• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.418-424
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to develop the optimum baking formular and process in making the improved soy-wheat composite breads furtified with soy flour, which has been known for a source of biologically active phytochemicals and for more vegetable proteins as well. The effects of the addition of soy flour on a rheological properties of dough, on the sensory characteristics of breads, and on the possibilities of commercialization of these functional breads were investigated. As the added amount of soy flour increased, water absorption, development time and the weakness value of dough were increased, but dough stability were decreased in the farinograph. In the extensograph, the more soy flour was added, the less the extensibility and the resistance to extention were shown. As the amount of soy flour increased, gelatinazation point was increased in the amylograph, but the maxium viscosity was decreased. As the added amount of soy flour was increased, b value(yellowness) was obviously increased, L value(lightness) was slightly decreased. However, a value(redness) was not nearly changed in the color of cut loaves. In sensory evaluation, the more soy flour was added, the less the external, the internal characteristics and the eating qualities were shown. Accorting to the addition of soy flour, the toughness and the brittleness tended to be increased proportionally. The dough of 10% soy-wheat composite flour(SF10) was the most favorable on the baking performance.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.861-867
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• 2007

This Research analyzes the consumers' willingness to pay(WTP) for residential water on severe drought condition. The 7 large cities and 32 chronicle drought regions have been selected for this research survey. Results show that the consumers of large cities, which are relatively rich, think water quality is more important than quantity, but the consumers of 32 chronicle drought regions expressed just opposite. Dichotomous choice and open-ended questionnaire are mixed for the survey and Tobit model is applied in the analysis. As we expected, the higher the education level, the number of household member, and the income, the higher the WTP. When there is 25% reduction of supply, the WTP is about $2 per month. Contrary to the expectation, WTP is just slightly increased for 50% of water supply reduction. This is because of the resistance of tax as well as the limited actual experiences of water shortage so, they underestimated it. In any cases, actual WTP for actual water shortage is much higher than this result. More effective water supply and distribution schedule must be ready as a national and local level to prepare severe drought in the near future. Consumers are willing to pay higher price than the current level for water security. Water distributional system should be reconsidered and alternative source of water also be prepared.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 1986

The sufficient myoplasmic $Ca^{++}$ to react with the contractile proteins is necessary to induce contraction of a cardiac muscle. These $Ca^{++}$ for the production of muscle contraction are supplied from the three recognized $Ca^{++}$ sources; internal $Ca^{++}$ release via the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR), $Ca^{++}$ influx through a gated Ca-channel in the membrane as a Isi, and $Ca^{++}$ transport by the mechanism of Na/ca exchange. However, it is still controversial which $Ca^{++}$ sources act as a main contributor for myoplasmic $Ca^{++}$, Therefore, this study was undertaken in order to examine the $Ca^{++}$ sources for the contraction of frog ventricle. There is evidence that the SR is sparse in frog ventricular fibers, and that T-tubules are absent. Isolated ventricular strips of frog, Rana nigromaculata, were used in this experiment. Isometric tension was recorded by force transducer, and membrane potentials of ventricular muscles were measured through the intracellular glass microelectrodes, which were filled with 3M KCI and had resistance of $30{\pm}50M{\Omega}$. All experiments were performed at room temperature in a tris·buffered Ringer solution which was aerated with 100% $O_2$. Isotonic high K, low Na solution was used to induce K-contracture, K-contracture appeared at the concentration of 20 to 30mM-KCI and was potentiated in parallel with the increase in KCI concentration. The contracture had two components: an initial rapid phasic and a subsequent slow tonic contractile responses. Membrane Potentials measured at normal Ringer solution(2.5mM KCI) was -90 to -100 mV, and decreased linearly as the KCI concentration increased; -55mV at 20mM.KCI, -45mV at 30 mM.KCI, -30 mY at 50 mM.KCI, and -12 mV at 100 mM.KCI. K-contracture was evoked firstly at the membrane potential of -45 mV. The contracture was potentiated by the increase of bathing extracellular $Ca^{++}$ concentration. However, in the absence of $Ca^{++}$ the contracture was almost not induced by 50 mM.KCI solution. Caffeine(20mM) in normal Ringer solution, which is known to release $Ca^{++}$ from SR without substantial effects on the $Ca^{++}$ fluxes across the surface membrane, did not affect membrane potential and also not initiate contracture, but the caffeine in 20 mM-KCI Ringer solution produced a contracture. Above results suggest that the main $Ca^{++}$ source for the K·contracture of frog ventricle is $Ca^{++}$ influx through the voltage-dependent Ca-channel, and that in the K-contracture at the concentration of 100 mM-KCI, the mechanism of Na/ca exchange also partly contributs, in addition to the $Ca^{++}$ influx.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.52-64
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• 2016

