it is necessary to consider specific places such as 'toilets', 'parking lot', 'in-between space', 'main access road', 'sub-access road' and 'harmful facilities around school' for safer school environment. Second, it is significant to plan 'equipment facilities' and 'outdoor space in the school setting' with priority for elementary education environment. Third, environmental planning elements for safer elementary schools can be classified into 9 factors(types) including 'natural surveillance planning', 'territoriality reinforcement planning', 'mechanical surveillance planning', 'access control planning' and 'neighborhood reinforcement planning'. Forth, regarding 'indoor space', crime-free elementary school environment can be build through 'natural surveillance planning' and 'territoriality reinforcement planning'. Finally, regarding 'outdoor space', the crime can be prevented through 'natural surveillance planning' and 'access control planning'.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

Spectraplakins are crucially important communicators, linking cytoskeletal components to each other and cellular junctions. Microtubule actin crosslinking factor 1 (MACF1), also known as actin crosslinking family 7 (ACF7), is a member of the spectraplakin family. It is expressed in numerous tissues and cells as one extensively studied spectraplakin. MACF1 has several isoforms with unique structures and well-known function to be able to crosslink F-actin and microtubules. MACF1 is one versatile spectraplakin with various functions in cell processes, embryo development, tissue-specific functions, and human diseases. The importance of MACF1 has become more apparent in recent years. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the presence and function of MACF1 and provide perspectives on future research of MACF1 based on our studies and others. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(1): 37-44]

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.51.3-51.3
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• 2019

Solar magnetograms are important for studying solar activity and predicting space weather disturbances1. Farside magnetograms can be constructed from local helioseismology without any farside data2-4, but their quality is lower than that of typical frontside magnetograms. Here we generate farside solar magnetograms from STEREO/Extreme UltraViolet Imager (EUVI) $304-{\AA}$ images using a deep learning model based on conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs). We train the model using pairs of Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) $304-{\AA}$ images and SDO/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) magnetograms taken from 2011 to 2017 except for September and October each year. We evaluate the model by comparing pairs of SDO/HMI magnetograms and cGAN-generated magnetograms in September and October. Our method successfully generates frontside solar magnetograms from SDO/AIA $304-{\AA}$ images and these are similar to those of the SDO/HMI, with Hale-patterned active regions being well replicated. Thus we can monitor the temporal evolution of magnetic fields from the farside to the frontside of the Sun using SDO/HMI and farside magnetograms generated by our model when farside extreme-ultraviolet data are available. This study presents an application of image-to-image translation based on cGANs to scientific data.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.173-197
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• 2023

ShadowCam is a high-sensitivity, high-resolution imager provided by NASA for the Danuri (KPLO) lunar mission. ShadowCam calibration shows that it is well suited for its purpose, to image permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) that occur near the lunar poles. It is 205 times as sensitive as the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC). The signal to noise ratio (SNR) is greater than 100 over a large part of the dynamic range, and the top of the dynamic range is high enough to accommodate most brighter PSR pixels. The optical performance is good enough to take full advantage of the 1.7 meter/pixel image scale, and calibrated images have uniform response. We describe some instrument artifacts that are amenable to future corrections, making it possible to improve performance further. Stray light control is very challenging for this mission. In many cases, ShadowCam can image shadowed areas with directly illuminated terrain in or near the field of view (FOV). We include thorough qualitative descriptions of circumstances under which lunar brightness levels far higher than the top of the dynamic range cause detector or stray light artifacts and the size and extent of the artifact signal under those circumstances.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.433-445
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• 2019

This study was designed to create an innovative Korean school space plan. This was done by performing an analysis of cases of student-tailored class operations and the composition of school space in Sweden's Vittra Telefonplan School. To this end, the research team analyzed prior studies, the Vittra school space and the student-tailored classes through an analysis of the literature, documents and video images. First, the OpenSpace was operating classes tailored to each student's academic growth and needs. Second, the open-space school space played a role as the space for student life. Third, the teacher played a role as an active guide and facilitator of students. Forth, the students' individual learning management team actively conducted coding classes by utilizing IT-based learning platforms. The implications of the Vittra School are as follows. When designing a new school, it is recommended to design a small school as small as possible, organize an open space according to the grade and not by the class, and operate the curriculum around the students' grade. When reorganizing existing schools, it is proposed that standardized classrooms be modified for schools with spare classrooms to create learning spaces that can vary for large to small and to practice project-oriented classes at the grade level.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.42.3-43
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• 2009

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2021

In Harbin, a network of underground commercial spaces has been developed to occupy spaces that were originally created as civil defense shelters. With the gradual extension of the local metro rail system, the existing underground commercial space is no longer an isolated regional development, but a space that represents "three-dimensional city" and coordinated development taking place in many Chinese cities. Based on the analysis of the unique development process taken in underground space of Harbin, this paper summarizes three characteristics of its early model of "fragmented development" of underground space. By conducting a comprehensive field research and survey, the researchers analyzed 472 questionnaires related to the development trend, and proposed multi-level synergistic elements for the renewal and development of underground commercial space. The paper concludes by discussing the trend of "three-dimensional and collaborative development," suitable for the development needs of the new era, and the corresponding development strategies for the renewal of underground space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2000

The school space has been recognized only as the space for the education and training of children. However, since most of the school is located in the center of the regional community, the school space must be not only the space of the education and training of children, but the space for the regional inhabitants' community in the future. The present study is aiming to investigate the architectural background and to utilize the multi-use facilities of schools which are taken a role of facilities of gymnasium and auditorium.