• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.837-844
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• 1994

In order to making the good quality soybean cheese, it is prepared byover growing cow's milk added soybean curd with Actinomucor elegans and the nold-overgrown curd soked in salt-brine/ethanol mixture. The physicochemical changes and sensory evaluation were investigated during the aging period. Crude protein, carbohydrate, crude fat ash contents of the pehtze were increased by elapsing the fermentation time, whereas moisture's decreased . Amino-N and ammonia -N contents of cow's milk added pehtze and soybean phetze were increased 17.25%, 7.23% and 16.16%, 8.42% respectively. Total nitrogen content of the pehtze was decreased by elaping the aging time but soaking solution's increased. Free amino acid content of soybean cheese was increased as a result of the proteolytic action of molds. As a result, sulfur containing amino acid such as methionine and cysteine of the cow's milk added soybean cheese were enriched 1.3 times more than the soybean cheese. Flavor, taste and texture of the cow's milk added soybean cheese were higher than soybean cheese.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.811-820
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• 2018

This study suggests a method of making cheese using soybeans for healthy food for people that are allergic to animal proteins, vegetarians, people on a diet, infants and toddlers. Additionally, the study was conducted to provide basic data that can contribute to the development of a quality control class of Korean cheese and underdeveloped cheese industry. Soybean cheeses have a high protein content and low fat. The free amino acids of soybean cheeses contained 11.48 mg of arginine per 100 g, 9.33 mg of glutamate, and leucine 4.91 mg, in that order. The free amino acids of Company A's milk cheese contained 20.95 mg of glutamate, 8.95 mg of proline and 8.02 mg of lysine per 100 g. In soybean cheeses, there were 2.21 mg of tryptophan and 0.73 mg of cysteine, which were not analyzed in the milk cheese of company A. The contents of the constituent amino acids was 1,070.22 mg of glutamate, 467.30 mg of aspartate and 446.30 mg of leucine in 100 grams of soybean cheeses per 100 grams. The milk cheese of Company A was 1,715.97 mg of glutamate, 798.72 mg of leucine and 685.31 mg of proline. The mineral contents of the soybean cheese were 120.29 mg/100 g of calcium, 0.92 mg/100 g of iron, 0.78 mg/100 g of zinc and 0.40 mg/100 g of selenium, respectively. The contents of vitamin $B_1$ and ${\beta}$-glucan in soybean cheese were higher than that of the milk cheese in Company A at 0.08 mg/100 g and 13.73 mg/g, respectively. Therefore, it is considered that the soy cheese is excellent in nutritional aspect and will contribute to health promotion. It is also suitable for people that are allergic to animal proteins, vegetarians, people on a diet and healthy foods for infants.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1987

For the manufacture of soybean cheese, curds were made from soy milk using either lactic starter or CaCl$_2$and ripened for 3 weeks. When papain was added during ripening, the amout of soluble protein increased. The yields of 3 soybean cheese were 76~88%, indicating that considerable loss of soy protein did not occur during the processing. During the period of ripening the change of moisture content was about 1 n. Total acidity of 3 soy cheese increased, demonstrating the production of lactic acid through lactic fermentation. Texture determined by Instron showed that 3 soy cheese had their own characteristic texture profile curve and that the cheese without papain treatment received the highest textural parameters. 3 manufactured soy cheese received 3-4 (good-very good) sensory scores in appearance, flavor and texture. General acceptibility of 3 cheese were evaluated as desirable or very desirable.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.65-79
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• 2001