The production of nuclear energy from thorium which is non-fissile material was a main issue until the middle of 1970's, because of the thorium's abundance as energy resources, its capability of breeding fissile material U233, and the reduction of long-lived actinides. However, to use thorium as nuclear fuel, some obstacles such as the necessities of external neutron source and long-term neutron irradiation for effective breeding, and the production of high radioactive isotopes in the course of thorium breeding cycle should be overcome. The difficulties to resolve these cons of thorium cycle became the reason of interruption of the related researches in the middle of 1970's. But in the 21st century, the change of societal perspective regarding nuclear energy and the appearance of accelerator-driven nuclear reactor shift those cons into pros and rehabilitate the study of thorium. The high activity of thorium cycle turned out to be a good option as higher resistance and easier detectibility of nuclear proliferation and the employment of subcritical accelerator-driven reactor as external neutron sources is considered to enhance the nuclear safety. In this study we compare the thorium cycle with the currently-used uranium cycle and analyze the technical status and perspective of thorium researches which use accelerator-driven reactors.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 1981

Using the milled, blast infected leaves (BIL) as an inoculum source on the screening for the resistance to blast of rice plant was a simple and useful technique. The temperature with high (25^\circ C\sim 35^\circ C) and low (15^\circ C\sim 28^\circ C) and the water stressed or not, was conditioned of to the inoculation with the BIL to the test varieties in seedling stage. In low temperature, most of the varieties were more infected with blast, however the Indica-Japonica hybrids were more infected in high temperature conditions. The water stressed was more infected with blast than the not stressed. The interaction of variety with water stress was not so much as that of variety with temperature. Resistant reaction to blast (BIL) was not affected by the temperature and water stress, but the moderately resistant or susceptible one was much affected by them. Inoculum of BIL was virulent to the newly bred Indica-Japonica hybrid cultivars such as Tongil, Nopung, etc, but not virulent to the Japonica cultivars such as Nongbaek, Jinheung, etc. The discrete, mixed or variable lesions were observed mainly in the moderately resistant or susceptible cultivars such as Kanto 51, Yashiromochi, Ishikari-shiroke, etc.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.917-924
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• 1995

I suis cocciosis in piglets seems to occur in the majority of Korean sow herds. Cocci야osis is characterized by a pasty diarrhea in piglets appearing at 5 to 11 days old. Morbidity is variable, Mortality is usually low but piglets growth is always retarded. And, the principal source of infection is the environment because of the high resistance of oocysts. Control of coccidiosis is usually frustrated since the majority of treatment have not constant results. Mundt et al(1990) developed a new strategy by administrating toltrazuril as an oral suspension. This new anticoccidial drug reduced clinical signs and mortality. Therefore, we will try to medicate piglets with Baycox(Bay Vi 9142) suspension in a sow herd, having a problem of I suis coccidiosis. The incidences of coccidiosis in suckling piglets in C and D bleeding stock farm were from 28.6 to 42.3 and 21.1~57.9 % during 3 to 21 day-old. The body weights of suckling piglets in treated groups were higher than those of control groups at 11 and 18 day-old. Also, those of C breeding stock firm were higher than those of D farm. The body weight gains of suckling piglet of treated groups were higher than those of control groups. Also, those of C breeding stock firm were higher than those of D farm. There was no dead piglet in all experimental groups. Some atrophic piglets were done away with. In C breeding stock farm, the incidences of diarrhea in treatment groups were significantly lower an those of control groups. Also, the degrees of diarrhea in treated groups were significantly lower than those in control groups. In D breeding stock farm, the incidences of diarrhea in treated groups were a little lower than those in control groups. Also the degrees of diarrhea in treated groups were a little lower than those in control groups. In the treated groups, the incidences and degrees of diarrhea were reduced at the 4th day and increased at the 13th day after treatment. The number of litters excreted oocysts in treated groups wert lower than those in control groups after treatment. Also, the OPG in treated groups were lower than those in control groups. According to above results, the effect of Baycox suspension against swine coccidiosis was very good. If we will treat with Barcox suspension swine coccidiosis in swine stock farms, we can get good effects of the improvement of body weight gains and diarrhea and e reduce of excreted costs in faeces.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1985

