• Title/Summary/Keyword: sowing time

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Comparison of Growth Characteristics and General Component Content of Corn According to the Sowing Date in the Central Region of Korea

  • Youngchul Yoo;Mi-Jin Chae;Seuk Ki Lee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.97-97
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    • 2022
  • The yield characteristics of corn for feed by sowing period and the crude protein, crude fat, and coarse flour contents of grain in the harvesting period were compared. The varieties are Kwangpyeongok(KPO), Dapyeongok(DPO) and Pyeonggangok(PGO), and cultivation was tested by the National Food Engineering Department and the Central Crop Department. It was sown at a planting distance of 70×25cm on April 15, June 14, and July 15, 2021, and the amount of fertilizer was applied through soil inspection. For the growth characteristics, plant height, biomass and grain weight were investigated after 50 days of sowing, and general components were analyzed by drying and pulverizing each seed. Compared to the results of sowing in April, which is the right time to sow corn, all three varieties sown on June 14 showed an increase in biomass. In the case of sowing on July 15, the fresh weight of KPO and DPO decreased, and the grain weight of KPO and PGO decreased by 10-20% compared to the sowing in April. There was no significant difference in the crude protein content of grain according to the sowing seasons in April and June, but decreased in the corn sown in July. The crude fat content was highest in KPO sown on June 14 and DPO sown on July 15. Combining the yield and general composition results, it is thought that the cultivation of corn for feed in Suwon in the central part can be sown by mid-June.

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Effect of Sowing Dates on Agronomic Traits and Quality of Seed for Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Southern Area of Korea

  • Hye Rang Park;Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana;Beom Kyu Kang;Jeong Hyun Seo;Jun Hoi Kim;Su Vin Heo;Ji Yoon Lee;Won Young Han;Hong-Tai Yun;Choon Song Kim
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.68 no.4
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    • pp.313-326
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    • 2023
  • Owing to adverse weather conditions, there is a heightened focus on actively researching the regulation of the sowing date in field crop cultivation. Soybean, a prominent field crop with extensive acreage and production, is a photophilic and thermophilic crop characterized by short-day photoperiodism. Identifying the optimal sowing time is crucial for mitigating the effects of severe weather conditions on soybean yield. Precise control over the timing of soybean sowing is the key to minimizing yield reduction due to unfavorable weather conditions. Temperature, photoperiod, and their interplay are the most significant factors influencing soybean cultivation among various weather factors. We conducted an experiment using three Korean soybean cultivars with varied maturities (Hwangkeumol: early maturing and Daewonkong and Pungsannamulkong: late maturing) in 2013 and 2014. Our investigation covered aspects of soybean growth, development, yield components, isoflavones, and visual seed quality. Across all three varieties, isoflavone levels increased with later sowing dates, while other measured components exhibited significant variations based on the sowing date. This study also provides valuable insights for the selection of suitable cultivars that perform well in soybean cultivation at various durations of maturity.

Studies on the soybean varieties in Korea -III. Relationships between the ecotypes and various characteristics- (대두의 품종에 관한 연구 -제3보 생태형과 제 특성간 그리고 수량과 제 특성간의 관계-)