The effects of ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin and trypsin treatments on the functional properties (degree of hydrolysis, solubility, and emulsifying capacity) of the soy protein isolate prepared from Jinpum soybean milk(JS milk) which has been developed as low lipoxidase-active soybean variety in Korea and extracted from commercially defatted soybean meal milk(DSM milk). The mixing ratios of JS milk to DSM milk were adjusted to 10:0, 7:3, and 5:5, respectively. The general quality attributes(yield, pH, titrable acidity, moisture contents, crude protein contents, color, textural properties, and sensory characteristics) of soybean cheese which has been prepared with the resulting soy protein hydrolysates were evaluated. Jinpum SPI was better subjected to trypsin than ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin hydrolyses as indicated by better solubility and emulsifying capacity of the hydrolysates. The degree of hydrolysis and solubility of Jinpum SPI were higher than the soybean isolates from DSM milk. The increased ratios of DSM milk in the mixture resulted in the reduced yields and crude protein content along with the lowered titratable acidity while the pH values and moisture contents showed the opposite trends. In color characteristics, the increased amount of DSM milk brought about the significantly lower Hunter color reflectance values of lightness of the cheese products, along with the higher redness and total color difference value(ΔE). However, the enzyme treatment alone was not enough to cause any color differences. The increased ratios of DSM milk also caused the significantly lowered textural parameters such as hardness, adhesiveness and cohesiveness of the soybean cheese. Between the enzyme treatments, the ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin treated samples resulted in the higher hardness and cohesiveness values of the products than those from the trypsin-treated ones. In organoleptic properties of the product, the better mouthfeel and overall quality scores were obtained from the trypsin treatments as compared with those from the ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin ones. The mixing ratios of 10:0 and 7:3 were more favored than that of 5:5 as far as mouth-feel, yellowness and overall quality of the products were concerned. On the overall, the mixing ratio of 7:3(JS milk: DSM milk) and the trypsin treatment of the mixture was recommended for better manufacturing of high-quality soybean cheese.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.153-157
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• 1981

생대두치이즈에 Pen. candidum과 Act. elegans을 각각 접종, 생육시킨 뒤 ethanol-brine용액(10% ethyl alcohol에 식염 5%를 용해시킨 수용액)에 액침시켜 10~13$^{\circ}C$의 저온에서 16주 동안 숙성시켰다.숙성중 화학적 변화를 보면 생대두치이즈에 함유되어 있는 성분이 가수분해됨에 따라 총질소는 amino산으로 전환되어 그 양이 감소하였고 amino태질소 및 환원당은 계속 증가하다가 대두치이즈의 숙성도가 완만하여짐에 따라 그 증가율이 둔화되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.213-218
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• 1985

대두치즈의 풍미와 조직을 개선하기 위해서 유청-두유치즈를 유청, 유청분말, 두유, 분리대두단백의 여러가지 혼합물의 공동침전에 의해 제조하고, 유산균과 레닛을 첨가한뒤 $15^{\circ}C$에서 10주 동안 숙정시킨다. 치즈의 물리 화학적 특성은 수소이온농도, 적정산도. 수용성질소, 10%TCA가용성질소, 아미노산조성, 풍미, 색, 경도등을 분석함으로 조사하였다. 유청-두유치즈의 pH는 최초 5.3에서 숙설 5${\sim}$6주에 4.2로 떨어져 이후는 일정하였으나 두유치즈의 pH는 시종 높은 값을 나타내었다. 유청-두유치즈의 적정산도는 점차 증가하여 8주후 0.4${\sim}$0.45에 달했으나, 두유치즈는 숙성이 끝난뒤에도 0.2에 불과했다. 수용성 및 10%TCA가용성 질소함량은 숙성중 점차 증가하였다. 치즈의 경도는 3 : 1 치즈와 두유치즈의 경우가 가장 컸으며 숙성 3주째 최고치를 나타내었다. 두유치즈에 비해 유청-두유치즈의 색은 밝았으며 대두치즈의 비린내는 숙성 전기간을 통해 강렬하였으나 유청-두유치즈의 경우 산취로 인해 비린내가 부분적으로 상쇄되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.231-236
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• 1978

탈지대두박(脫脂大豆粕)으로부터 대두유(大豆乳)를 제조(製造)하여 젖산 발효 대두유(大豆乳)의 응고(凝固) 조건(條件)과 효소(酵素) 처리(處理)한 cheese를 숙성(熟成)시키면서 숙성(熟成) 중(中)의 변화(變化)를 검토하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. Streptococcus lactis YUFE L-4를 사용(使用)한 대두유(大豆乳)의 젖산 발효는 다른 탄소원을 가하지 않아도 생육(生育)이 잘되었으므로 $37^{\circ}C$에서 4시간(時間) 동안 대두유(大豆乳)만을 사용(使用)하여 발효 대두유를 제조하였다. 2. $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$와 $CaCl_2$를 응고제로 사용할 경우, 최적응고 농도는 각각 0.0125M, 0.0375M (final concentration)이었다. 3. 응고(凝固) 반응(反應) 시간(時間)검토 결과, $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O,\;CaCl_2$ 모두 30분(分)이 적당하였다. 4. 응고(凝固) 온도(溫度)는 $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$가 $70^{\circ}C$에서 $CaCl_2$가 $50^{\circ}C$에서 최대(最大)의 응고력(凝固力)을 나타내었다. 5. 6주일(週日) 숙성(熟成) 후(後), 최종 수분 함량은 $63{\sim}65%$이었으며 수용성(水溶性) 질소(窒素) 함량(含量)과 10% TCA 가용성(可溶性) 질소(窒素) 함량(含量)은 Mucor rennet을 사용(使用)한 것보다 Asp. saitoi protease를 사용(使用)한 것이 각각 50.5%, 27.5%로 상당히 높게났으나 cheese의 맛, 조직 색깔등을 고려하여 볼 때 Mucor rennet을 사용하는 것이 바람직 하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.973-979
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• 1994

