• 소음진동
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.187-198
• /
• 1994

This study is to describe the effects of the duct termination conditions conditions upon the active noise attenuation system. The adaptive filtering algorithm using FIR filter is implemented for duct noise attenuation. To avoid the instability caused by the acoustic feedback, two methods are considered. One is to use a compensating FIR filter. The other is to utilize uni-directional detecting microphone and uni-directional control speaker. Experimental results show that the reflections of sound from duct terminations greatly reduce the performance of ANC system. The directionality of detecting microphone and control speaker is a major factor to decide ANC performance. When there are some reflections from both duct terminations, the noise attenuation using finite FIR filter is not enough to model the duct plant. Especially, the reflection from the upstream termination reduces the noise attenuation in the frequencies related to the distance between control speaker and upstream termination. The performance of the noise attenuation is found to be largely enhanced by using uni-directional coupler, both on detecting microphone and control speaker, even if the duct system has an arbitrary termination conditions.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.401-410
• /
• 2023

Vibration investigation of fluid-filled three layered cylindrical shells is studied here. A cylindrical shell is immersed in a fluid which is a non-viscous one. Shell motion equations are framed first order shell theory due to Love. These equations are partial differential equations which are usually solved by approximate technique. Robust and efficient techniques are favored to get precise results. Employment of the wave propagation approach procedure gives birth to the shell frequency equation. Use of acoustic wave equation is done to incorporate the sound pressure produced in a fluid. Hankel's functions of second kind designate the fluid influence. Mathematically the integral form of the Lagrange energy functional is converted into a set of three partial differential equations. It is also exhibited that the effect of frequencies is investigated by varying the different layers with constituent material. The coupled frequencies changes with these layers according to the material formation of fluid-filled FG-CSs. Throughout the computation, it is observed that the frequency behavior for the boundary conditions follow as; clamped-clamped (C-C), simply supported-simply supported (SS-SS) frequency curves are higher than that of clamped-simply (C-S) curves. Expressions for modal displacement functions, the three unknown functions are supposed in such way that the axial, circumferential and time variables are separated by the product method. Computer software MATLAB codes are used to solve the frequency equation for extracting vibrations of fluid-filled.

• 소음진동
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.146-156
• /
• 1998

자동차의 폭발적인 증가와 아울러 경부고속전철시대를 맞이함으로 인하여 소음공해는 큰 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 소음공해에 대한 해결책의 일환으로 효율적인 방음벽을 연구 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 방음벽의 연구는 먼저 반사형 방음벽과 흡음형 방음벽에 대한 소음저감효과 를 산정한 다음, 흡음재료를 사용함으로서 감소되는 소음저감 효과를 산정하는데 큰 의의가 있다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 방음벽의 높이에 비하여 음의 파장이 대체로 짧을 때는 방음벽의 상단부분에 흡음재를 설치하면 방음벽 전체에 흡음재를 설치한 것과 같은 효과가 있다는 결론을 얻었다. 도로교통소음은 평균주파수가 550Hz 이므로 이때 파장은 60cm 정도이다. 방음벽 높이를 4m로 설치했을 때 방음벽 상단에서 60cm 정도만 흡음재를 사용하면 4m전체의 방음벽에 흡음재를 사용한 것과 같은 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 흡음재를 사용한 소음저감의 효과는 점음원이고 수음자의 위치가 $135^{\circ}$ 일 때 평균 8dB(A)정도이고, 선음원일때는 평균 3dB(A)정도의 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다 이러한 흡음형의 방음벽은 경제적일 뿐만 아니라 방음벽의 높이를 최소한 1m이상 줄일 수 있으므로 국토를 고도로 이용해야 되는 우리 나라의 여건에 대단히 효과적인 방음벽이라 사료된다.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제66권4호
• /
• pp.629-635
• /
• 2017