  • Kwon-Yawl Chang
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.2
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    • pp.27-29
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    • 1964
  • Experiments were carried out to clarify the relationships between seed yields and some ecological characteristics, seed yields and some morphological characteristics, and the relationships among the varietal yields on the several sowing plots when grown under different climatic conditions. Twenty-four soybean varieties were used as the material, selected at random from 138 varieties which were cultivated the year before. These varieties were grown in the Experimental Farm, Chinju Agricultural College, Kyung Sang Namdo, Korea, and seed sowing was conducted at 5 times, from April to July, in 1962 and 1963. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Correlations between seed yields and some ecological characteristics on the sowing date bases are shown in Table 1. Among some ecological characteristics, it was observed that there wert close relationships between seed yields and days to flowering, and between seed yields and the total growing length, except on the late sowing, i.e. July sowing plots, However, there was no clear correlation between seed yields and durations of flowering, and between seed yields and days from flowering to maturity. 2. Correlations between seed yields and some morphological characteristics on the sowing date bases are shown in Table 2. From this table, it was also observed that there were some close relationships between seed yields and branch number for plant, stem diameter, plant weight, pod number per plant, and grain number per plant, but there was no clear relationship between seed yields and stem length, and between seed yields and 100 grain weight, on every sowing plot. 3. Relations between varietal yields and the sowing dates are shown in Table 3. Our leading varieties such as Ulsan, Sangdoo, Changdan Backmok, Iksan, Haman, Barchongdeo, and Anion Daerip, which belong to the maturity groups of IV, V, and VI, have been significantly high in yield at each sowing date plot, but the extreme early varieties, that frequently are damaged by insects, moisture and diseases, and the extreme late varieties, that frequently are caught by frost suffering reduced yield, are showed a lower yield than the others. However, extreme early varieties, for instance, Black Hawk, an American variety, and Chung Buk Baek, a Korean early variety, showed high productivity on the late sowing, June and July sowing plots, and Do san No. 6, which is late Japanese variety, showed a high yield on the extreme early sowing, i.e. April sowing plots. 4. Relations between seed yields and the sowing dates on the varietal bases are shown in Table 4. It was observed that, the early varieties did not differ much in yields at the various sowing dates while the yields of late varieties decreased progressively with subsequent dates. However, the extreme late varieties, such as Tamanishiki, that frequently are caught by frost suffering reduced yield, may be difficult to harvest at this location. The results in these experiments showed that in most cases maximum yields were obtained when leading varieties, which are medium or late varieties, were shown in Mid-May, and progressively lower yields were produced from June and July sowings. On the other hand, the late sowings of the early varieties, such as Black Hawk and Chung Buk Baek, in these experiments showed favorable yields compared with the others. From these results, we can predict that our local medium or late varieties produce higher yields at this location than was produced by early varieties in most of the sowing dates, especially the May sowing, and early varieties such as Black Hawk and Chung Buk Baek should be used in the late sowing, June sowing time.

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Proper Sowing Time and Planting Density of Intermediate-erect Type Cowpea Strains for Labor-Saving Cultivation (반유한 직립형 동부의 생력재배에 적합한 파종기 및 재식밀도)

  • Kim, Dong-Kwan;Kim, Yong-Soon;Park, Heung-Gyu;Kwon, Oh-Do;Shin, Hae-Ryong;Choi, Kyeong-Ju;Lee, Kyung-Dong;Rim, Yo-Sup
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.59 no.3
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    • pp.325-331
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to establish the proper sowing time and planting density of cowpeas for labor-saving cultivation. Experiments were carried out in Naju, Jeonnam Province (Latitude $35^{\circ}$ 04' N, Longitude $126^{\circ}$ 54' E) during 2012 and 2013. The intermediate-erect type strains used in this study were Jeonnam1 and Jeonnam2. Sowing was performed five times between June 25 and August 5 at approximately 10-day intervals in order to establish proper sowing time, and sowed at 5,000, 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 plants per 10a to establish proper planting density. The days from sowing to first flowering was shortest (32 days) in plants sowed on July 25 and became longer for plants sowed on or around July 25. The days from sowing to first flowering was longest (41 days) in plants sowed on June 25. The days from first flowering to first maturing was shortest (8 days) in plants sowed on June 25 and, became considerably longer at later sowing dates. The days from first maturing to first harvesting ranged from 8 to 10 days, with little difference among the sowing periods. Plants sowed on August 5 harvested at the same time, and plants sowed between June 25 and July 25 were harvested either three or two times. The yield was highest in plants sowed on July 25: 209 kg/10a was harvested for Jeonnam1 and 221 kg/10a for Jeonnam2. Furthermore, harvested at the same time enabled when the harvesting was delayed for around 15 days because the share of the seeds first harvested was highest (91%). The proper planting density was estimated to be 15,000 plants/10a, showing the highest yields of 199 kg/10a for Jeonnam1 and 224 kg/10a for Jeonnam2.