Microorganisms, including the strain IJ-3 isolated from soil, were found to secrete an extracellular soybean protein coagulating enzyme and the strain, IJ-3 was identified as Genus Bacillus according to the Bergey's manual . The enzyme coagulated protein in soymilk , thus forming a curd at pHs 5.8-6.4 and at 55-75℃. The optimum temperature for soybean protein coagulating activity was 65-75℃ and the enzyme was stable at temperature below 50℃ and was found to be stable with about 60-100% of the original activity at a with pH ranges(pH6-7). The molecular weight of enzyme was estimated to be 28,000 by SDS-PAGE. The curd formed with the enzyme from Bacilus sp. IJ-3 has a smooth texture, and a mild taste without any bitterness or a beany flavor.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.276-282
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• 1985

단백발효식품에서의 쓴맛 펩타이드의 특성을 규명하기 위하여 여러 시료로부터 소수성 펩타이드를 2 1(v/v) chloroform-methanol로 추출하였다 이 중 모짜렐라치즈와 된장으로부터 얻은 쓴맛 텝타이드 추출물을 다시 Sephadex C-25 겔 크로마토그라피한 결과 분획 I II, III을 얻었는데 이들 시료 자체와 각각의 크로마토그라피 분획을 구성하고 있는 펩타이드의 아미노산 조성을 분석하여 평균소수도를 계산하였다. 시료들 자체는 쓴 맛을 나타내지 않았으나 용매로 추출된 소수성 펩타이드 분획은 강한 쓴 맛을 나타내었다. 시료의 용매추출 수율은 총 질소 함량의 0.08내지 62.50%의 범위로 나타났다. 모짜렐라치즈 질소물의 평균 소수도는 1.376cal/mole, 용매추출 분획은 1.623cal/mole. 젤 크로마토그라피 분획 I은 1,797cal/mole, 분적 II 는 2,454cal/mole, 분획 III은 1,559cal/mole 이었다. 된장의 경우 된장 자체, 용매추출 분획, 겔 크로마토그라피 분획 I, II, III의 평균소수도는 각각 1,229. 1,654, 1900, 2016, 998cal/mole 이었다. 쓴맛 펩타이드에서 중요한 아미노산을 leucine, Phenylal anine. p-roline, valine으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.361-370
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• 1985

수분, 대두유, Na-caseinate, 분리대두단백, 옥수수 전분, 젖산및 disodium phosphate를 주 원료로 하여 imitation치즈의 조직감 특성 견고성, 부착성, 탄력성 및 녹는 성질을 반응표면분석을 통하여 살펴본 결과 imitation치즈의 조직감에는 각 원료가 1차적 영향뿐 아니라 2차적인 영향과 원료 서로간의 교호작용의 영향도 매우 큰 것으로 관찰되었다. 특히 견고성에는 대두유와 Na-caseinate가 1차적으로 큰 영향을 미쳤고 수분과 대두유, 옥수수 전분과 젖산/인산염과의 교호작용 영향도 컸으며 부착성과 탄력성에는 젖산/ 인산염과 Na-seinate가 큰 영향을 미쳤으며 녹는 성질에서 또 Na-caseinate와 젖산과의 모든 교호작용함이 높은 유의수준을 보이므로 전체적으로 imitation치즈의 조직감 특성에는 Na-caseinate와 젖산/인산염의 영향이 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 반응표면방법을 이용하므로 6가지 원료가 조직감 특성에 미치는 영향을 수학적으로 간단히 살펴볼 수 있었으며 동시에 등고선 그림을 통하여 각 조직감 특성에 두가지 원료가 서로 미치는 경향을 쉽게 관찰할 수 있었다.