Free-Flooded Ring (FFR) transducer array for use in Sonar system can be driven with large amplitude in a wide frequency band due to its structural characteristics, in which two resonances of a ring mode (1st radial mode) and an inner cavity vibration mode occur in a low frequency band. Since its sound wave generation characteristics are not influenced by the water pressure, the FFR transducer array is widely used in the deep sea. So FFR has been recognized as a low-frequency active sound source and has received much attention ever since. In order to utilize the FFR transducer array for SONAR systems in military and industrial applications, its equivalent electric circuit model is necessary especially to design the matching circuit between the driving power amplifier and the FFR transducer array. Thus this paper proposes the equivalent electric circuit model of FFR transducer array by using measured values of parameter, and suggest the improved method of parameter identification. Finally it verifies the effectiveness of the proposed circuit model of FFR transducer array by experimental measurements.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.436-442
• /
• 2022

본 논문은 수중 주파수 선택적 채널에서 주파수 다이버시티의 채널 선택 판정법에 따른 선택 합성법 (selective combining)의 성능을 평가하였다. 천해 수중 음향 채널은 경계면 반사와 수온 층에 따른 음파 굴절 등의 다양한 환경요인이 결합하여 복잡한 다중경로의 특성을 가진다. 특히, 다중경로에 의한 주파수 선택성 (frequency selectivity)는 통신 채널의 에너지 변동을 발생시키고, 이로 인해 SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio)가 감소하여 통신성능이 저하된다. 본 논문에서는 다중경로의 주파수 선택성에 따른 통신성능 확보를 위해 다수의 채널을 이용하는 주파수 다이버시티 기법을 적용하였다. 각 채널은 4-FSK (Frequency Shift Keying)과 선택 합성법을 적용하였으며, 선택 합성법의 복조 채널 선택 판정을 위해 신호의 최댓값, 평균값 그리고 심벌 비교 판정 (majority decision)을 적용하여 성능을 평가하였다.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 2016

We report a finding of fast(exceeding 2,000 K/s) heating of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS), one of the most commonly-used microchannel materials, under cyclic loadings at high(~MHz) frequencies. A microheater was created based on the finding. The heating mechanism utilized vibration damping of sound waves, which were generated and precisely manipulated using a conventional surface acoustic wave(SAW) microfluidic system, in PDMS. The penetration depths were measured to range from $210{\mu}m$ to $1290{\mu}m$, enough to cover most microchannel heights in microfluidic systems. The energy conversion efficiency was SAW frequency-dependent and measured to be the highest at around 30 MHz. Independent actuation of each interdigital transducer(IDT) enabled independent manipulation of SAWs, permitting spatiotemporal control of temperature on the microchip. All the advantages of this microheater facilitated a two-step continuous flow polymerase chain reaction(CFPCR) to achieve the billion-fold amplification of a 134 bp DNA amplicon in less than 3 min. In addition, a technique was developed for establishing dynamic free-form temperature gradients(TGs) in PDMS as well as in gases in contact with the PDMS.

• Advances in Computational Design
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.363-380
• /
• 2020

In this paper, a cylindrical shell is immersed in a non-viscous fluid using first order shell theory of Sander. These equations are partial differential equations which are solved by approximate technique. Robust and efficient techniques are favored to get precise results. Employment of the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure gives birth to the shell frequency equation. Use of acoustic wave equation is done to incorporate the sound pressure produced in a fluid. Hankel's functions of second kind designate the fluid influence. Mathematically the integral form of the Lagrange energy functional is converted into a set of three partial differential equations. Throughout the computation, simply supported edge condition is used. Expressions for modal displacement functions, the three unknown functions are supposed in such way that the axial, circumferential and time variables are separated by the product method. Comparison is made for empty and fluid-filled cylindrical shell with circumferential wave number, length- and height-radius ratios, it is found that the fluid-filled frequencies are lower than that of without fluid. To generate the fundamental natural frequencies and for better accuracy and effectiveness, the computer software MATLAB is used.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제14권7호
• /
• pp.604-611
• /
• 2004