Effects of Sowing Time and Seeding Rate on Growth Chrcteristics, Winter Survival and Dry Matter Yield of Forage Rye (SeCale cereale L.) (파종기와 파종량이 사료용 호밀의 생육특성 , 월동성 및 건물수량에 미치는 영향)

  • 김동암;성경일;권찬호
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.164-168
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    • 1986
  • This study was conducted at the forage experiment field of SNU, Snweon to investigate effects of sowing time and seeding rate on growth characteristics, winter survival and dry matter yield of forage rye (Secale cereale L.) as fresh-cut forage. Treatments involved 9 combinations of sowing times (September 8, 28 and October 18) and seeding rates(80, 130 and 180kg $ha^{-1}$). Plant height was not influenced by the time of sowing, but forage rye had a tendency to be taller as increasing seeding rate when sown on September 8 and October 28 and harvested in fall and spring, respectively, Winter survival was reduced by fall harvesting in the plot sown on September 8, however, total dry matter yield was increased by the fall harvesting. Average dry matter yields of 5884, 4993 and 3525kg $ha^{-1}$ were obtained when forage rye was sown on September 8, 28 and October 18, respectively. Dry matter yield was decreased as delaying the time of sowing, but a tendency toward higher yield of forage rye by increasing seeding rate was observed. Yield difference by seeding rates was markedly larger when forage rye was sown on October 18 than September 8 and 28. Based on the results of this study, it appears that the dry matter yield of forage rye could be enhanced by sowing early to late September under upland condition in the middle plain are of Korea. The seeding rates of 80 to 130 kg $ha^{-1}$ and 180kg $ha^{-1}$ would be suitable for early to mid fall and late fall sowings, respectively.

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Effect of Pelleting Treatment on Seed Germination in Adenophora triphylla (잔대 종자 펠렛처리가 종자 발아에 미치는 영향)

  • Im, Dong Hyeon;Nam, Joo Hee;Kim, Jong Hyuk;Lee, Min Ju;Rho, Il Rae
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.128-135
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    • 2020
  • Background: Sowing seeds of Adenophora triphylla is known to be difficult owing to their small size and irregular seed shape. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a seed pelleting technique to save labor during sowing. Methods and Results: To identify the optimal germination temperature for A. triphylla seeds, the temperature range was set from 17℃ to 32℃. Germination surveys were conducted in plastic greenhouse conditions in March, April, and May to determine the appropriate sowing time. The optimal germination temperature for A. triphylla seeds was 29℃ and May was the optimal sowing time in plastic greenhouse conditions. Covering materials for seed pelleting used talc (T), kaolin (K), calcium carbonate (C), and vermiculite (V). The pellet binder used agar (A), pectin, xanthan gum, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and sodium alginate (S). The best suited treatment mixture were the best suited in kaolin / calcium carbonate / vermiculite (KCV), talc / calcium carbonate / vermiculite (TCV) mixture treatment for covering material, and sodium alginate (S), agar (A) as pellet binder, respectively. The germination rate was the best in TCV mixed with S. Conclusion: The mixture of TCV (2 : 1 : 3) + 1.5% S (TCVS), was found to be the best pelleting materials for A. triphylla seeds, and seed pelleting can be labor-saving during sowing.

Effect of Sowing Date and Planting Density on Growth, Yield and Anthocyanin Content of Purple Corn 'sakso 1'

  • Hee Yeon Kim;Jae-Keun Choi;Si-Hwan Ryu;Moon-jong Kim;Jung Heon Han;Seung Hyun Wang;Ki Sun Kim
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.55-55
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    • 2022
  • Purple com Saekso 1 was developed by Maize Research Institute (Hongcheon, Gangwon, Korea) and registered in 2011. Saekso 1 is a anthocyanin-rich hybrid variety that is yellow grain, purple husk and cob. Purple husk and cob of Saekso 1 is as a resource for the bioactive material by health food. In order to investigate optimum sowing date and planting density of Saekso 1. Agronomic characteristics were compared by sowing times April 25, May 15 and June 5. Husk dry weight were 68,72 and 70kg·10a-1, respectively. Cob dry weight were 90, 92 and 92kg·10a-1, respectively. Content of cyanidin-3-glucoside in husk were 0.56, 0.62 and 0.56% and in cob were 0.19, 0.14 and 0.17%. Therefore, the sowing time to increase husk and cob weight and content of cyanidin-3-glucoside is appropriate for planting in mid-May. The number of plants in planting density trial was 9,400, 7,000, 5,700 and 4,700 plants in 10a area. Plant height at each trial were 249, 250, 246 and 248cm, respectively. Husk dry weight were 76, 67 and 63 and 60kg·10a-1, respectively. Cob dry weight were 112, 92, 87 and 81kg·10a-1, respectively. Content of cyanidin-3-glucoside in husk were 0.70, 0.71, 0.71 and 0.75% and in cob were 0.21, 0.28, 0.26 and 0.20%. Therefore, appropriate sowing time was in mid-May and planting density was 5,700~7,000 plants·10a-1 in order to increase the yield and content of cyanidin-3-glucoside of purple com in South Korea.