This study was conducted to evaluate herbicide resistant plant through tissue culture. Callus was induced from embryos of Echinochloa crusgalli Beauv. (var, oryzicola Ohwi, var. caudata Kitagawa and var, crusgalli). An optium medium for callus induction and succinate dehydrogenase activity in inducted callus were detected and callus growth of various varieties of Echinochloa crusgalli was assessed under the treatment of various rates of butachlor[N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide]. MS medium seemed to be the most appropriate to induce callus from the embryos of varieties of E. crusgalli by using 2,4-D about 5.5mg/l as a hormone source. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase in inducted callus showed positive reaction against to TTC(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) regardless of concentrations of butachlor and varieties of E. crusgalli, indicating that all the callus induced were alive. The callus growths derived from seeds of E, cnesgalli were greatly affected by various rates of butachlor and were completely inhibited at the highest concentration of butachlor, $10^{-3}M$, regardless of varieties of E. crasgalli. $10^{-6}M$ of butachlor inhibited 24.6% of the callus growth of E. crusgalli Beauv, var. oryzicola Ohwi, while E. crusgalli Beauv. var. crusgalli showed 42% of inhibition, showing that there was difference in response of varieties of E. crusgalli Beauv. to butachlor.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2004

To differentiate commercial bifidobacteia for Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, Bif. longum Bb-536 and Bif. infantis Maeil-K9, we studied the various carbon source, the nitrogen sources and antibiotics. Amygdalin and fructose were good candidates for carbon sources, and tryptone was suitable for nitrogen sources to design a new selective media for three commercial bifidobacteria. In the case of the amygdalin-containing medium as carbon sources, Bif. lactis Bb-12 and Bif. infantis Maeil-K9 showed good growth, and in fructose-containing medium, Bif. longum Bb-536 showed good growth. In antibiotics resistance study, the addition of 1 mg/L doxycyclin was very effective for differentiation of each bifidobacteria. Doxycyclin did not affect the growth of Bif. lactis Bb-12 and Bif. infantis Maeil-K9, but Bif. longum Bb-536 was completely inhibited by doxycyclin. Finally to confirm the selection capability of newly designed selective media, temperature-shocked bifidobacteria were cultured on them. As the results, fructose or doxycyclin containing medium showed for high growth for temperature-shocked bifidobacteria, but amygdalin containing medium showed low growth of temperature-shocked bifidobacteria.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.375-382
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• 1992

Molybdenum silicide films have been prepared by sputtering from a single composite MoS$i_2$ source on both P, B$F_2$respectively implanted (5${\times}10^{15}ions/cm^2$ single crystal and P implanted (5${\times}10^{15}ions/cm^2$) polycrystalline silicon substrates followed by rapid thermal annealing in the ambient of argon. The heat treatment temperatures have been varied in the range of 600-l20$0^{\circ}C$ for 20 seconds. The properties of Mo-silicide and the diffusion behaviors of dopant after the heat treatment are investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) , secondary ions mass spectrometry(SIMS), four-point probe and $\alpha-step.$ Annealing at 80$0^{\circ}C$ or higher resulted in conversion of the amorphous phase into predominantly MoS$i_2$and a lower sheet resistance. There was no significant out-diffusion of dopants from both single crystal and polycrystalline silicon substrate into molybdenum silicide layers during annealing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.83-88
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• 2015

Coating materials used in the electron beam (EB) deposition method, which is being studied as one of the fabrication methods of thermal barrier coating, are exposed to high power electron beam at focused area during the EB deposition. Therefore the coating source for EB process is needed to form as ingot with appropriate density and microstructure to sustain their shape and stable melts status during EB deposition. In this study, we tried to find the optimum powder condition for fabrication of ingot of 8 wt% yttria stabilized zirconia which can be used for EB irradiation. It seems that the ingot, which is fabricated through bi-modal type initial powder mixture which consists of tens of micro and nano size particles, was shown better performance than the ingot which is fabricated using monolithic nanoscale powder when exposed to high power EB.