It is well known that wall impedance essentially determines how sound wave transmits from one place to another. The wall impedance is related with its dynamic properties : for example, the mass, stiffness, and damping characteristics. It is noteworthy, however, that the wall impedance is also function of spatial characteristics of two spaces that is separated by the wall. This is often referred that the wall is not locally reacting. In this paper, we have attempted to see how the acoustic characteristics of the two spaces is affected by various structure parameters such as density, applied tension, and a normalized length of the wall. Calculations are conducted for two different modally reacting boundary conditions by modal expansion method. The variation of the Helmholtz mode and the structural-dominated mode are analyzed as the structure parameters vary. The displacement distribution of the structure, pressure and active intensity of the inside and outside cavity are presented at the Helmholtz mode and the structure-dominated mode. It is shown that the frequency characteristics are governed by both structure-and fluid-dominated mode. The results exhibit that the density of the structure is the most sensitive design parameter on the frequency characteristics for the coupling system as we could imagine in the beginning. The Helmholtz mode frequency decrease as density increases. However. it increases as applied tension and an opening size increase. The bandwidth of the Helmholtz mode is mainly affected by density of the structure and its opening size.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.565-577
• /
• 2024

Vibration investigation of fluid-filled functionally graded cylindrical shells with ring supports is studied here. Shell motion equations are framed first order shell theory due to Sander. These equations are partial differential equations which are usually solved by approximate technique. Robust and efficient techniques are favored to get precise results. Employment of the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure gives birth to the shell frequency equation. Use of acoustic wave equation is done to incorporate the sound pressure produced in a fluid. Hankel's functions of second kind designate the fluid influence. Mathematically the integral form of the Langrange energy functional is converted into a set of three partial differential equations. A cylindrical shell is immersed in a fluid which is a non-viscous one. These shells are stiffened by rings in the tangential direction. For isotropic materials, the physical properties are same everywhere where the laminated and functionally graded materials, they vary from point to point. Here the shell material has been taken as functionally graded material. After these, ring supports are located at various positions along the axial direction round the shell circumferential direction. The influence of the ring supports is investigated at various positions. Effect of ring supports with empty and fluid-filled shell is presented using the Rayleigh - Ritz method with simply supported condition. The frequency behavior is investigated with empty and fluid-filled cylindrical shell with ring supports versus circumferential wave number and axial wave number. Also the variations have been plotted against the locations of ring supports for length-to-radius and height-to-radius ratio. Moreover, frequency pattern is found for the various position of ring supports for empty and fluid-filled cylindrical shell. The frequency first increases and gain maximum value in the midway of the shell length and then lowers down. It is found that due to inducting the fluid term frequency result down than that of empty cylinder. It is also exhibited that the effect of frequencies is investigated by varying the surfaces with stainless steel and nickel as a constituent material. To generate the fundamental natural frequencies and for better accuracy and effectiveness, the computer software MATLAB is used.

• 소음진동
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.600-606
• /
• 1999

본 논문은 길이 방향에 따라 단면적이 감소하는 경로와 증가하는 경로 2개가 존재할 경우 길이 방향에 따른 단면적 변화율과 경로의 길이에 의하여 특정 주파수에서 음파의 위상이 반대되는 현상이 발생하여 전달 경로 하단에서 해당 주파수의 소음이 상쇄되는 현상을 규명하였다. 단면적 변화를 고려한 1차 파동 방정식을 적용하여 매우 간단한 해석적인 해를 구하였으며, 원형 덕트 내의 속이 빈 콘 형상의 단면적 변화를 적용하여 실험적으로 검증하였다. 질량 효과에 의하여 필터링 주파수는 1, 2차 모드에서는 이론보다 더 낮은 주파수에서 결정되나, 3차 이상 고차 모드에서는 이론식으로 그 해당 주파수를 예측할 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 좁은 공간에서 덕트의 특정 소음의 주파수를 제거하여 음질을 개선할 필요가 있는 경우 이를 덕트 내부에 적용하는 콤팩트한 필터로 적용할 수 있다.