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Establishment of Sesame Cultivation Practices as Succeeding Cropping System of Watermelon in the Greenhouse Condition

  • Shim, Kang-Bo;Hwang, Jung-Dong;Pae, Suk-Bok;Lee, Myoung-Hee;Ha, Tae-Joung;Park, Chang-Hwan;Park, Keum-Yong;Son, Jeong-Hee
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.55 no.3
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    • pp.195-199
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    • 2010
  • This experiment was conducted to develop optimum sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition. We also compared major components in sesame seed cultivated in the greenhouse and open field condition. The adaptable varieties under the greenhouse condition were white sesame 'Pyoungan' and black sesame 'Jinki' which showed higher yield and disease resistance. We also conducted several experiments to determine optimum sowing date, planting density and pinching time. Grain yields were statistically different according to the several sowing dates. In general, sesame sowing on June 30th showed higher grain yields than July 10th, July 20th and July 30th in the greenhouse. We also found out sesame cultivation practice with the row spacing of 40 cm and interplant spacing of 30 cm (a few branch type) or 40 cm (many branch type) showed higher yield than other treatments. Optimum pinching time was 25 days after first flowering in main stem when thousand seed weight and grain yield were highest. In the comparison of major components of sesame at the different cultivation conditions, sesame seeds cultivated in the greenhouse contained 4% much more oil content than open field condition. The lignan compounds, sesamin and sesamolin were also higher by 6% in the greenhouse than open field condition. It was concluded that sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition guaranteed higher grain yield with less labor input which is now emerging alternative farming practice system in present aging rural society and will also give sesame cultivation farmers to increase net income in Korea.

Studies on Hill Pasture Improvement by Hoof Cultivation I. Effect of sowing time on establishment, survival and dry matter yield of pasture species (제경법에 의한 산지초지개량에 관한 연구 I. 초지조성시가 목초의 정착과 잔존 및 건물수량에 미치는 영향)

  • 이효원;김동암;신재순
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.119-123
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    • 1986
  • In order to find out the effect of sowing time on establishment, survival and yield of pasture species when hoof and tooth cultivation was applied, this experiment was conducted from 1982 to 1984 at the comfound of Alpine Experiment Station. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Grasses establishment of 15 April, 15 May, 1 August and 30 August plots was 11.1%, 9.8%, 12.4% and 3.1%, resulting in 10% establishment in all plots except 30 August. The establishment of legumes in spring sowing was about 30%, showing significant difference (P < 0.05) than that of autumn sowing. 2. Botanical composition of sown pasture in all plots 2 years after sowing ranged from 66% to 80%. There was no significant difference between treatment in terms of DM Production 3 years after sowing although there was the difference in establishment and survival of sown pasture at the beginning of grassland establishment. It indicates that appropriate fertilization and grazing management after sowing play an important role in grassland improvement when hoof and tooth cultivation is applied. 3. The utilization of forages in plot 2 years after seeding was from 45 to 53%.

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Quality Characteristics of Perilla frutescens Cultivars According to Different Sowing Dates (파종 시기에 따른 들깨 품종별 품질 특성 변화)

  • Kim, Jung In;Lee, Myoung Hee;Kim, Sungup;Oh, Eunyoung;Ha, Tae Joung;Oh, Ki Won;Cho, Kwang-Soo;Jung, Chan Sik
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.66 no.4
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    • pp.403-410
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    • 2021
  • The present study investigated the quality characteristics of Perilla frutescens Britt. seed compounds according to the cultivar and sowing dates. In the present experiment, five Perilla cultivars, namely 'Dayu', 'Deulsaem', 'Deulhyang', 'Baekjin', 'Sodam', were planted on three different dates, including May 30, June 20, and July 10. The contents of key compounds and phenols varied depending on the cultivar and sowing date. With the delayed sowing time, the days to flowering and maturity of the culitvar decreased, while the seed weight and hardness increased. Crude protein content increased but crude lipid content decreased with the delay in the sowing time. However, there was no interaction of different sowing dates with the fatty acid content, which remained stable compared with the other values. Overall, the total polyphenol content was higher in Perilla seeds sown on May 30.